Environmental and Economic Comparative Analysis between Lithium Ion Battery and NiMH Battery of Electric Vehicle

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 765-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yu Ke Li ◽  
Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Metal Recycling

With the rapid development of electric vehicles, power battery market demand rapidly expanding, battery scrap and recycling has become a serious problem. Based on the analysis and forecast of waste battery amount from 2014 to 2024, the paper researched the future theoretical metal recycling amount of power battery in China. Life cycle assessment method is used to establish a waste lithium ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries recycling process of environmental impact assessment model, and the data lists of recycling process are built. The environmental impact load are analyzed and compared. Through the establishment of economic analysis model of waste battery recycling process, the economic performance is quantified. To develop the recycling of waste power battery mode, laws, regulations and relevant technical standards for China[, this paper provide the method reference and data support.

Study on the process of harmless treatment of residual electrolyte in battery disassembly

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (11) ◽  
pp. 1295-1300
Author(s):  
Yanbin Zhu ◽  
Qing Ding ◽  
Yuming Zhao ◽  
Jinwen Ai ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Dimethyl Carbonate ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Pollution Source ◽  
Structure Characterization ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Process Scheme ◽  
Disassembly Process ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Lithium Hexafluorophosphate

Residual electrolyte is the main pollution source in the lithium ion battery disassembly process. A practical detoxified approach is studied using the lithium hexafluorophosphate in the decommissioned power battery with dimethyl carbonate as a solvent. The pH measurement, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, micromorphology and phase structure characterization techniques showed that the process in this study is capable of removing lithium hexafluorophosphate from decommissioned power batteries, while controlling the proper ratio of NaOH can also completely precipitate F− into CaF2 crystal and allows recycling of the organic solvents. This process scheme of residual electrolyte treatment effectively reduces environmental pollution during the decommissioned power batteries recycling process, and has the benefit of resource reuse for valuable elements.

Carbon Footprint Analysis and Environmental Impact Evaluation of Air Conditioning System

2013 ◽  
Vol 860-863 ◽  
pp. 1620-1627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Rong Liu ◽  
Zhi Yong Wang ◽  
Han Qing Wang
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Carbon Footprint ◽  
Air Conditioning ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Lithium Bromide ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Inventory Analysis ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems

Aiming at three frequently used air conditioning systems of an actual building, the system boundary under simplified and hypothetical conditions was built according to different research objectives and scopes. And the life cycle assessment model frame was created and the carbon footprint of three plans was analyzed. To collect relative data of energy consumption and emission which were produced in the stages of units operating, the resources obtaining and manufacturing, then the obtained data were arranged into inventory analysis table. In accordance with the characterized model environmental exhaust was transformed to environmental load while normalization and weighted evaluation were also made, from which different environmental impacts potential values could be attained. So as to the environmental impact of life cycle of air conditioning systems could be quantitatively described by the environmental impact load. Ultimately the study conclusions were procured as follows: electric water chiller plus natural direct-fired lithium-bromide absorption chiller/heater makes the least environmental impact followed by the electric water chiller plus gas boiler and water source heat pump makes the most.

Green Performance Assessment of Power Battery for Electric Vehicle Based on Multi-Objective and Multi-Stage

2014 ◽  
Vol 893 ◽  
pp. 777-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Gao ◽  
Yu Ke Li ◽  
Xing Bo Mo
Keyword(s):  
Performance Assessment ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Nickel Metal ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Green Performance ◽  
Power Battery ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Whole Life Cycle

Green performance assessment of power battery is a whole life cycle process, which integrates Environment (E), Resource (R), Technology (T) and Cost (C) objectives considered as evaluation of multi-objective and multi-stage. According to definition of Green Product, the assessment model of multi-objective and multi-stage for power battery was built. The green utility function is proposed, by which the evaluation data of indices are changed uniformly into range of (0, 1) according to the assessment standard initialized as 0.5. The synthesis calculation method is given, which remains all the messages in the assessment. Finally, the green performance comparison between lithium-ion battery and nickel metal hydride battery proves the assessment method and process.

Life Cycle Assessment of Lead Production in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 944 ◽  
pp. 1123-1129
Author(s):  
Wan Yi Sun ◽  
Xian Zheng Gong ◽  
Bo Xue Sun ◽  
Qing Ding
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Smelting Process ◽  
Cumulative Emission ◽  
Toxicity Potential ◽  
Lead Production ◽  
Depletion Potential

This study analyzed the environmental impacts due to lead production in China, which is the largest producer and consumer of lead in the world, by the method of life cycle assessment (LCA). Based on the Chinese refined lead smelting process, a process-based life cycle assessment model was established to assess the environmental load of lead production system which includes the processes of mining, beneficiation, smelting, electrorefining and transportation. The result shows that the cumulative consumption of electricity and the cumulative emission of green house gases for the production of 1t of refined lead are 1111.93kWh and 2.06E+03kg CO2 eq, respectively. Smelting process is the largest contributor to the environmental impact load, accounting for 51.16% of the total environmental impact. The environmental category of human toxicity potential(HTP), accounting for 35.26% of the total environmental impact, is the largest contributor between different environmental categories to the total environmental impact, followed by metal depletion potential(MDP) and fossil depletion potential(FDP), accounting for 27.94% and 11.80% of the total environmental impact, respectively. Improving the resource efficiencies of the processes of smelting and beneficiation, and using cleaner energy to generate electricity are the key approaches to reduce the overall environmental impact of lead production in China.

scholarly journals Study on Comprehensive Assessment of Environmental Impact of Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 476
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Longyu Shi ◽  
Xiaofei Ma ◽  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Lijie Gao
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Impact Assessment ◽  
Environmental Impact Assessment ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Assessment Model ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Economic Zone ◽  
Taiwan Straits

Pollutants discharged from irrational energy consumption pose a serious threat to urban ecological security. The Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone is an important part of China’s coastal economy. With the rapid development of the economy in this area, the atmospheric environmental pollution problem, caused by energy consumption, has become increasingly serious. Therefore, the study of the environmental impact assessment of air pollution in the Western Taiwan Straits Economic Zone has reference value to prevent ecological risks. This paper constructed a regional-scale environmental impact assessment model that includes pollution sources, pollution stress, and evaluation results, and evaluated the environmental impact of SO2, NO2, CO, PM10, and PM2.5 from three perspectives: regional integration, different energy consumption sectors, and different cities. The results showed that the regional environmental impact level of the research area was high, and the main pollutants transformed from SO2 to NO2, PM10, and PM2.5 from 2008 to 2016. According to the results of different sectors, the transportation sector contributes the most to NO2 and remains unchanged, and the industrial sector contributes the most to SO2, PM10, and PM2.5. Combined with the research results of different cities, cities concentrated in the coastal areas contribute more pollution than other cities do.

scholarly journals A Novel Pyrometallurgical Recycling Process for Lithium-Ion Batteries and Its Application to the Recycling of LCO and LFP

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149
Author(s):  
Alexandra Holzer ◽  
Stefan Windisch-Kern ◽  
Christoph Ponak ◽  
Harald Raupenstrauch
Keyword(s):  
Lithium Ion Batteries ◽  
Lithium Iron Phosphate ◽  
Process Development ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Iron Phosphate ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Subsequent Step ◽  
Pre Treatment

The bottleneck of recycling chains for spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is the recovery of valuable metals from the black matter that remains after dismantling and deactivation in pre‑treatment processes, which has to be treated in a subsequent step with pyrometallurgical and/or hydrometallurgical methods. In the course of this paper, investigations in a heating microscope were conducted to determine the high-temperature behavior of the cathode materials lithium cobalt oxide (LCO—chem., LiCoO2) and lithium iron phosphate (LFP—chem., LiFePO4) from LIB with carbon addition. For the purpose of continuous process development of a novel pyrometallurgical recycling process and adaptation of this to the requirements of the LIB material, two different reactor designs were examined. When treating LCO in an Al2O3 crucible, lithium could be removed at a rate of 76% via the gas stream, which is directly and purely available for further processing. In contrast, a removal rate of lithium of up to 97% was achieved in an MgO crucible. In addition, the basic capability of the concept for the treatment of LFP was investigated whereby a phosphorus removal rate of 64% with a simultaneous lithium removal rate of 68% was observed.

scholarly journals Regeneration of LiFePO4 from spent lithium-ion battery by a facile closed-loop process featuring acid leaching and hydrothermal synthesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifan Song ◽  
Boyi Xie ◽  
Shuya Lei ◽  
Shaole Song ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Synthesis ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Acid Leaching ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Power Battery

As a widely used power battery, the scrapping boom of LiFePO4 (LFP) battery is coming. Both pyrometallurgical repair and hydrometallurgical processes have been applied in the recycling of spent LFP...

scholarly journals Global Warming Potential of a New Waterjet-Based Recycling Process for Cathode Materials of Lithium-Ion Batteries

Batteries ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
Leonard Kurz ◽  
Mojtaba Faryadras ◽  
Ines Klugius ◽  
Frederik Reichert ◽  
Andreas Scheibe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Global Warming Potential ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Recycling Process ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Mechanical Removal ◽  
Increasing Demand

Due to the increasing demand for battery electric vehicles (BEVs), the need for vehicle battery raw materials is increasing. The traction battery (TB) of an electric vehicle, usually a lithium-ion battery (LIB), represents the largest share of a BEV’s CO2 footprint. To reduce this carbon footprint sustainably and to keep the raw materials within a closed loop economy, suitable and efficient recycling processes are essential. In this life cycle assessment (LCA), the ecological performance of a waterjet-based direct recycling process with minimal use of resources and energy is evaluated; only the recycling process is considered, waste treatment and credits for by-products are not part of the analysis. Primary data from a performing recycling company were mainly used for the modelling. The study concludes that the recycling of 1 kg of TB is associated with a global warming potential (GWP) of 158 g CO2 equivalents (CO2e). Mechanical removal using a water jet was identified as the main driver of the recycling process, followed by an air purification system. Compared to conventional hydro- or pyrometallurgical processes, this waterjet-based recycling process could be attributed an 8 to 26 times lower GWP. With 10% and 20% reuse of recyclate in new cells, the GWP of TBs could be reduced by 4% and 8%, respectively. It has been shown that this recycling approach can be classified as environmentally friendly.

scholarly journals Caries and Restoration Detection Using Bitewing Film Based on Transfer Learning with CNNs

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4613
Author(s):  
Yi-Cheng Mao ◽  
Tsung-Yi Chen ◽  
He-Sheng Chou ◽  
Szu-Yin Lin ◽  
Sheng-Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Radiographic Examination ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Medical Treatments ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Single Tooth ◽  
Imaging Research

Caries is a dental disease caused by bacterial infection. If the cause of the caries is detected early, the treatment will be relatively easy, which in turn prevents caries from spreading. The current common procedure of dentists is to first perform radiographic examination on the patient and mark the lesions manually. However, the work of judging lesions and markings requires professional experience and is very time-consuming and repetitive. Taking advantage of the rapid development of artificial intelligence imaging research and technical methods will help dentists make accurate markings and improve medical treatments. It can also shorten the judgment time of professionals. In addition to the use of Gaussian high-pass filter and Otsu’s threshold image enhancement technology, this research solves the problem that the original cutting technology cannot extract certain single teeth, and it proposes a caries and lesions area analysis model based on convolutional neural networks (CNN), which can identify caries and restorations from the bitewing images. Moreover, it provides dentists with more accurate objective judgment data to achieve the purpose of automatic diagnosis and treatment planning as a technology for assisting precision medicine. A standardized database established following a defined set of steps is also proposed in this study. There are three main steps to generate the image of a single tooth from a bitewing image, which can increase the accuracy of the analysis model. The steps include (1) preprocessing of the dental image to obtain a high-quality binarization, (2) a dental image cropping procedure to obtain individually separated tooth samples, and (3) a dental image masking step which masks the fine broken teeth from the sample and enhances the quality of the training. Among the current four common neural networks, namely, AlexNet, GoogleNet, Vgg19, and ResNet50, experimental results show that the proposed AlexNet model in this study for restoration and caries judgments has an accuracy as high as 95.56% and 90.30%, respectively. These are promising results that lead to the possibility of developing an automatic judgment method of bitewing film.

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