Study on the Ecological Environmental Conditions of Truffle with Analysis of Biomaterials

2013 ◽  
Vol 648 ◽  
pp. 389-393
Author(s):  
Shang Qin Hu ◽  
Xin Yang ◽  
Wei Wei ◽  
Xia Guo
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Truffle Cultivation ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Mycelium Biomass

In order to clarify the initial growth of the truffle environmental conditions, the use of PDA plus rich liquid medium, shaking method, its growth temperature, pH, humidity, moisture, illumination and the several other ecological factors is tested. The results show that the optimum temperature of the growth stage is 22-24 °C,Mycelium biomass is 1.45-1.56 g•L-1 .but the latter part of truffle formation temperature can be appropriately higher, at 25-30 °C, which is consistent with the natural temperature. PH at 6.8-7.5 in conditions is comparetively suitable for truffle growth , Mycelium biomass is 1.57-1.58 g•L-1,but alsobetter in the slightiy alkaline conditions than in the acidic environment ,which is different from the other fungi.It is suitable for its growth at about 35% moisture content and humidity of 80-85% mycelium growth is 90.1% , too much water is not conducive to truffle growth and development, so the truffle needs to loose and slightly moist soil in the growth and development. Truffle needs not too much illumination a day, 2h scattering light is enough, mycelium growth is88.7%, too long ilumination , especially in direct sunlight is not conducive to truffle growth. . And citric acid and glucose as the carbon sources, urea and tartaric acid as the nitrogen sources, the amenit of truffle growth, is respectively2.92 g•L-1、2.61 g•L-1，2.35g•L-1、2.26 g•L-1. This further research on the development as well as artificial truffle cultivation provides a theoretical reference.

scholarly journals Influence of Environmental Conditions on the Production of Phenazine-1-Carboxamide by Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 557-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Tjeerd van Rij ◽  
Monique Wesselink ◽  
Thomas F. C. Chin-A-Woeng ◽  
Guido V. Bloemberg ◽  
Ben J. J. Lugtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Fusaric Acid ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Strain Identification ◽  
Pseudomonas Chlororaphis ◽  
Low Magnesium ◽  
Low Concentrations

Pseudomonas chlororaphis PCL1391 produces the secondary metabolite phenazine-1-carboxamide (PCN), which is an antifungal metabolite required for biocontrol activity of the strain. Identification of conditions involved in PCN production showed that some carbon sources and all amino acids tested promote PCN levels. Decreasing the pH from 7 to 6 or decreasing the growth temperature from 21 to 16°C decreased PCN production dramatically. In contrast, growth at 1% oxygen as well as low magnesium concentrations increased PCN levels. Salt stress, low concentrations of ferric iron, phosphate, sulfate, and ammonium ions reduced PCN levels. Fusaric acid, a secondary metabolite produced by the soilborne Fusarium spp. fungi, also reduced PCN levels. Different nitrogen sources greatly influenced PCN levels. Analysis of autoinducer levels at conditions of high and low PCN production demonstrated that, under all tested conditions, PCN levels correlate with autoinducer levels, indicating that the regulation of PCN production by environmental factors takes place at or before autoinducer production. Moreover, the results show that autoinducer production not only is induced by a high optical density but also can be induced by certain environmental conditions. We discuss our findings in relation to the success of biocontrol in the field.

scholarly journals Bacterial Degradation of Cyanide and Its Metal Complexes under Alkaline Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 940-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Víctor M. Luque-Almagro ◽  
María-J. Huertas ◽  
Manuel Martínez-Luque ◽  
Conrado Moreno-Vivián ◽  
M. Dolores Roldán ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Bacterial Degradation ◽  
16S Rna ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Cyanide Degradation

ABSTRACT A bacterial strain able to use cyanide as the sole nitrogen source under alkaline conditions has been isolated. The bacterium was classified as Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes by comparison of its 16S RNA gene sequence to those of existing strains and deposited in the Colección Española de Cultivos Tipo (Spanish Type Culture Collection) as strain CECT5344. Cyanide consumption is an assimilative process, since (i) bacterial growth was concomitant and proportional to cyanide degradation and (ii) the bacterium stoichiometrically converted cyanide into ammonium in the presence of l-methionine-d,l-sulfoximine, a glutamine synthetase inhibitor. The bacterium was able to grow in alkaline media, up to an initial pH of 11.5, and tolerated free cyanide in concentrations of up to 30 mM, which makes it a good candidate for the biological treatment of cyanide-contaminated residues. Both acetate and d,l-malate were suitable carbon sources for cyanotrophic growth, but no growth was detected in media with cyanide as the sole carbon source. In addition to cyanide, P. pseudoalcaligenes CECT5344 used other nitrogen sources, namely ammonium, nitrate, cyanate, cyanoacetamide, nitroferricyanide (nitroprusside), and a variety of cyanide-metal complexes. Cyanide and ammonium were assimilated simultaneously, whereas cyanide strongly inhibited nitrate and nitrite assimilation. Cyanase activity was induced during growth with cyanide or cyanate, but not with ammonium or nitrate as the nitrogen source. This result suggests that cyanate could be an intermediate in the cyanide degradation pathway, but alternative routes cannot be excluded.

Evaluation of the growth and sporulation of different entomopathogenic fungi in different liquid and solid media at varied concentrations

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 5459
Author(s):  
Chandra Teja K. ◽  
Rahman S. J.
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Virulent Strain ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nutritional Requirements ◽  
Virulent Strains

Entomopathogenic fungi like Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Lecanicillium lecanii are used in biological control of agricultural insect pests. Their specific mode of action makes them an effective alternative to the chemical Insecticides. Virulent strains of Entomopathogenic fungi are effectively formulated and used as bio-insecticides world-wide. Amenable and economical multiplication of a virulent strain in a large scale is important for them to be useful in the field. Culture media plays a major role in the large-scale multiplication of virulent strains of Entomopathogens. Different substrates and media components are being used for this purpose. Yet, each strain differs in its nutritional requirements for the maximum growth and hence it is necessary to standardize the right components and their optimum concentrations in the culture media for a given strain of Entomopathogen. In the current study, three different nitrogen sources and two different carbon sources were tried to standardize the mass multiplication media for seven test isolates of Entomopathogenic fungi. A study was also conducted to determine the ideal grain media for the optimum conidial yields of the test isolates. Yeast extract was found to be the best Nitrogen source for the isolates. The isolates tested, differed in their nutritional requirements and showed variation in the best nitrogen and carbon sources necessary for their growth. Variation was also found in the optimum concentration of both the ingredients for the growth and sporulation of the isolates. In the solid-state fermentation study, rice was found to be the best grain for the growth of most of the fungi followed by barley. The significance of such a study in the development of an effective Myco-insecticide is vital and can be successfully employed in agriculture is discussed.

scholarly journals Studies on the Role of the are a Gene in the Regulation of Nitrogen Catabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Specific Activities

Mutants of Apergillus nidulanswith lesions in a gene, areA (formerly called amdT), have been isolated by a variety of different selection methods. The areA mutants show a range of pleiotropic growth responses to a number of compounds as sole nitrogen sources, but are normal in utilization of carbon sources. The levels of two amidase enzymes as well as urease have been investigated in the mutants and have been shown to be affected by this gene. Most of the areA mutants have much lower amidase-specific activities when grown in ammonium-containing medium, compared with mycelium incubated in medium la9king a nitrogen source. Some of the areA. mutants do not show derepression of urease upon relief of ammonium repression. The dominance relationships of areA alleles have been investigated in� heterozygous diploids, and these studies lend support to the proposal that areA codes for a positively acting regulatory product. One of the new areA alleles is partially dominant to areA + and areA102. This may be a result of negative complementation or indicate that areA has an additional negative reiuIatory function. Investigation.of various amdR; areA double mutants has led to the conclusion that amdR and areA participate in independent regulatory circuits in the control of acetamide utilizatiol1. Studies on an amdRc; areA.double mutant indicate that areA is involved in derepression of acetamidase upon relief of ammo.nium repression.

scholarly journals Identification of Listeria monocytogenes Genes Contributing to Intracellular Replication by Expression Profiling and Mutant Screening

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (2) ◽  
pp. 556-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biju Joseph ◽  
Karin Przybilla ◽  
Claudia Stühler ◽  
Kristina Schauer ◽  
Jörg Slaghuis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Stress Proteins ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Brain Heart Infusion ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Pentose Phosphate ◽  
Intracellular Growth ◽  
Cell Infection ◽  
Phosphotransferase System ◽  
Isoleucine Leucine

ABSTRACT A successful transition of Listeria monocytogenes from the extracellular to the intracellular environment requires a precise adaptation response to conditions encountered in the host milieu. Although many key steps in the intracellular lifestyle of this gram-positive pathogen are well characterized, our knowledge about the factors required for cytosolic proliferation is still rather limited. We used DNA microarray and real-time reverse transcriptase PCR analyses to investigate the transcriptional profile of intracellular L. monocytogenes following epithelial cell infection. Approximately 19% of the genes were differentially expressed by at least 1.6-fold relative to their level of transcription when grown in brain heart infusion medium, including genes encoding transporter proteins essential for the uptake of carbon and nitrogen sources, factors involved in anabolic pathways, stress proteins, transcriptional regulators, and proteins of unknown function. To validate the biological relevance of the intracellular gene expression profile, a random mutant library of L. monocytogenes was constructed by insertion-duplication mutagenesis and screened for intracellular-growth-deficient strains. By interfacing the results of both approaches, we provide evidence that L. monocytogenes can use alternative carbon sources like phosphorylated glucose and glycerol and nitrogen sources like ethanolamine during replication in epithelial cells and that the pentose phosphate cycle, but not glycolysis, is the predominant pathway of sugar metabolism in the host environment. Additionally, we show that the synthesis of arginine, isoleucine, leucine, and valine, as well as a species-specific phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system, play a major role in the intracellular growth of L. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals Initial growth and development of southern sandbur based on thermal units

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.C.R. Machado ◽  
R.S.O. Lima ◽  
A.P.P. Silva ◽  
B.S. Marques ◽  
M.F. Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Agricultural Systems ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Best Fit

Availability of basic information on weed biology is an essential tool for designing integrated management programs for agricultural systems. Thus, this study was carried out in order to calculate the base temperature (Tb) of southern sandbur (Cenchrus echinatus), as well as fit the initial growth and development of the species to accumulated thermal units (growing degree days - GDD). For that purpose, experimental populations were sown six times in summer/autumn conditions (decreasing photoperiod) and six times in winter/spring condition (increasing photoperiod). Southern sandbur phenological evaluations were carried out, on alternate days, and total dry matter was measured when plants reached the flowering stage. All the growth and development fits were performed based on thermal units by assessing five base temperatures, as well as the absence of it. Southern sandbur development was best fit with Tb = 12 ºC, with equation y = 0,0993x, where y is the scale of phenological stage and x is the GDD. On average, flowering was reached at 518 GDD. Southern sandbur phenology may be predicted by using mathematical models based on accumulated thermal units, adopting Tb = 12 ºC. However, other environmental variables may also interfere with species development, particularly photoperiod.

scholarly journals Factorial Design to Optimize Biosurfactant Production byYarrowia lipolytica

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gizele Cardoso Fontes ◽  
Priscilla Filomena Fonseca Amaral ◽  
Marcio Nele ◽  
Maria Alice Zarur Coelho
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Yeast Extract ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Biosurfactant Production ◽  
Standard Process ◽  
Emulsification Index ◽  
Full Factorial

In order to improve biosurfactant production byYarrowia lipolyticaIMUFRJ 50682, a factorial design was carried out. A24full factorial design was used to investigate the effects of nitrogen sources (urea, ammonium sulfate, yeast extract, and peptone) on maximum variation of surface tension (ΔST) and emulsification index (EI). The best results (67.7% of EI and 20.9 mNm−1ofΔST) were obtained in a medium composed of 10 g 1−1of ammonium sulfate and 0.5 g 1−1of yeast extract. Then, the effects of carbon sources (glycerol, hexadecane, olive oil, and glucose) were evaluated. The most favorable medium for biosurfactant production was composed of both glucose (4% w/v) and glycerol (2% w/v), which provided an EI of 81.3% and aΔST of 19.5 mN m−1. The experimental design optimization enhancedΔEI by 110.7% andΔST by 108.1% in relation to the standard process.

scholarly journals Insight into phenotypic and genotypic differences between vaginal Lactobacillus crispatus BC5 and Lactobacillus gasseri BC12 to unravel nutritional and stress factors influencing their metabolic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Emidio Costantini ◽  
Andrea Firrincieli ◽  
Stefano Fedi ◽  
Carola Parolin ◽  
Carlo Viti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Genotypic Differences ◽  
Phenotype Microarray ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Phenotypic Profile ◽  
Link Type

The vaginal microbiota, normally characterized by lactobacilli presence, is crucial for vaginal health. Members belonging to L. crispatus and L. gasseri species exert crucial protective functions against pathogens, although a total comprehension of factors that influence their dominance in healthy women is still lacking. Here we investigated the complete genome sequence and comprehensive phenotypic profile of L. crispatus strain BC5 and L. gasseri strain BC12, two vaginal strains featured by anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities. Phenotype microarray (PM) results revealed an improved capacity of BC5 to utilize different carbon sources as compared to BC12, although some specific carbon sources that can be associated to the human diet were only metabolized by BC12, i.e. uridine, amygdalin, tagatose. Additionally, the two strains were mostly distinct in the capacity to utilize the nitrogen sources under analysis. On the other hand, BC12 showed tolerance/resistance towards twice the number of stressors (i.e. antibiotics, toxic metals etc.) with respect to BC5. The divergent phenotypes observed in PM were supported by the identification in either BC5 or BC12 of specific genetic determinants that were found to be part of the core genome of each species. The PM results in combination with comparative genome data provide insights into the possible environmental factors and genetic traits supporting the predominance of either L. crispatus BC5 or L. gasseri BC12 in the vaginal niche, giving also indications for metabolic predictions at the species level.

scholarly journals Strip-till technology - a method for uniformity in the emergence and plant growth of winter rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) in different environmental conditions of Northern Poland

2018 ◽  
pp. 194-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Jaskulska ◽  
Lech Gałęzewski ◽  
Mariusz Piekarczyk ◽  
Dariusz Jaskulski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Initial Development ◽  
Winter Rapeseed

The emergence of plants is especially important for the winter crops that are grown in the challenging environmental conditions of many countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The emergence and initial growth of winter rapeseed were compared in field trials in a randomized block design with three replicates for plants sown in conventional tillage systems (CT) and strip-till (ST), which had different weather conditions and on soil with a non-uniform texture over a period of two years. Sowing in the CT was carried out using Horsch Pronto 4DC (Germany) at a row distance of 0.29 m. The ST operations were performed using a Pro-Til 4T drill manufactured by Mzuri Limited (Great Britain) - row spacing of 0.36 m. In favourable rainfall and thermal conditions, the density of winter rapeseed plants two weeks after sowing was found to be higher if it was sown after the CT than in the ST system. In the year that had a serious shortage of rainfall during the sowing period, a considerably higher density of plants was achieved using the ST system. The uniformity of plant growth using the ST technology in soil with a varied texture, especially in a year with an unfavourable distribution of rainfall, was proven by less variability in the number of leaves in the rosette, in the dry mass of the leaf rosette and in the root neck thickness of the winter rapeseed than in the CT system. The ST system can create good conditions for the initial development and preparation of rapeseed plants for wintering.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document