Extraction of Vanadium from Chloride Solutions Using Di (2-Ethylhexyl) Phosphate

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Guo Ping Hu ◽  
De Sheng Chen ◽  
Tao Qi ◽  
Chang Qiao Zhang ◽  
Hong Xin Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Iron Ions ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Equilibrium Time ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Lower Temperature

Extraction of vanadium has been developed to extract vanadium from hydrochloric solutions with high concentration of iron ions. The effects of extraction conditions such as pH values, extraction time and extraction temperature on the distribution ratio of vanadium were investigated. The results showed that the distribution ratio of vanadium increased with the higher pH, the lower temperature and the longer equilibrium time. The distribution ratio reached 25 and the extraction ratio reached 96.2% by single stage extraction. When the organic phase was stripped with 2 mol/L hydrochloric acid at the phase ratio (O/A) 10:1, the vanadium stripping ratio of 98.3% could be achieved.

Extraction of indium(III) and antimony(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions by means of some neutral organophosphorus reagents

1981 ◽  
Vol 46 (8) ◽  
pp. 1906-1912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oldřich Navrátil ◽  
Jiří Meindl ◽  
Jiří Kos
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Organic Solvents ◽  
Organic Phase ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Acid Solutions ◽  
Chloro Complexes ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid Solutions

Distribution of indium(III) and antimony(III) was examined between hydrochloric acid solutions and solutions of tri-n-butylphosphate (TBP), trialkyl- and triarylphosphine oxides (TGPO, G = phenyl (P), n-butyl (B), or n-octyl (O)), or tetra-n-butylammonium chloride (R4NCl) in benzene or other organic solvents. The extractability of indium into benzene decreases in the order TOPO > TBPO > TBP ~ TPPO. In the case of TOPO and TBPO, there is a pronounced maximum on the plots of log DIn vs c(HCl) in the region of c(HCl) = 3-6 mol l-1; this applies also to other organic solvents. The composition of the species transferred into the organic phase is probably HInCl4.2 TGPO. The distribution ratio of antimony(III) attains considerable value even in the absence of the organophosphorus reagents, which indicates that Sb chloro complexes themselves are extracted.

scholarly journals Optimization of a Microwave Assisted Extraction of Organic Sulphur from Domestic Sewage Sludge by UV-Vis Spectrophotometry Determination

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Darlan Ferreira Silva ◽  
Maria Olimpia Oliveira Rezende
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Factorial Design ◽  
Spectrophotometric Determination ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Organic Sulphur ◽  
Assisted Extraction

An alternative method for microwave-assisted extraction of organic sulphur in sewage sludge samples was optimized based on response surface methodology. The extraction process was defined by a 23 factorial design. In the factorial design, the temperature, the extraction time and the volume of hydrochloric acid in the solvent mixture were evaluated. The samples were extracted with a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid. The data obtained for study were based on the concentration of sulphur in the sulfate form (S-SO42-) obtained spectrophotometrically in the sludge samples. The initial extraction parameters were adjusted so that spectrophotometric determination was feasible. According to the levels (minimum and maximum) defined for each parameter, the methodology showed that the best extraction conditions were achieved with an extraction temperature of 150 °C, using a longer extraction time (40 min). This study was carried out to evaluate the efficiency of microwave-assisted extraction in spectrophotometric determination of sulphur in sludge samples.

Extraction of iron, cobalt, nickel and copper with dibenzyl sulfoxide solution in toluene

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
František Vláčil ◽  
Huynh Dang Khanh
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Distribution Ratio ◽  
Separation Factor ◽  
Chromatographic Separation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Iron Cobalt ◽  
Cobalt Nickel ◽  
Factor Α

The dependence of the distribution ratio of the metal on the concentration of hydrochloric of nitric acid was examined for Fe, Co, Ni and Cu extraction with 0.05M solution of dibenzylsulfoxide in toluene. Iron is extracted considerably more than the other metals, and is better extracted from hydrochloric acid than from nitric acid. The separation factor αFe/M (for 8M-HCl) is of the order of 104; this is not sufficient for a separation of trace quantities of iron from Co, Ni and Cu, but even at lower concentrations of HCl (e.g., 5M) the values is high enough for extraction chromatographic separation. The composition of the iron solvate extracted from HCl or LiCl medium was determined to be HFeCl4.2 B (B = dibenzyl sulfoxide).

scholarly journals Skin-Whitening and Anti-Wrinkle Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Peanut Shell Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1231
Author(s):  
Da Hye Gam ◽  
Ji Woo Hong ◽  
Jun Hee Kim ◽  
Jin Woo Kim
Keyword(s):  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Peanut Shell ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Skin Whitening ◽  
Activity Inhibition ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Experimental Values

Response surface methodology was employed to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions for simultaneous optimization of dependent variables, including DPPH radical scavenging activity (RSA), tyrosinase activity inhibition (TAI), and collagenase activity inhibition (CAI) of peanut shell extracts. The effects of the main variables including extraction time (5.0~55.0 min, X1), extraction temperature (26.0~94.0 °C, X2), and ethanol concentration (0.0%~99.5%, X3) were optimized. Based on experimental values from each condition, quadratic regression models were derived for the prediction of optimum conditions. The coefficient of determination (R2) of the independent variable was in the range of 0.89~0.96, which demonstrates that the regression model is suitable for the prediction. In predicting optimal UAE conditions based on the superimposing method, extraction time of 31.2 min, extraction temperature of 36.6 °C, and ethanol concentration of 93.2% were identified. Under these conditions, RSA of 74.9%, TAI of 50.6%, and CAI of 86.8% were predicted, showing good agreement with the experimental values. A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction showed that peanut shell extract decreased mRNA levels of tyrosinase-related protein-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3 genes in B16-F0 cell. Therefore, we identified the skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects of peanut shell extracts at protein as well as gene expression levels, and the results show that peanut shell is an effective cosmetic material for skin-whitening and anti-wrinkle effects. Based on this study, peanut shell, which was considered a byproduct, can be used for the development of healthy foods, medicines, and cosmetics.

EFFECT OF MEAN ION SIZE AND SPATIAL SPIN DISORDERS FOR (La1-xYx)2/3Ca1/3MnO3 MANGANITES

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (26) ◽  
pp. 3451-3464 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINCANG ZHANG ◽  
YUFENG ZHANG ◽  
SHIXUN CAO ◽  
CHAO JING
Keyword(s):  
Single Phase ◽  
Bond Angle ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Magnetic Studies ◽  
Metal Insulator Transition ◽  
Metal Insulator ◽  
Average Ionic Radius ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Ion Size

The structure and transport properties of perovskite ( La 1-x Y x)2/3 Ca 1/3 MnO 3 (0≤x≤0.3) systems are systematically investigated. It is found that all the specimens show a single-phase structure and reveal a direct relationship between the Curie temperature Tc and the average ionic radius <rA> of La site. With increasing Y 3+ doped content, the metal-insulator transition temperature T MI (M-I) shifts to lower temperature. While the relevant resistivity peak ρp is sharp increased, for the specimens with large doping content, x=0.3, it has enhanced eight orders of magnitudes larger than the non-doped samples (x=0.0). At high concentration area, that is to say, when x>0.1, magnetic studies show a gradual increase of antiferromagnetic interaction with an increase of x, ultimately leading to a spatial-spin disorders, that is, spin-glass-like state for x=0.2 and x=0.3 compounds at about 35 K. The results show that it has connected a reduction of Tc and an increase in magnetoresistance with a decrease in the microstructural Mn - O - Mn bond angle.

scholarly journals Homogenate Extraction of Crocins from Saffron Optimized by Response Surface Methodology

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yingpeng Tong ◽  
Yu Jiang ◽  
Dan Guo ◽  
Yongqiu Yan ◽  
Shiping Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Single Factor ◽  
Extraction Voltage ◽  
Homogenate Extraction

Saffron, which has many kinds of biological activities, has been widely used in medicine, cosmetics, food, and other fields of health promotion industries. Crocins are the main component of saffron (Crocus sativus L.). At present, most of the extraction methods for crocins require long time or special instruments to complete the process and some of them are not suitable for industrial production at present. In this article, homogenate extraction technology which is a convenient and efficient method was developed for crocins extraction from saffron. Firstly, the influences of extraction voltage, extraction time, ethanol concentration, and temperature on crocins yield were studied by single factor experiments; and then response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize levels of four variables based on the result of single factor experiments. Results showed that the optimum extraction process conditions for crocins were as follows: extraction voltage, 110 V; ethanol concentration, 70%; extraction temperature, 57°C; and extraction time, 40 s. Based on these conditions, the extraction yield of crocins can reach 22.76% which is higher than ultrasonic extraction method. Therefore, homogenate extraction is an effective way to extract crocins from saffron with higher extraction yield and shorter extraction time.

Microwave-Assisted Extraction of Chlorophyll from Filter Mud of Sugercane Mill and Component Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Rong Guo ◽  
Shao Ying Ma ◽  
Xiao Fei Wang ◽  
Er Fang Ren ◽  
Yuan Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Irradiation Time ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Microwave Assisted Extraction ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Microwave Assisted ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Conventional Extraction ◽  
Filter Mud ◽  
Strong Absorption Peak

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was used to extract chlorophylls from filter mud. Ethanol was used as the solvent. The optimal conditions for the MAE of chlorophylls were concluded from the study as the irradiation time, 50 s, the ratio of liquid to solid, 8:1 (mL/g), the extraction temperature, 40 °C, and the extraction time, 60 min. Compared with conventional extraction, the MAE of chlorophylls from the filter mud was more effective. The extraction time for MAE was 60 min with 0.277 mg/g chlorophyll yield, while conventional extraction needed 240 min with only about 0.259 mg/g chlorophyll yield. The Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra of the extracted chlorophylls showed that there was a strong absorption peak at about 663 nm. C=N, Mg-N and C-N was not seen existed from the infrared spectroscopy probably because that the mixed extracts were not purified and the chlorophyll content was less.

Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy Using RSM

2011 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 292-296
Author(s):  
Ai Shi Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Solid Ratio ◽  
Assisted Extraction ◽  
Ultrasonic Technology ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted ◽  
Experimental Yield ◽  
Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction

Ultrasonic technology was applied to polysaccharides extraction from Ottelia acuminata (Gagnep.) Dandy and Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the effects of processing parameters on polysaccharides yields. Three independent variables such as liquid-solid ratio (ml/g, X1), extraction temperature (°C, X2) and extraction time (hour, X3) were investigated respectively. The statistical analysis indicated that the three variables and the quadratic of X1 and X3 had significant effects on the yields and followed by the significant interaction effects between the variables of X1 and X3, X2 and X3 (p<0.05). A mathematical model with high determination coefficient was gained. The optimal extraction conditions of polysaccharides were determined as follows: liquid-solid ratio 43 ml/g, extraction temperature 90 °C and extraction time 3.45 hours. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 107.44 mg/g, which was agreed closely with the predicted value 108.71 mg/g.

scholarly journals Optimization of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Quercus infectoria Oil

2015 ◽  
Vol 74 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza Md Salleh ◽  
Stashia ELeaness Rosland Abel ◽  
Gholamreza Zahedi ◽  
Russly Abd Rahman ◽  
Hasmida Mohd Nasir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Extraction Yield ◽  
Extraction Time ◽  
Extraction Temperature ◽  
Predicted Values ◽  
Artificial Neural Network Ann ◽  
Quercus Infectoria

This current study focuses on the modelling and optimization of supercritical fluid extraction of Quercus infectoria galls oil. In this case, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were applied for the modelling and prediction of extraction yield of galls oil. A 17-run Box-Behnken Design (BBD) was employed to statistically optimize the process parameters of SC-CO2 extraction of Quercus infectoria galls at a condition as follows: pressure (5000, 6000, 7000 Psi), temperature (40, 50, 60°C) and extraction time (30, 45, 60 min). The maximum yield of the extracted oil is1.12 % and the optimum conditions are at an extraction pressure of 5574 Psi; extraction temperature of 75°C and extraction time of 54 min. Under the optimal conditions, the experimental results agree with the predicted values obtained through analysis of variance (ANOVA). This indicates a successful response surface methodology and highly satisfactory goodness of fit of the model used. The analysis of experimental design for process optimization results demonstrates that temperature and extraction time are the main parameters that influence the oil extraction of Quercus infectoria.

Effect of pH, Acidulant, Time, and Temperature on the Growth and Survival of Listeria monocytogenes

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENT M. SORRELLS ◽  
DAVIN C. ENIGL ◽  
JOHN R. HATFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Ph Values

The effect of different acids, pH, incubation time, and incubation temperature on the growth and survival of four strains of Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth was compared. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid (AA), lactic acid (LA), malic acid (MA), and citric acid (CA) were used to acidify tryptic soy broth to pH values 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, and 5.2 pH. Incubation times were 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d at 10, 25, and 35°C. The inhibition of L. monocytogenes in the presence of high acidity appears to be a function of acid and incubation temperature. Based on equal pH values, the antimicrobial activity is AA &gt; LA &gt; CA ≥ MA &gt; HCl at all incubation times and temperatures. When based on equal molar concentration, the activity appeared to be CA ≥ MA &gt; LA ≥ AA &gt; HCl at 35 and 25°C, and MA &gt; CA &gt; AA ≥ LA &gt; HCl at 10°C. Greatest antimicrobial activity occurred at 35°C. Greatest survival occurred at 10°C and greatest growth occurred at 25°C. Final pH of the medium was as low as 3.8 in HCl at 28 d. All strains grew well at pH values lower than the minimum previously reported (5.5–5.6).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document