Polymeric Antioxidant Based on Natural Rubber Grafted with N-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)maleimide

2012 ◽  
Vol 488-489 ◽  
pp. 211-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pairote Klinpituksa ◽  
Sittaporn Somkieowan ◽  
Wae Asae Waehamad ◽  
Natinee Lopattananon
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Accelerated Aging ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Optimal Amount ◽  
Melt Grafting ◽  
Natural Rubber Vulcanizates

A novel rubber bound antioxidant NR-g-HPM was prepared by melt grafting HPM (N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)maleimide) onto natural rubber in a brabender plasticorder. HPM was synthesized from p-aminophenol and maleic anhydride. The yield was found to be over 80%. The grafting products were observed with FTIR spectroscopy and TGA. The ageing resistance of natural rubber vulcanizates using NR-g-HPM was studied. It was found that an optimal amount of NR-g-HPM (6 phr) gave about 25% better tensile strength and elongation at break as compared with conventional BHT addition, for filled natural rubber after 48 h of accelerated aging.

Effect of Polyethylene Grafted Maleic Anhydride (PEgMAH) on Tensile Properties and Swelling Behavior of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate (EVA)/ Natural Rubber (NR)/ Feldspar Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 554 ◽  
pp. 141-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.H. Ho ◽  
A.Ghani Supri ◽  
Pei Leng Teh
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Swelling Behavior ◽  
Rotor Speed ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Lower Elongation

The effects of polyethylene grafted maleic anhydride (PEgMAH) as a compatibilizer on the tensile properties and swelling behavior of ethylene vinyl acetate /Natural Rubber/ Feldspar (EVA/NR/FP) composites were studied. The EVA/NR/FP composites with and without PEgMAH were prepared using Brabender Plasticoder at 160oC with 50rpm rotor speed. The results indicated that EVA/NR/FP/PEgMAH had higher value of tensile strength and M100 but lower elongation at break and percentage mass swell.

Pengaruh penambahan natural rubber (NR), epoxidation natural rubber (ENR-46) dan chlorprene rubber (CR) pada sifat kompon termoplastik

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-69
Author(s):  
Farida Ali ◽  
Tuti I. Sari ◽  
Andi A. Siahaan ◽  
Al-Kautsar D. Arya ◽  
Tri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Nitrile Butadiene Rubber ◽  
Poly Vinyl Chloride

Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan Natural Rubber (NR) dan Epoxidation Natural Rubber (ENR-46) dengan kompatibiliser Chlorprene Rubber (CR) pada aplikasi kompon termoplastik Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) dan Nitrile Butadiene Rubber (NBR), variabel penelitian meliputi ENR-46/PVC/NBR/CR, NR/PVC/NBR/CR dan CR-NR/PVC/NBR, CR-ENR-46/PVC/NBR. Parameter pengujian sifat fisik-mekanik : Hardness (Shore A), Tensile Strength (Mpa), Elongation at Break (%) dan ketahanan terhadap pelarut minyak (n-Pentane, Toluene, Hexane dan Pertalite). Hasil penelitian didapatkan untuk sifat fisik-mekanik, semakin banyak penambahan NR Kekerasan kompon termoplastik akan menurun, Tensile Strength dan Elongation at Break kompon akan meningkat begitu juga dengan CR-NR. Tetapi berbanding terbalik hasilnya untuk ENR-46 dan CR-ENR-46. Pengujian Ketahanan terhadap pelarut minyak semakin banyak penambahan ENR-46 Ketahanan kompon termoplastik terhadap pelarut akan meningkat, hasil yang sama juga pada CR-ENR-46. Tetapi berbanding terbalik hasilnya dengan penambahan NR dan CR-NR pada kompon termoplastik.

scholarly journals The effects of alkanolamide addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR) / chloroprene rubber (CR) blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 01030 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indra Surya ◽  
Syahrul Fauzi Siregar ◽  
Hanafi Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Crosslink Density ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Palm Stearin ◽  
Swelling Behaviour ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Cure Characteristics ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber

Effects of alkanolamide (ALK) addition on cure characteristics, swelling behaviour and tensile properties of silica-filled natural rubber (NR)/chloroprene rubber (CR) blends were investigated. The ALK was synthesized from Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Stearin (RBDPS) and diethanolamine, and incorporated into the silica-filled NR/CR blends as a non-toxic rubber additive. The ALK loadings were 0.0, 1.0, 3.0, 5.0 and 7.0 phr. It was found that the ALK exhibited shorter scorch and cure times and higher elongation at break of the silica-filled NR/CR blends. The ALK also exhibited higher torque differences, tensile modulus and tensile strength at a 1.0 phr of ALK loading and then decreased with further increases in the ALK loading. The swelling measurement proved that the 1.0 phr loading of ALK caused the highest degree in crosslink density of the silica-filled NR/CR blends.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Maleated Polyethylene in Natural Rubber and Teline monspessulana Flour Composites

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Palacio ◽  
Emilio Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Coupling Reaction ◽  
Molding Process ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Content Determination ◽  
Two Factors

The effect of the addition of maleated polyethylene (MAPE) to compounds of natural rubber (NR) and Teline monspessulana flour (TMF) previously mercerized was investigated. Two factors were analyzed: A. concentration of MAPE with five levels 2; 4; 6; 8; 10 phr (parts per hundred rubber), B. concentration of TMF with two levels 25 and 40 phr. The effect of MAPE on compatibility between NR and HTM was evaluated by tensile testing the compounds. The mixing was performed in a laboratory scale mill. The test tubes were obtained by cutting or die-cutting crosslinked peroxide sheets, these were obtained during the compression molding process. Analysis indicate that the MAPE coupling agent improved the compatibility between HTM and NR, this effect was evidenced by the values of tensile strength and elongation at break. However, the gel content determination indicates that the addition of 10 phr of MAPE crosslinking decreases due to competition with coupling reaction MAPE - HTM.

scholarly journals Thermal, Morphological and Physic-Mechanical Properties of Natural Rubber - CaCO3 Composites Using Jatropha Oil as Softener.

2018 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 05016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nasruddin ◽  
Tri Susanto
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Abrasion Resistance ◽  
Compositional Analysis ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Green Technology ◽  
Jatropha Oil ◽  
Rubber Composites ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Natural Rubber Composites

The urgency of green technology in rubber compounding has become a critical issue recently. In this research, the effect of using renewable resources in rubber compounding has been studied. Commercial Calcium Carbonate, Silica and Jatropha Oil were used in natural rubber composite. The research was designed by varying the types of commercial filler namely CaCO3 (47-51) phr, silica (47-51) phr and Jatropha Oil (4-6) phr in natural rubber composites (SIR-20). The formulas were intentionally designed for rubber tips vulcanizates. The samples were characterized by the determination of physic-mechanical, thermal (TGA) and morphological (SEM) properties. From the measured results, there is no significant effect on the tensile strength, specific gravity, and hardness on the loading of commercial CaCO3 and Silica in natural rubber composites using Jatropha Oil. However, a slight difference in elongation at break and abrasion resistance could be detected. Compared to the commercial rubber tips, the rubber tips produced in this research have higher tensile strength, elongation at break and abrasion resistance. Due to the usage of commercial CaCO3 and Silica, the SEM micrographs show rough surface because of the agglomeration. The thermogram shows clearly the compositional analysis of the rubber tips vulcanizates consist of Jatropha Oil and natural rubber, CaCO3, ash and other filler residues such as Silica.

Mechanochemical Devulcanization of Vulcanized Gum Natural Rubber

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-199
Author(s):  
G.K. Jana ◽  
C.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Tear Strength ◽  
Vulcanized Rubber ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
Polymeric Chains ◽  
Cure Time

De-vulcanization of vulcanized elastomers represents a great challenge because of their three-dimensional network structure. Sulfur-cured gum natural rubbers containing three different sulfur/accelerator ratios were de-vulcanized by thio-acids. The process was carried out at 90 °C for 10 minutes in an open two-roll cracker-cum-mixing mill. Two concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent were tried in order to study the cleavage of the sulfidic bonds. The mechanical properties of the re-vulcanized rubber (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) were improved with increasing concentrations of de-vulcanizing agent, because the crosslink density increased. A decrease in scorch time and in optimum cure time and an increase in the state of cure were observed when vulcanized rubber was treated with high amounts of de-vulcanizing agent. The temperature of onset of degradation was also increased with increasing concentration of thio-acid. DMA analysis revealed that the storage modulus increased on re-vulcanization. From IR spectroscopy it was observed that oxidation of the main polymeric chains did not occur at the time of high temperature milling. Over 80% retention of the original mechanical properties (like tensile strength, modulus, tear strength and elongation at break) of the vulcanized natural rubber was achieved by this mechanochemical process.

Effect of Ashes as Biomass in Silica Filled Natural Rubber

2017 ◽  
Vol 735 ◽  
pp. 153-157
Author(s):  
Wasinee Pinpat ◽  
Wirunya Keawwattana ◽  
Siree Tangbunsuk
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Compression Set ◽  
Cure Time ◽  
Oil Palm Ash ◽  
Reinforcing Filler

Silica has been used as reinforcing filler in natural rubber for a period of time as it results in excellent properties for NR vulcanizes. Rice husk ash (RHA), bagasse ash (BA), and oil palm ash (OPA) obtained from agricultural wastes are mainly composed of silica in the percentage of 80.00%, 57.33%, and 40.20% by weight, respectively. The effect of these fillers on cure characteristics and mechanical properties of natural rubber materials at fixed silica content at 35 parts per hundred of rubber (phr) were investigated. The results indicated that ashes showed greater cure time compared to that of the silica. The incorporation of ashes into natural rubber gradually improved compression set but significantly decreased tensile strength, elongation at break, and resilience. Moreover, young's modulus increased, while hardness showed no significant change with the addition of ashes. Overall results indicated that ashes could be used as cheaper fillers for natural rubber materials where improved mechanical properties were not critical.

Effect of Gamma Radiation on Properties of Cellulose Nanocrystal/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites

2018 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 13-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wapoon Tappanawatch ◽  
Paweena Prapainainar ◽  
Pongdhorn Sae-Oui ◽  
Surapich Loykulnant ◽  
Peerapan Dittanet
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Gamma Ray ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Corn Cob ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Reinforcing Agent

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were extracted from corn cob and synthesized by alkaline treatment using 3 wt% sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Acid hydrolysis with 64 wt% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) at different reaction times (30, 45, 60 min) was performed to obtain CNC solutions. CNC was evaluated as a reinforcing agent in natural rubber (NR) at CNC loadings from 1-5 wt%. Gamma-ray radiation was used as vulcanization method and varied at 10 and 20 kGy. The tensile modulus and tensile strength of NR vulcanizates increased with addition of CNC and contents. In addition, radiation by gamma ray impacts the mechanical performance, where CNC/NR composites vulcanized with higher dose of radiation of 20 KGy were found to have the higher values in tensile strength, elongation at break, and modulus than with 10 KGy. Moreover, the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composites after aging were found to slightly increase due to post-curing during the aging process.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Elastomeric Composites Filled with Lignocellulose Bioadditives, Part 2: Flammability, Thermo-Oxidative Aging Resistance, Mechanical and Barrier Properties

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Miedzianowska ◽  
Marcin Masłowski ◽  
Krzysztof Strzelec
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Natural Rubber ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Environmental Friendliness ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Oxidative Aging ◽  
High Flexibility ◽  
Petroleum Derivatives ◽  
Properties Of Composites

The work covers the characteristics of the functional properties of composites bordering thermoplastics and elastomers. The research is a continuation of considerations on blends in the form of a mixture of natural rubber (NR) with an ethylene–vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA) and the addition of a lignocellulose biofiller (wheat straw). After describing the processing and rheology as well as examining the thermal properties and morphology of composites (Part 1), the second part focuses on the characteristics of their performance. The effect of both different ratios of mixed polymers and the amount of filler on tensile strength and elongation at break, resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, hardness, tear resistance, barrier and damping properties, as well as flammability were investigated. The increased EVA content has shown a positive effect on tensile strength, elongation at break, resistance to thermo-oxidative aging, hardness, relative damping, tear strength, barrier and burning delay. On the other hand, a larger amount of natural rubber provides high flexibility and promotes the creation of a reinforcing structure by the filler used. Moreover, a significant impact of the addition of cereal straw on the barrier, damping, strength and flammability properties of composites was also noted. The great advantage of the prepared compositions in relation to commercial plastics is their environmental friendliness, primarily by replacing some petroleum derivatives of plastics with natural rubber and straw fibers.

scholarly journals Maleic Anhydride-Grafted Isotactic Polybutene-1 and Modified Polyamide 6

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongxian Zhao ◽  
Chen Ma ◽  
Shijie Cheng ◽  
Wei Xu ◽  
Yuejuan Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Maleic Anhydride ◽  
Crystallization Rate ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Melt Flow Rate ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Melt Grafting ◽  
Relative Molecular Weight ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Optimized Conditions ◽  
Dsc Curves

Maleic anhydride (MAH)–divinyl benzene (DVB) multi-monomer melt-grafting onto isotactic polybutene-1 (iPB-1) was carried out in a torque rheometer. The effects of dicumyl peroxide (DCP), MAH, and DVB concentrations, and temperature, on the reaction, were investigated. The optimized conditions were 170 °C, DVB/MAH = 4:6 (mass ratio). DVB as a comonomer enhanced the grafting degree (Gd) and grafting efficiency (Ge) of iPB-g-MAH better than styrene. The initiator DCP had little effect on Gd as its concentration over 0.2 phr, but the grafts’ melt flow rate (MFR) increased significantly, and relative molecular weight decreased remarkably with increased DCP concentration. With increasing Gd, the contact angle of grafts with water decreased, and there was a larger crystallization rate. The study of iPB-1 and iPB-g-MAH (Gd = 1.5%)-modified polyamide 6 (PA6) showed that iPB-g-MAH had an obviously toughening effect on PA6. With increasing iPB-g-MAH concentration, the blends of impact strength and elongation at break increased obviously, tensile strength decreased slightly, and MFR decreased prominently, which greatly slowed the processing degradation of PA6. The properties of iPB-1/PA6 blends deteriorated. Both DSC curves and SEM micrographs confirmed that PA6/iPB-g-MAH blends had much better compatibility than PA6/iPB. The reason was that the anhydride group in iPB-g-MAH reacted with amide group in PA6 to improve the compatibility between two phases, and iPB-g-MAH is an excellent modifier for PA6.

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