A Study on Hydrogen Sulphide as Potential Tracer in Landfill Gas Monitoring

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 189-193
Author(s):  
Tengku Nuraiti Tengku Izhar ◽  
Zaity Syazwani Mohd Odli ◽  
Irnis Azura Zakarya ◽  
Farah Naemah Mohd Saad ◽  
Norlia Mohamad Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Sulphide ◽  
Landfill Gas ◽  
Landfill Site ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Conversion ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
H2s Emission ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills are one of the major source of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) which is the offensive odours potentially creating annoyance in adjacent communities. This project focuses on H2S emission from landfills in Perlis, Malaysia. Landfill gas (LFG) samples were collected and analyzed accordance with NIOSH method 6013. The mean concentrations of H2S in Kuala Perlis Landfill and Padang Siding Landfill are 210.68 ppm and 242.85 ppm respectively. High concentrations of H2S may be a concern for employees working on the landfill site. These results indicate that workers should use proper personal protection at landfill when involved in excavation, landfill gas collection, and refuse compaction. The formation of H2S most likely to be contributed by the biological conversion of sulfate from gypsum-rich soils and landfill wastewater treatment sludges by sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) which can utilize dissolved sulfate as an electron acceptor. H2S is conveniently detected by hand held analyzer, such Jerome meter, landfill gas analyzer. In the organic range, in the ease of detection range in the dispersion rate within the landfill site, the monitored H2S gas form a very noticeable concentration with the travelling wind direction. It proved that the dispersion rate of H2S are suitable as tracer to detect route of travelling in a certain distance.

Biological Mechanisms of H2S Formation in Sewer Pipes

1992 ◽  
Vol 26 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 907-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Attal ◽  
M. Brigodiot ◽  
P. Camacho ◽  
J. Manem
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Solid ◽  
Urban Wastewater ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Sewer Pipes ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Biological Phenomena ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The purpose of this study is to gain a better understanding of the biological phenomena involved in the production of hydrogen sulfide in urban wastewater (UWW) systems. It is found that the UWW itself naturally possesses the biomass needed to consume the sulfates. These heterotrophic sulfate-reducing bacteria populations, though immediately active in strict anaerobic conditions, are present only in very low concentrations in the UWW. A concentration of them was studied within the pressure pipes, in the form of deposits, and this justifies the high concentrations of sulfides measured in certain wastewater networks. There are two reasons why the ferrous sulfate used as a treatment in any wastewater networks should not cause the production of additional sulfides. Firstly, the sulfate consumption kinetics are always too slow, relative to the residence time of the water in the pipe, for all of the sulfates to be consumed anyway. Secondly, the amount of assimilable carbon, soluble carbon, and carbon from suspended solid (SS) hydrolysis is insufficient.

scholarly journals Microbial Diversity of Bacteria Involved in Biomineralization Processes in Mine-Impacted Freshwaters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrizia Paganin ◽  
Chiara Alisi ◽  
Elisabetta Dore ◽  
Dario Fancello ◽  
Pier Andrea Marras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Precipitation Process ◽  
Mine Waters ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Geochemical Analyses ◽  
Enriched Cultures ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Ngs ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

In order to increase the knowledge about geo-bio interactions in extreme metal-polluted mine waters, we combined microbiological, mineralogical, and geochemical analyses to study the indigenous sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) involved in the heavy metal (HM) biomineralization processes occurring in Iglesiente and Arburese districts (SW Sardinia, Italy). Anaerobic cultures from sediments of two different mining-affected streams of this regional framework were enriched and analyzed by 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) technique, showing sequences closely related to SRB classified in taxa typical of environments with high concentrations of metals (Desulfovibrionaceae, Desulfosporosinus). Nevertheless, the most abundant genera found in our samples did not belong to the traditional SRB groups (i.e., Rahnella, Acinetobacter). The bio-precipitation process mediated by these selected cultures was assessed by anaerobic batch tests performed with polluted river water showing a dramatic (more than 97%) Zn decrease. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis revealed the occurrence of Zn sulfide with tubular morphology, suggesting a bacteria-mediated bio-precipitation. The inocula represent two distinct communities of microorganisms, each adapted to peculiar environmental conditions. However, both the communities were able to use pollutants in their metabolism and tolerating HMs by detoxification mechanisms. The Zn precipitation mediated by the different enriched cultures suggests that SRB inocula selected in this study have great potentialities for the development of biotechnological techniques to reduce contaminant dispersion and for metal recovery.

Anaerobic Treatment of Viscose Wastewater

1985 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 231-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Kroiss ◽  
F Plahl-Wabnegg ◽  
K Svardal
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Organic Pollution ◽  
Anaerobic Treatment ◽  
Carbonaceous Matter ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Zinc Removal ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The waste water from the viscose production process can be characterized as follows: low to medium strength of biodegradable carbonaceous matter, high concentrations of sulfate, high concentrations of zinc. The treatment process to be presented consists of anaerobic pre-treatment of the neutralized waste water combining the removal of carbonaceous matter with zinc removal by sulfide precipitation. The organic pollution of the waste water is used as a substrate for sulfate reducing bacteria present in the anaerobic reactor. The hydrogen sulfide produced precipitates the zinc as insoluble zinc sulfide. Labscale experiments lasting several months resulted in stable zinc effluent concentrations below 1 mg/l combined with a COD removal of about 40 - 50 %.

scholarly journals Damming Induced Natural Attenuation of Hydrothermal Waters by Runoff Freshwater Dilution and Sediment Biogeochemical Transformations (Sochagota Lake, Colombia)

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 3445
Author(s):  
Gabriel Ricardo Cifuentes ◽  
Rosario Jiménez-Espinosa ◽  
Claudia Patricia Quevedo ◽  
Juan Jiménez-Millán
Keyword(s):  
Natural Attenuation ◽  
Volcanic Area ◽  
Iron Sulfides ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Biogeochemical Transformations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Basin Area ◽  
Mixed Water

The volcanic area of the Paipa system (Boyacá, Colombia) contains a magmatic heat source and deep fractures that help the flow of hot and highly mineralized waters, which are further combined with cold superficial inputs. This mixed water recharges the Salitre River and downstream feeding Sochagota Lake. The incoming water can contribute to substantial increases in hydrothermal SO42−-Na water in the water of the Salitre River basin area, raising the salinity. An additional hydrogeochemical process occurs in the mix with cold Fe-rich water from alluvial and surficial aquifers. This salinized Fe-rich water feeds the Sochagota Lake, although the impact of freshwaters from rain on the hydrochemistry of the Sochagota Lake is significant. A series of hydrogeochemical, biogeochemical, and mineralogical processes occur inside the lake. The aim of this work was to study the influence of damming in the Sochagota Lake, which acts as a natural attenuation of contaminants such as high concentrations of metals and salty elements coming from the Salitre River. Damming in the Sochagota Lake is considered to be an effective strategy for attenuating highly mineralized waters. The concentrations of dissolved elements were attenuated significantly. Dilution by rainfall runoff and precipitation of iron sulfides mediated by sulfate-reducing bacteria in deposits rich in organic material were the main processes involved in the attenuation of concentrations of SO42−, Fe, As Cu, and Co in the lake water. Furthermore, the K-consuming illitization processes occurring in the sediments could favor the decrease in K and Al.

scholarly journals Metabolic activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria from rodents with colitis

Open Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jozef Kováč ◽  
Monika Vítězová ◽  
Ivan Kushkevych
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Dissimilatory Sulfate Reduction ◽  
Healthy Human ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

AbstractSulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) are anaerobic microorganisms, which use sulfate as an electron acceptor in the process of dissimilatory sulfate reduction. The final metabolic product of these anaerobic microorganisms is hydrogen sulfide, which is known as toxic and can lead to damage to epithelial cells of the large intestine at high concentrations. Different genera of SRB are detected in the large intestine of healthy human and animals, and with diseases like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis. SRB isolated from rodents with ulcerative colitis have produced 1.14 (mice) and 1.03 (rats) times more sulfide ions than healthy rodents. The species ofDesulfovibriogenus are the most widespread among all SRB in the intestine. The object of our research was to observe and compare the difference of production of sulfide and reduction of sulfate in intestinal SRB isolated from healthy rodents and rodents with ulcerative colitis.

scholarly journals Study of biodegradation of Poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT) by maritime microorganisms from the Atlhantic Coast of Recife-PE (Brazil)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. e164101724579
Author(s):  
Lhaira Souza Barreto ◽  
Erika Emanuele Gomes da Silva ◽  
Mariana Alves Henrique ◽  
Josiane Dantas Viana Barbosa ◽  
Sara Horácio de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Static System ◽  
Covalent Bonds ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Groups

Biodegradable polymers undergo a degradation process resulting from the action of microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi and algae. Poly(butylene adipate co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is considered a biodegradable synthetic polymer, even if its degradation has been confirmed under industrial composting conditions, the investigation of its degradation in the marine environment is still limited. Therefore, this work aims to study the biodegradation in the marine environment, of the biodegradable polymer (PBAT), and for that, it was submerged in a static system, using seawater from the coastal region of Pernambuco/Brazil as a fluid. The samples were studied by chemical, thermal and microbiological analyses, after 7, 14, 30, 90, 120 and 180 days of immersion. Microbiological analyzes indicated that aerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AHB), anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria (AnHB) and iron precipitating bacteria (IPB) were quantified in the system at all times at high concentrations, with the exception of Sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB), fungi and Pseudomonas that showed lower concentrations compared to other bacterial groups. Biodegradation was observed by the percentage of mass loss of approximately 2.25%. In the DSC, the expansion of melting peaks after exposure to the marine environment was noted, while the TGA did not show changes in the curve trends. The FTIR showed that no new band appeared, nor displacement, since the vibrations of the covalent bonds of the groups are present regardless of the biodegradation. Indicating that no significant microbiological degradation of PBAT was observed.

scholarly journals Enhanced biotreatment of acid mine drainage in the presence of zero-valent iron and zero-valent copper

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaobing Hu ◽  
Biaosheng Lin ◽  
Fengqing Gao
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Acid Mine Drainage ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Acid Mine ◽  
Bimetallic System ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Favorable Conditions ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

Abstract Batch laboratorial experiments were conducted to evaluate the potential of Fe0, Cu0 and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) for reduction and removal of sulfate and heavy metals from synthetic acid mine drainage. The variation in solution pH indicates that the Fe0/Cu0 bimetallic system provided favorable conditions for SRB growth and sulfate reduction. When the SO42− concentration of wastewater was 3,000 mg/L, the SO42− removal efficiency was 51.6% for the SRB system, 76.3% for the Fe + SRB system, and 92.0% for the Fe/Cu + SRB system. Moreover, Pb2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were completely removed. The results demonstrate that the Fe/Cu + SRB system had apparent advantages over the SRB system, especially at low pH. This study demonstrates that an Fe/Cu + SRB system could be a promising technology for treating wastewater containing high concentrations of sulfate and heavy metals.

Studies of the oestrous cycle, oestrus and pregnancy in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus)

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
SD Johnston ◽  
MR McGowan ◽  
P O'Callaghan ◽  
R Cox ◽  
V Nicolson
Keyword(s):  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
External Genitalia ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Phascolarctos Cinereus ◽  
Pregnant Females ◽  
Peripheral Plasma ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

As an integral part of the development of an artificial insemination programme in the captive koala, female reproductive physiology and behaviour were studied. The oestrous cycle in non-mated and mated koalas was characterized by means of behavioural oestrus, morphology of external genitalia and changes in the peripheral plasma concentrations of oestradiol and progestogen. The mean (+/- SEM) duration of the non-mated oestrous cycle and duration of oestrus in 12 koalas was 32.9 +/- 1.1 (n = 22) and 10.3 +/- 0.9 (n = 24) days, respectively. Although the commencement of oestrous behaviour was associated with increasing or high concentrations of oestradiol, there were no consistent changes in the morphology or appearance of the clitoris, pericloacal region, pouch or mammary teats that could be used to characterize the non-mated cycle. As progestogen concentrations remained at basal values throughout the interoestrous period, non-mated cycles were considered non-luteal and presumed anovulatory. After mating of the 12 koalas, six females gave birth with a mean (+/- SEM) gestation of 34.8 +/- 0.3 days, whereas the remaining six non-parturient females returned to oestrus 49.5 +/- 1. 0 days later. After mating, oestrous behaviour ceased and the progestogen profile showed a significant increase in both pregnant and non-parturient females, indicating that a luteal phase had been induced by the physical act of mating. Progestogen concentrations throughout the luteal phase of the pregnant females were significantly higher than those of non-parturient females. Parturition was associated with a decreasing concentration of progestogen, which was increased above that of basal concentrations until 7 days post partum.

Specificity of Lectins Labeled with Colloidal Gold to the Exopolymeric Matrix Carbohydrates of the Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Biofilm Formed on Steel

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
D.R. Abdulina ◽  
◽  
L.M. Purish ◽  
G.O. Iutynska ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Colloidal Gold ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Sulfate Reducing Bacteria ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Sulfate Reducing ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Reducing Bacteria

The studies of the carbohydrate composition of the sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) biofilms formed on the steel surface, which are a factor of microbial corrosion, are significant. Since exopolymers synthesized by bacteria could activate corrosive processes. The aim of the study was to investigate the specificity of commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold to carbohydrates in the biofilm exopolymeric matrix produced by the corrosive-relevant SRB strains from man-caused ecotopes. Methods. Microbiological methods (obtaining of the SRB biofilms during cultivation in liquid Postgate B media under microaerophilic conditions), biochemical methods (lectin-binding analysis of 10 commercial lectins, labeled with colloidal gold), transmission electron microscopy using JEM-1400 JEOL. Results. It was shown using transmission electron microscopy that the binding of lectins with carbohydrates in the biofilm of the studied SRB strains occurred directly in the exopolymerіс matrix, as well as on the surfaces of bacterial cells, as seen by the presence of colloidal gold particles. For detection of the neutral carbohydrates (D-glucose and D-mannose) in the biofilm of almost all studied bacterial strains PSA lectin was the most specific. This lectin binding in biofilms of Desulfotomaculum sp. К1/3 and Desulfovibrio sp. 10 strains was higher in 90.8% and 94.4%, respectively, then for ConA lectin. The presence of fucose in the SRB biofilms was detected using LABA lectin, that showed specificity to the biofilm EPS of all the studied strains. LBA lectin was the most specific to N-аcetyl-D-galactosamine for determination of amino sugars in the biofilm. The amount of this lectin binding in D. vulgaris DSM644 biofilm was 30.3, 10.1 and 9.3 times higher than SBA, SNA and PNA lectins, respectively. STA, LVA and WGA lectins were used to detect the N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and sialic acid in the biofilm. WGA lectin showed specificity to N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the biofilm of all the studied SRB; maximum number of bounded colloidal gold particles (175 particles/μm2) was found in the Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 biofilm. STA lectin was interacted most actively with N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in Desulfotomaculum sp. TC3 and Desulfomicrobium sp. TC4 biofilms. The number of bounded colloidal gold particles was in 9.2 and 7.4 times higher, respectively, than using LVA lectin. The lowest binding of colloidal gold particles was observed for LVA lectin. Conclusions. It was identified the individual specificity of the 10 commercial lectins to the carbohydrates of biofilm matrix on the steel surface, produced by SRB. It was estimated that lectins with identical carbohydrates specificity had variation in binding to the biofilm carbohydrates of different SRB strains. Establishing of the lectin range selected for each culture lead to the reduction of the scope of studies and labor time in the researching of the peculiarities of exopolymeric matrix composition of biofilms formed by corrosiverelevant SRB.

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