Discuss about Stowing Material for Coal Mine

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 910-913
Author(s):  
Xue Ling Du
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Chemical Reaction ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Harmonious Development ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Stowing Material ◽  
The Cost

Mining with stowing is an environmentally friendly way for coal mine, and stowing material is the key to realize environmental protection and harmonious development. This paper focused on the stowing materials, and evaluation for the stowing material would be made. Stowing materials could be sorted as chemical reaction material, solid refuses from coal mine and natural material for stowing. In the light of the cost and sustainable application of the stowing material, we suggest solid refuses from coal mine are the first choice as stowing materials for now.Urban pollutants could be a good kind of stowing materials, but further study should be made for this material. Also the stowing materials should be as cheap and environmentally friendly as they could.

Experimental Study on the Characteristics of Aeolian Sand Paste-Like Stowing Material in Coal Mine

2014 ◽  
Vol 962-965 ◽  
pp. 1020-1024
Author(s):  
Kai Hua Sun ◽  
Rui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Reaction Mechanism ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Aeolian Sand ◽  
Material Density ◽  
Stowing Material ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Auxiliary Material ◽  
Main Components ◽  
The Cost

In order to reduce the cost of stowing materials in Yuyang coal mine, and localize the stowing material, a series of experiments were conducted, which were based on the sampling and testing of aeolian sand to analyze the reaction mechanism of paste-like stowing slurry. The influence of different aeolian sand and auxiliary material content on stowing material was also studied in the experiment. Experimental results indicate that the main components of aeolian sand are SiO2 and Al2O3. The stowing material density increases by 23.4% with more aeolian sand additive amount, and the material cost falls to 93 yuan/m3, reduced by 25.6%. With the increase of auxiliary gelatinization material dosage, the 28-day strength of material increases by 59.4%, the hardening rate of stowing material reaches up to 109.5%, increased by 23%, and the stowing material shows micro expansion.

Implementasi Analisis Proses Bisnis Sebagai Upaya Pengurangan Biaya

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Aniek Wijayanti
Keyword(s):  
Business Process ◽  
Cost Reduction ◽  
Process Analysis ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Management Activity ◽  
Procurement Process ◽  
Material Procurement ◽  
The Cost

Business Process Analysis can be used to eliminate or reduce a waste cost caused by non value added activities that exist in a process. This research aims at evaluating activities carried out in the natural material procurement process in the PT XYZ, calculating the effectiveness of the process cycle, finding a way to improve the process management, and calculating the cost reduction that can achieved by activity management. A case study was the approach of this research. The researcher obtained research data throughout deep interviews with the staff who directly involved in the process, observation, and documentation of natural material procurement. The result of this study show that the effectiveness of the process cycle of natural material procurement in the factory reached as much as 87,1% for the sand material and 72% for the crushed stone. This indicates that the process still carry activities with no added value and still contain ineffective costs. Through the Business Process Mechanism, these non value added activities can be managed so that the process cycle becomes more efficient and cost effectiveness is achieved. The result of the effective cycle calculation after the management activities implementation is 100%. This means that the cost of natural material procurement process has become effective. The result of calculation of the estimated cost reduction as a result of management activity is as much as Rp249.026.635,90 per year.

scholarly journals Costs and efficacy ofolanzapine and risperidone in schizophrenia

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 53-60
Author(s):  
Vittorio Mapelli
Keyword(s):  
Cost Minimization ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Psychiatric Disease ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Differential Effectiveness ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Italian National Health Service ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

Introduction: schizophrenia is a serious and long lasting psychiatric disease. The new “atypical” antipsychotic drugs, introduced in the 90s, have substantially improved the effectiveness of medical treatments, compared to previous neuroleptic drugs. Nowadays they tend to be used as first choice drugs. The ddd cost of atypicals may differ by 20% and health authorities may have an incentive to deliver the less costly drug, especially if they are generic. However the various drugs show differential effectiveness rates and a rational choice should consider both cost and effectiveness.
Objective: the purpose of this analysis is to review the existing evidence on cost-effectiveness studies of olanzapine and risperidone, the two most prescribed drugs in Italy. Six published studies were identified, but attention was focused on two articles that reported consistent and methodologically sound results.
Results: most reviewed studies are cost-minimization analyses, since effectiveness indicators show no significant statistical difference between the two drugs, and are inconclusive since the results depend on the evaluation setting. However one observational retrospective study showed a significant severity reduction over 12 months for patients treated with olanzapine (-2.46 on HoNOS scale; p<0.05), compared to a smaller non significant reduction of the risperidone group (-0.57). Despite the higher drug cost, the average total cost per reduced severity score was lower for olanzapine than for risperidone patients (€ 4,554 vs. € 10,897). The only medical and related health care costs for risperidone patients were higher than total costs for olanzapine patients. Another study comparing cohorts of patients with similar starting severity showed a significant severity reduction and global functioning increase over 12 months for olanzapine but no significant increase for risperidone patients (-0.35, p<0.01 on CGI scale; +3.66, p <0.05 on GAF scale, compared respectively to -0.27, p<0.05 and +2.00 n.s.). Again average cost per reduced severity/increased functioning score was higher for risperidone than olanzapine patients (€ 4,568 vs. € 4,170 for CGI and € 2,284 vs. € 1,139 for GAF scales respectively).
Conclusion: the use of olanzapine in the treatment of schizophrenia is the most cost-effective alternative for the SSN (Italian National health service), as it minimizes the cost per score of severity reduction or functioning increase. Even if the price of risperidone were to be reduced by 50% (becoming a generic), total 12 months treatment costs would exceed those of olanzapine in its highest ddd (30 mg).


scholarly journals The Application of Wood in Modern Interior Design

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Lin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Actual Situation ◽  
Design Concepts

Wood, which is well known as the most natural material, has been playing a very important role in the development of human society. The design concepts of promoting greens environmental protection have influenced the current society profoundly. As a culture carrier, the designing manner of using wood as the central element is very popular. The author is trying to dissect the beauty and the connotation of wood from the angle of Philosophy through this article. Then she will analyze the current use of wood in the modern interior design with examples. At last, the corresponding design principles and decoration methods will be summed up to combine with the actual situation of modern interior design.

Clinical and economic evaluation of the effectiveness of the use of Riociguat for the treatment of patients with inoperable, recurrent or persistent chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension under the conditions of the Republic of Kazakhstan

2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (213-214) ◽  
pp. 8-16
Author(s):  
Andrey Avdeyev ◽  
◽  
Murat Mukarov ◽  
Sabira Zhaugasheva ◽  
Lubov Piven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Pharmacoeconomic Analysis ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Medication Therapy ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Riociguat is included in international guidelines and local clinical protocols for the treatment of pulmonary hypertension (PH) and chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH), where it is the first choice drug for the treatment of patients with inoperable, persistent and recurrent forms of CTEPH. Therefore, it is necessary to include this drug in the GVoFMC (The Guaranteed Volume of Free Medical Care) reimbursement lists and the CSHI (Compulsory Social Health Insurance) system, which will alleviate access to medication for patients suffering from PH and CTEPH. Purpose of the study. Determination of the cost effectiveness parameters of using riociguat in comparison with bosentan and combined therapy of bosentan/sildenafil in medication therapy of CTEPH. Material and methods. A Markov model of CTEPH dynamics in patients with riociguat prescription was developed in comparison with application of bosentan and sildenafil. Modeling step was 16 weeks, modeling horizon – 10 years. Direct medical costs per patient were taken into account in the model, including the cost of drug therapy, costs of outpatient visits due to CTEPH, hospitalization costs due to clinical deterioration of CTEPH, emergency calls. Results and discussion. The results of “cost-effectiveness” Markov pharmacoeconomic modeling showed that riociguat application reveals a dominant position in comparison with the practice of using bosentan with addition of sildenafil for specific therapy at deterioration of patient's condition up to III-IV functional class (FC). Riociguat is characterized by the best values of “cost effectiveness” coefficients according to efficiency criterion of FC increase and the “value of 6-min walk distance test”. The results of analysis of the impact on budget showed that inclusion of riociguat in GVoFMC/CSHI will lead to budget savings of 154 million tenge in the first year, 294 million tenge in the second year and 415 million tenge in the third year compared to the existing clinical practice without riociguat use. Conclusions. On the basis of conducted complex pharmacoeconomic analysis, the application of riociguat in patients with inoperable or persistent/ recurrent form of CTEPH is a more preferable strategy in comparison with the strategy of application of bosentan with addition of sildenafil and will allow to reduce budget expenses within the framework of GVoFMC and CSHI system. Keywords: pulmonary hypertension, chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, riociguat.

scholarly journals Impact of 123I-MIBG Scintigraphy on Clinical Decision-Making in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 3812-3820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipti Rao ◽  
Anouk van Berkel ◽  
Ianthe Piscaer ◽  
William F Young ◽  
Lucinda Gruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Mibg Scintigraphy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Cross Sectional Imaging ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Cross-sectional imaging with CT or MRI is regarded as a first-choice modality for tumor localization in patients with pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). 123I-labeled metaiodobenzylguanidine (123I-MIBG) is widely used for functional imaging but the added diagnostic value is controversial. Objective To establish the virtual impact of adding 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT or MRI on diagnosis and treatment of PPGL. Design International multicenter retrospective study. Intervention None. Patients Two hundred thirty-six unilateral adrenal, 18 bilateral adrenal, 48 unifocal extra-adrenal, 12 multifocal, and 26 metastatic PPGL. Main Outcome Measures Patients underwent both anatomical imaging (CT and/or MRI) and 123I-MIBG scintigraphy. Local imaging reports were analyzed centrally by two independent observers who were blinded to the diagnosis. Imaging-based diagnoses determined by CT/MRI only, 123I-MIBG only, and CT/MRI combined with 123I-MIBG scintigraphy were compared with the correct diagnoses. Results The rates of correct imaging-based diagnoses determined by CT/MRI only versus CT/MRI plus 123I-MIBG scintigraphy were similar: 89.4 versus 88.8%, respectively (P = 0.50). Adding 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT/MRI resulted in a correct change in the imaging-based diagnosis and ensuing virtual treatment in four cases (1.2%: two metastatic instead of nonmetastatic, one multifocal instead of single, one unilateral instead of bilateral adrenal) at the cost of an incorrect change in seven cases (2.1%: four metastatic instead of nonmetastatic, two multifocal instead of unifocal and one bilateral instead of unilateral adrenal). Conclusions For the initial localization of PPGL, the addition of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy to CT/MRI rarely improves the diagnostic accuracy at the cost of incorrect interpretation in others, even when 123I-MIBG scintigraphy is restricted to patients who are at risk for metastatic disease. In this setting, the impact of 123I-MIBG scintigraphy on clinical decision-making appears very limited.

Water Use and Wastewater Flow Reduction in the Citrus Processing Industry

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Jones ◽  
David A. Keough
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
The United States ◽  
Processing Industry ◽  
Florida Department ◽  
Environmental Image ◽  
Treatment And Disposal ◽  
The Cost

The Citrus Processing Industry is faced with increased pressures from a number of different sources to reduce water consumption and wastewater discharges. The Florida Water Management Districts are moving toward more restrictive limits on consumptive use permits. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) are moving toward zero discharge limits for industry wastewater discharges to surface waters, wherever possible. The cost of water consumption and wastewater treatment and disposal are increasing, therefore, there is a significant cost incentive for industry to reduce water consumption and wastewater discharge. A logical and economical approach to addressing this issue is by reduction of: • In-plant water use • Wastewater volume • Wastewater concentrations Implementation of a water use and waste reduction program establishes a pro-active environmental image for the corporations and industry as a whole. Paper published with permission.

scholarly journals Geodetic work during implementation of environmental protection measures for the remediation of oil-contaminated lands

2020 ◽  
Vol 157 ◽  
pp. 02024
Author(s):  
Nina Rogova
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Oil Products ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Gps Receivers ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
The Cost

At the present level, the production, transportation and primary processing of oil products is associated with the problem of environmental pollution. The ingress of oil products into the natural environment leads to negative consequences and requires the enterprise to incur additional costs to eliminate the emergency situation and to take environmental protection measures to restore oil-contaminated territories. To restore contaminated territories on the basis of field surveys, which are based on geodetic work, remediation projects are developed. Remediation is carried out on the basis of a project, the reliability of which is taken into account during field geodetic work on determining the site area. In the course of the calculations, it was found that the use of tacheometric survey can significantly increase the cost of field work. In most cases, to ensure the development of a remediation project, it is enough to use domestic GPS receivers. The use of this class of devices will reduce both the timing of field work and their cost. It should be borne in mind that the accuracy of domestic GPS receivers allows using them in determining sites with an area of more than 0.5 ha.

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