Biomimetic Design of Lightweight Vehicle Structures Based on Animal Bone Properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 633 ◽  
pp. 3-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Rui ◽  
Aleksandar Subic ◽  
Monir Takla ◽  
Chun H. Wang ◽  
Anja Niehoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Biomimetic Design ◽  
Conventional Vehicle ◽  
Bone Properties ◽  
Bone Structures

This paper presents a comprehensive biomimetic design approach to developing novel load bearing lightweight vehicle structures inspired by the structural properties of animal bones. Lightweight vehicle structures developed in this way would have increased stiffness at significantly reduced weight. In this research, trabecular (cancellous) bone was analyzed at the metaphyses of four different species including rat, rabbit, chicken, and sheep. Three-dimensional models of bone structures were reconstructed from micro-CT scanned images using the computer aided design software Mimics. Force resistance and energy absorption properties of relevant bone structures subjected to quasi-static compression loads were investigated and analysed using the Finite Element (FE) method. Based on the obtained results, the paper discusses the effects of load directions, bone structure allocation and model thickness on the energy absorption and force resistance of the bone structures. The simulation results obtained in this research were compared to the results of conventional vehicle side intrusion bars.

scholarly journals Fully Automatic Knee Bone Detection and Segmentation on Three-Dimensional MRI

Diagnostics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Rania Almajalid ◽  
Ming Zhang ◽  
Juan Shan
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Training Data ◽  
3D Mri ◽  
Detection Model ◽  
Biological Images ◽  
Medical Sector ◽  
Fully Automatic ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Bone Structures

In the medical sector, three-dimensional (3D) images are commonly used like computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The 3D MRI is a non-invasive method of studying the soft-tissue structures in a knee joint for osteoarthritis studies. It can greatly improve the accuracy of segmenting structures such as cartilage, bone marrow lesion, and meniscus by identifying the bone structure first. U-net is a convolutional neural network that was originally designed to segment the biological images with limited training data. The input of the original U-net is a single 2D image and the output is a binary 2D image. In this study, we modified the U-net model to identify the knee bone structures using 3D MRI, which is a sequence of 2D slices. A fully automatic model has been proposed to detect and segment knee bones. The proposed model was trained, tested, and validated using 99 knee MRI cases where each case consists of 160 2D slices for a single knee scan. To evaluate the model’s performance, the similarity, dice coefficient (DICE), and area error metrics were calculated. Separate models were trained using different knee bone components including tibia, femur, patella, as well as a combined model for segmenting all the knee bones. Using the whole MRI sequence (160 slices), the method was able to detect the beginning and ending bone slices first, and then segment the bone structures for all the slices in between. On the testing set, the detection model accomplished 98.79% accuracy and the segmentation model achieved DICE 96.94% and similarity 93.98%. The proposed method outperforms several state-of-the-art methods, i.e., it outperforms U-net by 3.68%, SegNet by 14.45%, and FCN-8 by 2.34%, in terms of DICE score using the same dataset.

scholarly journals Numerical Investigation into In-Plane Crushing of Tube-Reinforced Damaged 5052 Aerospace Grade Aluminum Alloy Honeycomb Panels

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (17) ◽  
pp. 4992
Author(s):  
Younes Djemaoune ◽  
Branimir Krstic ◽  
Stefan Rasic ◽  
Daniel Radulovic ◽  
Marjan Dodic
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Compressive Load ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Performance Degradation ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Aluminum Honeycomb ◽  
Deformation Modes ◽  
Good Agreement

This paper aims to investigate the crashworthiness performance degradation of a damaged 5052 aluminum honeycomb panels under in-plane uniaxial quasi-static compression and the possibility of improving it using reinforcement tubes. The in-plane crushing behaviors and energy absorption capacities of the intact, damaged, and tube-reinforced damaged panels with different damage sizes in both X1 and X2 directions are numerically simulated by using the nonlinear FE method Abaqus/Explicit, and the crashworthiness performances are compared with each other. The validation of finite element model involves comparing the obtained simulation results with theoretical and experimental ones. Very good agreement between numerical, experimental, and theoretical results is achieved. The first maximum compressive load and the mean crushing load of the different honeycomb configurations are analyzed and compared through the load–strain curves. The energy absorption capacity of the damaged and the tube-reinforced damaged panels is calculated and then compared with their corresponding intact ones. The deformation modes are explained in detail. The obtained results show that the crashworthiness performance degradation is directly proportional to the damage size as well as the insertion of reinforcement tubes considerably improves in-plane crushing resistance of damaged honeycomb panels.

Multi-Scale Finite-Element Analysis as a Base for a 3D Computerized Virtual Biopsy System

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lev Podshivalov ◽  
Anath Fischer ◽  
Pinhas Z. Bar-Yoseph
Keyword(s):  
Bone Structure ◽  
Domain Decomposition Method ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Local Solution ◽  
Fe Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Trabecular Bone Tissue

This paper proposes a novel multi-scale approach for three-dimensional non-invasive analysis of 3d bone models reconstructed from μCT/μMRI images. The feasibility of the proposed method is demonstrated on 2D models representing a simple 2D trabecular bone tissue structure. First, a fundamental domain decomposition method is applied to solve these models. Then, a numerical zoom technique is utilized for local solution enhancement. The proposed new multi-scale FE method has the potential to provide new insights into bone structure and behavior as a component of a computerized virtual biopsy system.

scholarly journals Graphene-Reinforced Biodegradable Resin Composites for Stereolithographic 3D Printing of Bone Structure Scaffolds

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuying Feng ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Liang Hao ◽  
Yihu Yang ◽  
Tian Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Multistep Methods ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Resin Composites ◽  
Polyurethane Resin ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Reference Specimens ◽  
Bone Structures

A biodegradable UV-cured resin has been fabricated via stereolithography apparatus (SLA). The formulation consists of a commercial polyurethane resin as an oligomer, trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate (TEGDMA) as a reactive diluent and phenylbis (2, 4, 6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (Irgacure 819) as a photoinitiator. The tensile strength of the three-dimensional (3D) printed specimens is 68 MPa, 62% higher than that of the reference specimens (produced by direct casting). The flexural strength and modulus can reach 115 MPa and 5.8 GPa, respectively. A solvent-free method is applied to fabricate graphene-reinforced nanocomposite. Porous bone structures (a jawbone with a square architecture and a sternum with a round architecture) and gyroid scaffold of graphene-reinforced nanocomposite for bone tissue engineering have been 3D printed via SLA. The UV-crosslinkable graphene-reinforced biodegradable nanocomposite using SLA 3D printing technology can potentially remove important cost barriers for personalized biological tissue engineering as compared to the traditional mould-based multistep methods.

Compression behavior of three-dimensional printed polymer lattice structures

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (8) ◽  
pp. 1574-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Al Rifaie ◽  
Ahsan Mian ◽  
Raghavan Srinivasan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Lattice Structure ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Unit Cell ◽  
The Body ◽  
Basic Unit ◽  
Lattice Structures ◽  
Body Centered Cubic ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Compression Behavior

This paper focuses on the compression behavior of additively manufactured or three-dimensional printed polymer lattice structures of different configurations. The body-centered cubic lattice unit cell, which has been extensively investigated for energy absorption applications, is the starting point for this research. In this study, the lattice structure based on the body-centered cubic unit cell was modified by adding vertical struts in different arrangements to create three additional configurations. Four lattice structure designs were selected for comparison: the basic unit cell (body centered cubic), body centered cubic with vertical struts added to all nodes in the lattice, body centered cubic with vertical struts added to alternate nodes in the lattice, and body centered cubic with gradient in the number of vertical bars in the lattice. Samples of all four designs were prepared using acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene polymer by three-dimensional printing. The stiffness, failure loads, and energy absorption behaviors of all four configurations were determined under quasi-static compression loading. Specific properties were calculated by normalizing the test properties by the sample mass. It is observed from experimental data that selective placement of vertical support struts in the unit cell influences both the absolute and specific mechanical properties of lattice structures.

Fabrication of 3D Temperature Sensor Using Magnetostrictive Inkjet Printhead

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 50405-1-50405-5
Author(s):  
Young-Woo Park ◽  
Myounggyu Noh
Keyword(s):  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Computer Aided Design ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Drop On Demand ◽  
Aided Design ◽  
Nanoparticle Ink ◽  
Inkjet Printhead

Abstract Recently, the three-dimensional (3D) printing technique has attracted much attention for creating objects of arbitrary shape and manufacturing. For the first time, in this work, we present the fabrication of an inkjet printed low-cost 3D temperature sensor on a 3D-shaped thermoplastic substrate suitable for packaging, flexible electronics, and other printed applications. The design, fabrication, and testing of a 3D printed temperature sensor are presented. The sensor pattern is designed using a computer-aided design program and fabricated by drop-on-demand inkjet printing using a magnetostrictive inkjet printhead at room temperature. The sensor pattern is printed using commercially available conductive silver nanoparticle ink. A moving speed of 90 mm/min is chosen to print the sensor pattern. The inkjet printed temperature sensor is demonstrated, and it is characterized by good electrical properties, exhibiting good sensitivity and linearity. The results indicate that 3D inkjet printing technology may have great potential for applications in sensor fabrication.

Out-of-plane static compression and energy absorption of paper hierarchical corrugation sandwich panels

2021 ◽  
pp. 030932472110085
Author(s):  
Huineng Wang ◽  
Yanfeng Guo ◽  
Yungang Fu ◽  
Dan Li
Keyword(s):  
Yield Strength ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Sandwich Panel ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Compression Rate ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
First Order ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Analytical Approaches

This study introduces the opinion of the corrugation hierarchy to develop the second-order corrugation paperboard, and explore the deformation characteristics, yield strength, and energy absorbing capacity under out-of-plane static evenly compression loading by experimental and analytical approaches. On the basis of the inclined-straight strut elements of corrugation unit and plastic hinge lines, the yield and crushing strengths of corrugation unit were analyzed. This study shows that as the compressive stress increases, the second-order corrugation core layer is firstly crushed, and the first-order corrugation structures gradually compacted until the failure of entire structure. The corrugation type has an obvious influence on the yield strength of the corrugation sandwich panel, and the yield strength of B-flute corrugation sandwich panel is wholly higher than that of the C-flute structure. At the same compression rate, the flute type has a significant impact on energy absorption, and the C-flute second-order corrugation sandwich panel has better bearing capacity than the B-flute structure. The second-order corrugation sandwich panel has a better bearing capacity than the first-order structure. The static compression rate has little effect on the yield strength and deformation mode. However, with the increase of the static compression rate, the corrugation sandwich panel has a better cushioning energy absorption and material utilization rate.

Surgical considerations during cochlear implantation: the utility of temporal bone computed tomography

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Beomcho Jun ◽  
Sunwha Song
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Temporal Bone ◽  
Cochlear Implantation ◽  
Round Window ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Electrode Placement ◽  
Posterior Tympanotomy ◽  
Electrode Insertion ◽  
Window Approach ◽  
Bone Structures

Abstract Objective This paper describes the construction of portals for electrode placement during cochlear implantation and emphasises the utility of pre-operative temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography. Methods Temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography was used to plan portal creation for electrode insertion. Results Pre-operative temporal bone three-dimensional computed tomography can be used to determine the orientation of temporal bone structures, which is important for mastoidectomy, posterior tympanotomy and cochleostomy, and when using the round window approach. Conclusion It is essential to create appropriate portals (from the mastoid cortex to the cochlea) in a step-by-step manner, to ensure the safe insertion of electrodes into the scala tympani. Pre-operative three-dimensional temporal bone computed tomography is invaluable in this respect.

Experimental and numerical studies on failure and energy absorption of composite thin-walled square tubes under quasi-static compression loading

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 623-634
Author(s):  
Haolei Mou ◽  
Zhenyu Feng ◽  
Jiang Xie ◽  
Jun Zou ◽  
Kun Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Shell Model ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Criterion ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Compression Loading ◽  
Thin Walled ◽  
Simulation Results

AbstractTo analysis the failure and energy absorption of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) thin-walled square tube, the quasi-static axial compression loading tests are conducted for [±45]3s square tube, and the square tube after test is scanned to further investigate the failure mechanism. Three different finite element models, i.e. single-layer shell model, multi-layer shell model and stacked shell mode, are developed by using the Puck 2000 matrix failure criterion and Yamada Sun fiber failure criterion, and three models are verified and compared according to the experimental energy absorption metrics. The experimental and simulation results show that the failure mode of [±45]3s square tube is the local buckling failure mode, and the energy are absorbed mainly by intralaminar and interlaminar delamination, fiber elastic deformation, fiber debonding and fracture, matrix deformation cracking and longitudinal crack propagation. Three different finite element models can reproduce the collapse behaviours of [±45]3s square tube to some extent, but the stacked shell model can better reproduce the failure mode, and the difference of specific energy absorption (SEA) is minimum, which shows the numerical simulation results are in better agreement with the test results.

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