A Free-Lead and Cadmium of Antimony Ruby Glass Composition and its Preparation Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 535-537 ◽  
pp. 2158-2161
Author(s):  
Hua Juan Tang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Matrix Composition ◽  
Ruby Glass ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion

The antimony ruby glass is prepared by soda-lime silica system as matrix composition which coefficient of linear expansion is appropriate for the ordinary glassware.UV-VIS spectrometer is used to measure the transmittance curves of various amount Sb2O3 glasses Relation between amount Sb2O3 and transmittance of antimony glasses are investigated which indicates that the tSuperscript textransmittance of antimony glass becomes lower with Sb2O3 amount increasing. Comparing un-treatment with heat treatment antimony glass, the dominate wavelength moves toward the red wavelength and the pure color increases.

On the defects of enamel coatings

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-150
Author(s):  
T. O. Soshina ◽  
V. R. Mukhamadyarovа
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Surface Tension ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Enamel Coating ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Treatment Conditions ◽  
Mechanical And Corrosion Properties ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion

The defects destroy the integrity of the enamel, and the paper examines the influence of the physical-mechanical and corrosion properties of frits and heat treatment on the defectiveness of the enamel coating. The surface defects were scanned by electron microscope. It has been established that the defectiveness of enamel coatings depends on the melting index, temperature coefficient of linear expansion, surface tension of the frits, and heat treatment conditions. When burning rate of the enamel coating decreases, the fine-meshed structure of the enamel changes, and the size of the defects decreases.

scholarly journals Bone bonding ability of some borate bio-glasses and their corresponding glass-ceramic derivatives

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 183-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatma Margha ◽  
Amr Abdelghany
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Soda Lime ◽  
Phosphate Solution ◽  
Borate Glasses ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

Ternary borate glasses from the system Na2O?CaO?B2O3 together with soda-lime-borate samples containing 5 wt.% of MgO, Al2O3, SiO2 or P2O5 were prepared. The obtained glasses were converted to their glass-ceramic derivatives by controlled heat treatment. X-ray diffraction was employed to investigate the separated crys?talline phases in glass-ceramics after heat treatment of the glassy samples. The glasses and corresponding glass-ceramics after immersion in water or diluted phosphate solution for extended times were characterized by the grain method (adopted by several authors and recommended by ASTM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectra to justify the formation of hydroxyapatite as an indication of the bone bonding ability. The influence of glass composition on bioactivity potential was discussed too.

scholarly journals Investigation of the thermal properties of mullite-cordierite materials

2018 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
О. V. Savvova ◽  
O. I. Fesenko ◽  
V. D. Timofeеv ◽  
Ya. V. Poviderna
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Fire Resistance ◽  
Glass Ceramic ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Ceramic Materials ◽  
Glass Ceramic Materials ◽  
Cordierite Glass ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion

Based on the analysis of existing mullite-cordierite sitalls, the need to create high-strength materials of this type for individual and local protection against high-speed loads has been determined. They should be characterized by lower cost, due to low-temperature short-term heat treatment using domestic raw materials. An important aspect of ensuring the effective protective effect of an armor-element, in addition to its armor resistance and survivability, is the ability to withstand the effects of open flame and combustible mixtures, which is determined by the thermal properties of the sitalls. The aim of this work is to study the thermal properties, namely thermal expansion coefficient and fire resistance, high strength mullite-cordierite glass-ceramics that they are developed by us earlier. The temperature coefficient of linear expansion was determined using a quartz vertical dilatometer QVD-5A (ASTM C 372-94 (2007)), fire resistance according to GOST 33000—2014. According to X-ray diffraction and differential thermal analyzes, the experimental samples were divided into two groups according to the formation mechanism of structure and phase composition of glass materials during heat treatment. For each of the materials groups, the influence of the chemical and phase compositions on the thermal coefficient of linear expansion of the original mullite-cordierite glass materials and glass-ceramic materials (sitalls) thermally treated using two-stage heat treatment was determined. The study of the fire resistance of the developed glass-ceramic materials made it possible to establish that they withstand the thermal load in a certain mode for 360 minutes. It has been established that providing high thermal- and fire resistance (RE 360 (h)) is a determining factor in the production of hardened glass crystalline materials that are able to resist to thermal destroying at sharp temperature change.

Crystallization of MgO • Al2 • SiO2 • ZrO2 glasses

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 440-441
Author(s):  
M. A. McCoy
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Ceramic Powder ◽  
Transformation Toughening ◽  
Ceramic Powder Processing ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Ceramic Matrices

Transformation toughening by ZrO2 inclusions in various ceramic matrices has led to improved mechanical properties in these materials. Although the processing of these materials usually involves standard ceramic powder processing techniques, an alternate method of producing ZrO2 particles involves the devtrification of a ZrO2-containing glass. In this study the effects of glass composition (ZrO2 concentration) and heat treatment on the morphology of the crystallization products in a MgO•Al2•SiO2•ZrO2 glass was investigated.

scholarly journals PROPERTIES OF PARTICLEBOARD PANELS MADE OF SUGARCANE PARTICLES WITH AND WITHOUT HEAT TREATMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Gomes Milagres ◽  
Raiana Augusta Grandal Savino Barbosa ◽  
Karine Fernandes Caiafa ◽  
Gabriel Soares Lopes Gomes ◽  
Tatiana Aurora Condezo Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Sugarcane Bagasse ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Water Vapor Adsorption ◽  
Thickness Swelling ◽  
Specific Mass ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the properties of particleboard panels made of “in natura” sugarcane bagasse particles, heated at 250 °C for 5 minutes. Various particle proportions were utilized to produce the panels and their properties were compared with that of a panel made of Pinus sp. The panels were produced with 8% tannin formaldehyde adhesive, and 0.5% paraffin emulsion, being pressed at 32 kgf.cm-2 for 10 minutes at 180 ° C. It was determined the basic density of the “in natura” and heat-treated particles, their chemical composition, as well as the compression ratio necessary to obtain panels with density equal to 0.75 g.cm-3. The basic density of the panels, hygroscopic equilibrium humidity, thickness swelling, linear expansion, water vapor adsorption, modulus of elasticity and rupture, perpendicular traction, screw pullout, and Janka hardness were determined. The basic densities of Pinus particles and sugarcane bagasse without and with heat treatment were 0.46, 0.27 and 0.30 g.cm-3, respectively. The average specific mass of the panels was 0.74 g.cm-3 with no significant difference between them. Generally, panels made of sugarcane particles were less hygroscopic and dimensionally more stable than panels made of Pinus particles. However, the perpendicular tensile strength, screw pullout and Janka hardness of these panels were higher than for the Pinus panels. The heat treatment of sugarcane bagasse particles resulted in better mechanical properties of perpendicular traction and Janka hardness. In general, the panels are within the limits set by ANSI A208.1. It is therefore possible to replace panels made of Pinus particles for the ones made of sugarcane bagasse, provided that at least 25% of the particles are heat treated for 5 minutes at 250 ° C.

The first 7 years (1978–1985) of ice wedge growth, Illisarvik experimental drained lake site, western Arctic coast

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
pp. 1782-1795 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Ross Mackay
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Frozen Ground ◽  
Ice Wedge ◽  
Western Arctic ◽  
Arctic Coast ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion ◽  
Lake Site ◽  
Crack Widths

A large lake, measuring 600 m × 300 m and with a depth of nearly 5 m, was artificially drained on 13 August 1978. Observations on the formation, width, and depth of thermal contraction cracks for the first 7 years show that the crack profiles and ice wedge growth rates differ markedly from those of old ice wedges reported in the literature. The first winter's cracks had box-like profiles, with surface widths to 10 cm and depths to 2.5 m. Some cracks continued to widen and deepen, once opened in early winter, and then narrowed or even closed completely in summer. Mean growth rates for the ice wedges for the first few years have been as much as 3.5 cm/year. Temperature gradients at the time of first cracking have been in the range of 10–15 °C/m. The growth rate of young ice wedges is site specific and temperature dependent, varying with factors such as the temperature gradient, vegetation, and snow cover, so an estimate of the age of an ice wedge from its width will usually be impossible. A study of crack widths indicates that the apparent coefficient of linear expansion of frozen ground may be several times that of ice. Upward cracking has been proven.

The Practical Application of 36% Ni Steel Piping in LNG Plants

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiichi Yamamoto ◽  
Kentaro Sakata ◽  
Nobutaka Seo ◽  
Kazushi Enuma ◽  
Seiichi Uchino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Linear Expansion ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Reheat Cracking ◽  
Welding Technology ◽  
Tunnel Diameter ◽  
Welding Consumable ◽  
Coefficient Of Linear Expansion ◽  
Steel Piping

Conventionally, 18-8 stainless steel has been used for the facility of cryogenic service in LNG plant because of the excellent toughness. Although 18-8 stainless steel piping requires pipe looping to relax thermal expansion in the cryogenic piping of LNG plant, 36% Ni steel (generally called as Invar) piping does not require pipe looping due to its low coefficient of linear expansion of about one-tenth of that of 18-8 stainless steel. Elimination of pipe looping makes significant reduction of the piping cost by reducing the number of elbows, welding points and adoption of small diameter of piping. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the tunnel diameter, when the piping is installed in a tunnel. However, conventionally, it has been known that there is a difficulty in adopting the material from the viewpoint of weldability, which is reheat cracking at the weld metal in multi-layer welding. So, we have developed an excellent welding technology for 36% Ni steel with a new welding consumable. In order to adopt 36% Ni steel to the cryogenic piping in LNG plant, comprehensive experiments to find out the properties such as mechanical properties, corrosion resistance, weldability, nondestructive inspection and thermal stress analysis were conducted. By using the results the appropriate welding procedures were established and 36% Ni steel was used for the Ohgishima LNG receiving terminal of Tokyo Gas Company.

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