The Effect of Light on the Growth and Product Accumulation of Chlorella

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 323-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Lin Lu ◽  
Ming Xi Li ◽  
Liang Qi
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Illumination Time ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Bg11 Medium ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Product Accumulation

Microalgae are microscopic heterotrophicautotrophic photosynthesizing organisms with enormous potential as a source of biofuel. In the masses of biomasses, microalgae has the advantages of high lipid, large biomass, short growth cycle and easy cultivation and with microalgae as the raw material. Light condition is crucial to cultivation of microalgae.In this paper, the microalgae strain ofChlorella sp.was supplied in BG11 medium, and Cultivation optimization were experimented. The results were showed that growth of chlorella was associated with a saturated light intensity, light intensity which was suitable for the growth of chlorella was 2000Lux. Growth of chlorella required an appropriate light-dark alternation to facilitate matching of photoreaction of photosynthetic process with dark reaction of photosynthetic, appropriate light-dark photoperiod of illumination time which was suitable for the growth of chlorella was 12:12.

Effects of Temperature on the Growth and Product Accumulation of Chlorella sp.

2013 ◽  
Vol 712-715 ◽  
pp. 428-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bi Lin Lu ◽  
Liang Qi ◽  
Ming Xi Li
Keyword(s):  
Energy Security ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Accumulation Process ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Bg11 Medium ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Product Accumulation ◽  
Global Growth

In recent years, the use of liquid biofuels in the transport sector has shown rapid global growth, driven mostly by policies focused on achievement of energy security, and mitigation of GHG emissions. Microalgae, as biomass, are a potential source of renewable energy, and they can be converted into energy such as biofuel oil and gas.In this paper, the microalgae strain of Chlorella sp. was supplied in BG11 medium, and Cultivation optimization were experimented. The results were showed that temperature was an important factor which could influence growth and accumulation of secondary metabolite in the cell from accumulation process of biological products, temperature which was suitable for the growth of chlorella was 25°C.

scholarly journals PENGEMBANGAN TEKNIK KULTIVASI Spirulina sp. SEBAGAI SUMBER BIOMASSA ENERGI TERBARUKAN DALAM FOTOBIOREAKTOR AIRLIFT

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
Fifin Hindarti ◽  
Endah Ayuningtyas
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
Cultivation Technology ◽  
Conventional Diesel Fuel

The development of technology for the use of natural resources as fuel is increasing. One of them is theresearch of third generation biodisel. This technology utilizes microalgae as an environmentallyfriendly raw material which is also a renewable energy source for oil. Biodiesel from microalgaeespecially Spirulina sp. is one of the energy sources that can replace conventional diesel fuel whichhas potential for high lipid content. This study aims to develop a microalgae cultivation technology in anairlift photobioreactor by adjusting the light intensity of the LED lamp to obtain an optimal growth rateand increase the biomass production of Spirulina sp. The research was conducted on an intermediatescale using an airlift type photobioreactor with varying light intensity, namely 1600 lux, 2200 lux, and3200 lux. Each treatment was carried out three times for 14 days. Measurement of biomass weight wascalculated using the gravimetric method, by taking samples every 7 days. Based on the data obtained,the application of different light intensities to the spirulina sp. cultivation system will have an effect onthe final result in harvesting day 14th, specifically the weight of the biomass produced. The averageyield of biomass on day 14th with the best results was obtained at light intensity of 1600 as much as 623mg / 100 ml.

RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC MASSES: IMPROVEMENT BY COMPLEX MATERIAL ACTIVATION

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-351
Author(s):  
A. S. Mavlyanov ◽  
E. K. Sardarbekova
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sensitivity Coefficient ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Clay Material ◽  
Fibrous Materials ◽  
Chemical Production ◽  
Production Wastes ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
The Masses

Introduction. The objective of the research is to study the effect of the complex activation of the alumina raw material on the rheological properties of the ceramic mass. In addition, the authors investigate solutions for the application of optimal coagulation structures based on loams and ash together with plastic certificates.Materials and methods. The authors used the local forest like reserves of clay loams at the BashKarasu, ash fields of the Bishkek Central Heating Centre (BTEC) and plasticizer (sodium naphthenate obtained from alkaline chemical production wastes) as fibrous materials. Moreover, the authors defined technological properties of raw materials within standard laboratory methodology in accordance with current GOSTs.Results. The researchers tested plastic durability on variously prepared masses for the choice of optimal structures. The paper demonstrated the plastic durability of complexly activated compounds comparing with non-activated and mechanically activated compounds. The sensitivity coefficient increased the amount of clay loams by mechanically and complexly activated, which predetermined the possibility of intensifying the process of drying samples based on complexly activated masses.Discussion and conclusions. However, mechanical activation of clay material reduces the period of relaxation and increases the elasticity coefficient of ceramic masses by 1.8–3.4 times, meanwhile decreases elasticity, viscosity and the conventional power during molding, which generally worsens the molding properties of the masses. Сomplex activation of ash-clay material decreases the period of relaxation and provides an increase in elasticity, plasticity of ceramic masses by 46–47%, reduction in viscosity by 1.5–2 times, conventional power on molding by 37–122% in comparison with MA clay loams. Ceramic masses based on spacecraft alumina raw materials belong to the SMT with improved rheological properties; products based on them pass through the mouthpiece for 5–7 seconds.

scholarly journals Potential of the biodegradability and characteristics of bio-plastic from microalgae residues

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-92
Author(s):  
Y.C. Wong ◽  
◽  
D.N. Roma ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Infrared Analysis ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The University

Petroleum-based plastic has been widely used in many industries. However, it takes hundreds of years to degrade and causes widespread pollution to our environment. These problems led to the invention of bioplastics, which were comprised of natural biopolymers made from starch. The production of bioplastics from food-based starches such as tapioca and corn created competition between food and bioplastic production industries. Hence, this research study focuses on producing bioplastic from microalgae residue, which is a non-food based raw material that uses four different types of plasticizers: glycerol, sorbitol, glutaraldehyde and polyethylene glycol (PEG). Microalgae species for identification were obtained from the fish pond at the University Malaysia of Kelantan, before cultivating the species for 14 days. The microalgae residues were extracted through the centrifugation process. Three species were identified under the light microscope, Chlorella sp., Scenedesmus sp. and Monoraphidium sp. The production of bioplastic involved a manual stirring method using a hotplate magnetic stirrer, followed by drying the bioplastic in an oven at 60 oC. Results obtained showed that sorbitol and glycerol from microalgae are suitable to be used as a plasticizer for the production of bioplastic, however glutaraldehyde and PEG are not suitable. Bioplastics that used PEG and glutaraldehyde became cracked and brittle after the drying process. The characterization of bioplastics includes universal tensile testing machines, Fourier-transform infrared analysis and biodegradability tests being processed//undertaken on glycerol-based and sorbitol based bioplastic. Characterization of bioplastics proved that both glycerol and sorbitol have high potential for applications in daily human life. Bioplastics which used sorbitol as a plasticizer could be used in can be applied the production of plastic goods such as toys and household items due to its good resistance toward stress and minimal flexibility. Meanwhile bioplastics which used glycerol as a plasticizer could be applied to the production of plastic bags and plastic food wrap due to its elastic and flexible nature.

scholarly journals Statistical Approach of Nutrient Optimization for Microalgae Cultivation

2020 ◽  
Vol 141 ◽  
pp. 03009
Author(s):  
Pichayatorn Bunkaew ◽  
Sasithorn Kongruang
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Cobalt Chloride ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Microalgae Cultivation ◽  
Cultivation Time ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Chloride Hexahydrate ◽  
Cobalt Chloride Hexahydrate

The Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was applied to study fresh water microalgae cultivation using Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 to select the influential nutrient factors for biomass and lipid production. The PBD for 13 trials from 11 nutrient factors with 3 levels was studied in the mixotrophic cultivation at 28 0C under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time. Two influential factors were chosen as glucose and cobalt chloride hexahydrate to further design via Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in order to optimize the cultivation of this microalgae for biodiesel production. The 17 trials of 3 factors and 3 levels of BBD experimental design technique were applied with varying factors of glucose (20-40 g/L), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.01-0.04 mg/L) and light intensity (4,500-7,500 Lux) under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time at 28 0C. Result showed that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 cultivation yield 0.52 g/L biomass and 0.31 g/L lipid production resulting in approximately 60% of lipid production when cultivated in 20.05 g/L glucose, 0.04 mg/L CoCl26H2O under light intensity of 4,614 Lux with the supplementation of 4.38 g/L NaHCO3 coupled with 1 g/L of both NaNO3 and KH2PO4. Under statically mixotrophic cultivation, result indicated that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 had potential to produce high lipid content for biodiesel application and biomass production for nutraceutical application. Further experiment with the longer cultivation period up to 2 weeks would implement not only for monitoring the growth kinetics but also evaluating the suitable type of fatty acid production.

scholarly journals Optimization of heterotrophic cultivation of Chlorella sp. HS2 using screening, statistical assessment, and validation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee Su Kim ◽  
Won-Kun Park ◽  
Bongsoo Lee ◽  
Gyeongho Seon ◽  
William I. Suh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Concentration ◽  
Biomass Productivity ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
Bg11 Medium ◽  
Heterotrophic Cultivation ◽  
Dipotassium Phosphate ◽  
Burman Design ◽  
Major Nutrients

AbstractThe heterotrophic cultivation of microalgae has a number of notable advantages, which include allowing high culture density levels as well as enabling the production of biomass in consistent and predictable quantities. In this study, the full potential of Chlorella sp. HS2 is explored through optimization of the parameters for its heterotrophic cultivation. First, carbon and nitrogen sources were screened in PhotobioBox. Initial screening using the Plackett-Burman design (PBD) was then adopted and the concentrations of the major nutrients (glucose, sodium nitrate, and dipotassium phosphate) were optimized via response surface methodology (RSM) with a central composite design (CCD). Upon validation of the model via flask-scale cultivation, the optimized BG11 medium was found to result in a three-fold improvement in biomass amounts, from 5.85 to 18.13 g/L, in comparison to a non-optimized BG11 medium containing 72 g/L glucose. Scaling up the cultivation to a 5-L fermenter resulted in a greatly improved biomass concentration of 35.3 g/L owing to more efficient oxygenation of the culture. In addition, phosphorus feeding fermentation was employed in an effort to address early depletion of phosphate, and a maximum biomass concentration of 42.95 g/L was achieved, with biomass productivity of 5.37 g/L/D.

Use of Waste Flat Glass in the Formulation of Masses for White Porcelain in Partial Replacement of Feldspar

2012 ◽  
Vol 727-728 ◽  
pp. 1514-1518
Author(s):  
Valdênia de Sousa Porto ◽  
Maria do Socorro L. Cavalcanti ◽  
Tatiana Borba Cruz ◽  
Crislene R. da Silva Morais ◽  
Lisiane N. de Lima Santana
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Natural Resource ◽  
Ceramic Body ◽  
Flat Glass ◽  
Waste Glass ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Other Substances ◽  
The Masses ◽  
White Porcelain

In the production of white ceramic, the feldspar is used as flux that provides the manufacturing of products more dense and with low porosity. Although this is a raw material of great importance for white ceramic, the feldspar is a natural resource, therefore, non-renewable and your uncontrolled extraction can cause environmental problems. In this perspective, several scientific research is being carried out looking for alternatives to replace this product by other substances. The use of waste glass in partial replacement of feldspar in the production of ceramic body is extensively researched, because these materials present flux properties and reduces environmental impacts. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to verify the possibility of partial replacement of feldspar by waste flat glass in the formulation of the masses for white porcelain. For the research, feldspar and waste glass were characterized by the following techniques: chemical analysis, DTA, TG and infrared for possible comparison of the properties of these materials. The results demonstrated the possibility of utilization of waste flat glass in the formulation of ceramic bodies, since they have similar characteristics.

Rising mass incomes as a condition of capitalist growth: implications for the world economy

1983 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartmut Elsenhans
Keyword(s):  
Social Reform ◽  
Third World ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Power Relationship ◽  
European Expansion ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
The Masses ◽  
The Third World

The rise of capitalism in Western Europe was based on rising mass incomes and a political power relationship favorable to the lower classes, which created opportunities for profitable investment. Nowhere in today's underdeveloped world did such conditions exist before the European expansion; nowhere were they created by the mere fact of integration into the capitalist world system. Thus the periphery has been ever more disadvantaged by its connection with the capitalist center. But the center could and can dispense withthe contribution of the periphery and, indeed, on occasion has done so. A planned restructuring of the productive apparatus and social reform in the Third World are both complex and contradictory processes. The working class in the North has to realize its interest in defending the masses of the Third World. It can do so by linking economic concessions in the North-South dialogue (raw material prices or access to markets) to social reform and the creation of a productive apparatus that permits the rise of mass incomes in the Third World.

scholarly journals Effects of Light Intensity on Root Development in a D-Root Growth System

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yohanna Evelyn Miotto ◽  
Cibele Tesser da Costa ◽  
Remko Offringa ◽  
Jürgen Kleine-Vehn ◽  
Felipe dos Santos Maraschin
Keyword(s):  
Light Intensity ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Light Exposure ◽  
Light Condition ◽  
Light Response ◽  
Shoot Elongation ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Auxin Signaling ◽  
Loss Of Function

Plant development is highly affected by light quality, direction, and intensity. Under natural growth conditions, shoots are directly exposed to light whereas roots develop underground shielded from direct illumination. The photomorphogenic development strongly represses shoot elongation whereas promotes root growth. Over the years, several studies helped the elucidation of signaling elements that coordinate light perception and underlying developmental outputs. Light exposure of the shoots has diverse effects on main root growth and lateral root (LR) formation. In this study, we evaluated the phenotypic root responses of wild-type Arabidopsis plants, as well as several mutants, grown in a D-Root system. We observed that sucrose and light act synergistically to promote root growth and that sucrose alone cannot overcome the light requirement for root growth. We also have shown that roots respond to the light intensity applied to the shoot by changes in primary and LR development. Loss-of-function mutants for several root light-response genes display varying phenotypes according to the light intensity to which shoots are exposed. Low light intensity strongly impaired LR development for most genotypes. Only vid-27 and pils4 mutants showed higher LR density at 40 μmol m–2 s–1 than at 80 μmol m–2 s–1 whereas yuc3 and shy2-2 presented no LR development in any light condition, reinforcing the importance of auxin signaling in light-dependent root development. Our results support the use of D-Root systems to avoid the effects of direct root illumination that might lead to artifacts and unnatural phenotypic outputs.

scholarly journals Synthesis of neutral lipids in chlorella sp. under different light and carbonate conditions

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jazmín-Vanessa Pérez-Pazos ◽  
Pablo Fernández-Izquierdo
Keyword(s):  
Neutral Lipids ◽  
Lipid Production ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Chlorella Sp ◽  
High Lipid ◽  
The Right ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Lipids are biomolecules of great scientific and biotechnological interest due to their extensive applications. Microalgae are potential biological systems used in the synthesis of lipids, particularly Chlorella sp., which is characterized by its high lipid content and for having the right profile for the obtainment of biofuel. Lipid production in microalgae is influenced by several physical and chemical factors. Any modification thereof can cause a stress response represented by changes in synthesized lipid composition, varying from one species to another. This paper evaluates the effect of different light wavelengths, photoperiods and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) supply in lipid synthesis in Chlorella sp. In order to do so, the microalgae was grown in Bold's Basal Medium (BBM) at 20ºC with constant aeration and subject to low blue (470 nm) and red (700 nm) light wavelengths, 0,5 g.L-1 and 1,5 g.L-1 concentrations of CaCO3 and 6-hour light, 18-hour darkness (6:18) and 18-hour light, 6-hour darkness (18:6) photoperiods. The results indicate a higher growth rate for microalgae under red light, 0,5 g.L-1 of CaCO3 and a photoperiod of 6:18. On the other hand, lipid production is higher under blue light, 1,5 g.L-1 of CaCO3 and an18:6 photoperiod. Analysis by gas chromatography indicate that the fatty acids in the samples are oleic, linoleic and palmitoleic, which are of recognized importance in the biodiesel industry. This suggests that neutral lipid synthesis can be optimized in two stages: first, by promoting growth and subsequently, by inducing lipid production.

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