Jatropha curcas: A viable alternative source of clean energy to meet Sudan's growing energy demand

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazir Farouk Abdelraheem ◽  
Andrew Lang ◽  
Mohammed Elhadi Ahmed Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Viable Alternative ◽  
Alternative Source

Direct ammonia fueled solid oxide fuel cells: A comprehensive review on challenges, opportunities and future outlooks

2020 ◽  
pp. 70-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molla Asmare ◽  
Mustafa Ilbas
Keyword(s):  
Electric Power ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Performance Comparison ◽  
Optimum Operating ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Energy Access ◽  
Green Fuel

Nowadays, the most decisive challenges we are fronting are perfectly clean energy making for equitable and sustainable modern energy access, and battling the emerging alteration of the climate. This is because, carbon-rich fuels are the fundamental supply of utilized energy for strengthening human society, and it will be sustained in the near future. In connection with this, electrochemical technologies are an emerging and domineering tool for efficiently transforming the existing scarce fossil fuels and renewable energy sources into electric power with a trivial environmental impact. Compared with conventional power generation technologies, SOFC that operate at high temperature is emerging as a frontrunner to convert the fuels chemical energy into electric power and permits the deployment of varieties of fuels with negligible ecological destructions. According to this critical review, direct ammonia is obtained as a primary possible choice and price-effective green fuel for T-SOFCs. This is because T-SOFCs have higher volumetric power density, mechanically stable, and high thermal shocking resistance. Also, there is no sealing issue problem which is the chronic issues of the planar one. As a result, the toxicity of ammonia to use as a fuel is minimized if there may be a leakage during operation. It is portable and manageable that can be work everywhere when there is energy demand. Besides, manufacturing, onboard hydrogen deposition, and transportation infrastructure connected snags of hydrogen will be solved using ammonia. Ammonia is a low-priced carbon-neutral source of energy and has more stored volumetric energy compared with hydrogen. Yet, to utilize direct NH3 as a means of hydrogen carrier and an alternative green fuel in T-SOFCs practically determining the optimum operating temperatures, reactant flow rates, electrode porosities, pressure, the position of the anode, thickness and diameters of the tube are still requiring further improvement. Therefore, mathematical modeling ought to be developed to determine these parameters before planning for experimental work. Also, a performance comparison of AS, ES, and CS- T-SOFC powered with direct NH3 will be investigated and best-performed support will be carefully chosen for practical implementation and an experimental study will be conducted for verification based on optimum parameter values obtained from numerical modeling.

scholarly journals Application and Design Aspects of Ground Heat Exchangers

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2134
Author(s):  
Luka Boban ◽  
Dino Miše ◽  
Stjepan Herceg ◽  
Vladimir Soldo
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Direct Expansion ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Ground Heat Exchangers ◽  
Point Of Interest ◽  
Constant Source

With the constant increase in energy demand, using renewable energy has become a priority. Geothermal energy is a widely available, constant source of renewable energy that has shown great potential as an alternative source of energy in achieving global energy sustainability and environment protection. When exploiting geothermal energy, whether is for heating or cooling buildings or generating electricity, a ground heat exchanger (GHE) is the most important component, whose performance can be easily improved by following the latest design aspects. This article focuses on the application of different types of GHEs with attention directed to deep vertical borehole heat exchangers and direct expansion systems, which were not dealt with in detail in recent reviews. The article gives a review of the most recent advances in design aspects of GHE, namely pipe arrangement, materials, and working fluids. The influence of the main design parameters on the performance of horizontal, vertical, and shallow GHEs is discussed together with commonly used performance indicators for the evaluation of GHE. A survey of the available literature shows that thermal performance is mostly a point of interest, while hydraulic and/or economic performance is often not addressed, potentially resulting in non-optimal GHE design.

scholarly journals Environmental Impacts ofJatropha curcasBiodiesel in India

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gmünder ◽  
Reena Singh ◽  
Stephan Pfister ◽  
Alok Adheloya ◽  
Rainer Zah
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Value Chain ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Mineral Fertilizer ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Assessment Procedure

In the context of energy security, rural development and climate change, India actively promotes the cultivation ofJatropha curcas, a biodiesel feedstock which has been identified as suitable for achieving the Indian target of 20% biofuel blending by 2017. In this paper, we present results concerning the range of environmental impacts of differentJatropha curcascultivation systems. Moreover, nine agronomic trials in Andhra Pradesh are analysed, in which the yield was measured as a function of different inputs such as water, fertilizer, pesticides, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Further, the environmental impact of the wholeJatropha curcasbiodiesel value chain is benchmarked with fossil diesel, following the ISO 14040/44 life cycle assessment procedure. Overall, this study shows that the use ofJatropha curcasbiodiesel generally reduces the global warming potential and the nonrenewable energy demand as compared to fossil diesel. On the other hand, the environmental impacts on acidification, ecotoxicity, eutrophication, and water depletion all showed increases. Key for reducing the environmental impact ofJatropha curcasbiodiesel is the resource efficiency during crop cultivation (especially mineral fertilizer application) and the optimal site selection of theJatropha curcasplantations.

scholarly journals Ethanol production using vegetable peels medium and the effective role of cellulolytic bacterial (Bacillus subtilis) pre-treatment

F1000Research ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 271
Author(s):  
Salman Khan Promon ◽  
Wasif Kamal ◽  
Shafkat Shamim Rahman ◽  
M. Mahboob Hossain ◽  
Naiyyum Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethanol Production ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cellulolytic Bacteria ◽  
Alcohol Production

Background: The requirement of an alternative clean energy source is increasing with the elevating energy demand of modern age. Bioethanol is considered as an excellent candidate to satiate this demand.Methods:Yeast isolates were used for the production of bioethanol using cellulosic vegetable wastes as substrate. Efficient bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass into ethanol was achieved by the action of cellulolytic bacteria (Bacillus subtilis).  After proper isolation, identification and characterization of stress tolerances (thermo-, ethanol-, pH-, osmo- & sugar tolerance), optimization of physiochemical parameters for ethanol production by the yeast isolates was assessed. Very inexpensive and easily available raw materials (vegetable peels) were used as fermentation media. Fermentation was optimized with respect to temperature, reducing sugar concentration and pH.Results:It was observed that temperatures of 30°C and pH 6.0 were optimum for fermentation with a maximum yield of ethanol. The results indicated an overall increase in yields upon the pretreatment ofBacillus subtilis; maximum ethanol percentages for isolate SC1 obtained after 48-hour incubation under pretreated substrate was 14.17% in contrast to untreated media which yielded 6.21% after the same period. Isolate with the highest ethanol production capability was identified as members of the ethanol-producingSaccharomycesspecies after stress tolerance studies and biochemical characterization using Analytical Profile Index (API) ® 20C AUX and nitrate broth test. Introduction ofBacillus subtilisincreased the alcohol production rate from the fermentation of cellulosic materials.Conclusions:The study suggested that the kitchen waste can serve as an excellent raw material in ethanol fermentation.

Exploring the impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on Algeria’s energy used and climate change based on Olduvai theory

2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Industrial Civilization ◽  
The 2008 Financial Crisis ◽  
The Impact

The Death of Industrial Civilization explains how the contemporary ecological crisis within industrial society is caused by the values inherent in unlimited economic growth and competitive materialism. It demonstrates the central role and importance of electricity, and what policy makers need to do in order to ensure that current and future systems remain reliable even as they are transformed by the rise of clean energy technologies. The novel COVID19 pandemic has created an unprecedented global health and economic crisis. The result of such a scenario is that energy demand contracts by 6%, the largest in 70 years in percentage terms and the largest ever in absolute terms. The impact of Covid19 on energy demand in 2020 would be more than seven times larger than the impact of the 2008 financial crisis on global energy demand and this is what the Olduvai theory is defined by e=energy production/population. It states that the life expectancy of Industrial Civilization is less than or equal to 100 years.

Considerations Regarding the Use of Fuel Cells in Combined Heat and Power for Stationary Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 239-275
Author(s):  
Andrei Mircea Bolboaca
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Combined Heat And Power ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Energy Technologies ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
New Energy ◽  
Energy Conversion Systems ◽  
Polluting Emissions

Covering the energy demands under environmental protection and satisfying economic and social restrictions, together with decreasing polluting emissions, are impetuous necessities, considering that over half of the pollutant emissions released in the environment are the effect of the processes of electricity and heat production from the classic thermoelectric powerplant. Increasing energy efficiency and intensifying the use of alternative resources are key objectives of global policy. In this context, a range of new energy technologies has been developed, based on alternative energy conversion systems, which have recently been used more and more often for the simultaneous production of electricity and heat. An intensification of the use of combined energy production correlated with the tendency towards the use of clean energy resources can be helpful in achieving the global objectives of increasing fuel diversity and ensuring energy demand. The chapter aims at describing the fuel cell technology, in particular those of the SOFC type, used in the CHP for stationary applications.

scholarly journals Efficient and Secure Strategy for Energy Systems of Interconnected Farmers′ Associations to Meet Variable Energy Demand

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2182
Author(s):  
Maria Simona Raboaca ◽  
Nicu Bizon ◽  
Catalin Trufin ◽  
Florentina Magda Enescu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
National Level ◽  
National Development ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Auxiliary Equipment ◽  
Strategic Objective ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Variable Energy

Since ancient times, agriculture has been one of the most important resources of national development. At a national level, clean energy is a strategic objective of Romania, in accordance with the EC directive 2016/30.11.2016 (“Clean Energy for All”). At a European level, the European Commission published in January 2019 the “Towards a Sustainable Europe by 2030” strategy, highlighting the strategic importance of the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies. In this context, the synergy between the energy management of a hybrid energy system and blockchain technology, applied to farmers’ associations, represents a priority research direction in the field of information and communication technology, blockchain, and security. This paper presents the integration of the management of the energy produced by photovoltaic panels owned by farmers’ association, to support the variable energy demand (necessary for water pumps, charging stations of the electric agricultural machines, the animal farms, and the auxiliary equipment) based on the IoT, DLT, blockchain technologies and smart contracts applied to farmers associations registered as users of the SmartFarm platform.

scholarly journals Environmental benefits of modern power system and clean energy

2019 ◽  
Vol 107 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Vedaste Ndayishimiye ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Deborah Nibagwire ◽  
Patrobers Simiyu ◽  
Giovanni Dushimimana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Energy System ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Electric Transport ◽  
Coal Consumption ◽  
Sustainable Energy System

Nowadays, the world is at a critical moment of facing serious environmental and economic problems. A very large number of people in developing countries is exposed to dangers associated with flammability and toxicity of traditional source of energy while others in industrialized countries are facing the effects of atmospheric air pollution and green house (GHG) gas emission .Despite the global reforestation policies, despite latest remarkable increase in renewable energy and natural gas production, there is still a problem of domination fuel and coal consumption. This paper explored the effects of rapid economic growth, industrial development on climate. Additionally the effects of continuous exponential population growth, a fast increase of energy global energy demand, conventional transport system on carbon and GHG emission have discussed. Finally the paper revealed how modern smart electricity system with sustainable energy system and electric transport system contribute to the reduction of hazardous emission.

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