Experiment and Theory of Cutting Forces for Cemented Carbides Based Self-Lubricated Tool Embedded with Solid Lubricants

2010 ◽  
Vol 97-101 ◽  
pp. 1975-1980 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Long Song ◽  
Jian Xin Deng ◽  
Pei Yan ◽  
Z. Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

Four micro-holes were fabricated on the tool-chip contact area of the cemented carbide (WC+14%TiC+6%Co) tool face. MoS2 solid lubricants were embedded into the micro-holes to form self-lubricated tool (SLT-1). Dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with the SLT-1 self-lubricated tool, the SLT-2 tool with four micro-holes on the rake face embedded without solid lubricants and the SLT-3 conventional tool. The variation of cutting forces with cutting speed were tested by the Kistler force tester. The result shows that the three cutting force components of SLT-1 self-lubricated tool decreased obviously. They went down by 25-35% in comparison with those of the SLT-3 tool. And the three force components of SLT-2 tool decreased about 10-14% compared with those of the SLT-3 tool. Through the analysis of cutting force distribution theory and test results, the mechanism of cutting forces decrease was considered to be forming a self-lubricating film on the rake face which decreases the shear stress and the reduction of contact length between the chip and the tool.

scholarly journals Cutting Forces Prediction in the Dry Slotting of Aluminium Stacks

2014 ◽  
Vol 797 ◽  
pp. 47-52
Author(s):  
Jorge Salguero ◽  
Madalina Calamaz ◽  
Moisés Batista ◽  
Franck Girot ◽  
Mariano Marcos Bárcena
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Cutting Process ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Input Variables ◽  
The Individual

Cutting forces are one of the inherent phenomena and a very significant indicator of the metal cutting process. The work presented in this paper is an investigation of the prediction of these parameters in slotting processes of UNS A92024-T3 (Al-Cu) stacks. So, cutting speed (V) and feed per tooth (fz) based parametric models, for experimental components of cutting force, F(fz,V) have been proposed. These models have been developed from the individual models extracted from the marginal adjustment of the cutting force components to each one of the input variables: F(fz) and F(V).

Cutting Performance of Cemented Carbide-Based Self-Lubricating Tool Embedded with CaF2 Solid Lubricants

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 3083-3087
Author(s):  
Wen Long Song ◽  
Li Yin Zhang ◽  
Chang Zhong Xu ◽  
Xuan Qiu Li ◽  
Jian Feng Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lubricants ◽  
Contact Length ◽  
Cutting Performance ◽  
Cemented Carbide ◽  
Rake Face ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Lubricating Film ◽  
Wear And Friction ◽  
Micro Holes ◽  
Conventional Tool

Four micro-holes were made using micro-EDM on the rake face of the cemented carbide (WC/TiC/Co) tools. CaF2solid lubricants were embedded into the microholes to form self-lubricating tool (SLT-1). Dry machining tests on hardened steel were carried out with the SLT-1 self-lubricating tool and conventional tool (SLT-2). The cutting forces, tool wear and friction coefficient were measured and compared. It was shown that the cutting performance of SLT-1 self-lubricating tool was greatly improved compared with that of the SLT-2 conventional tool. Through the analysis of cutting force theory and test results, the mechanism of cutting performance improvement was considered to be the formation of a self-lubricating film on the rake face which decreases the shear stress and the reduction of contact length between chip and tool.

Application of Taguchi Method for Cutting Force Optimization in Metal Machining

2015 ◽  
Vol 669 ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Julia Hricova
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Single Action ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

To evaluate and optimize the cutting process from the effective, qualitative and economic point of view, the detailed knowledge about size, direction and orientation of cutting forces is necessary. Cutting forces are an important indicator of machining performance. It helps to understand every single action which occurs during the machining process. In this study, the influence of selected cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) on the behavior of cutting force components were experimentally investigated. AlMgSi1 aluminum alloy (EN AW 6082) was milled in dry and wet machining conditions utilizing uncoated sintered carbide end mills with a different helix angle. Cutting force components were measured and statistically analyzed with using of ANOVA.

scholarly journals Experiments in the Machining of Ice at Negative Rake Angles

1984 ◽  
Vol 30 (104) ◽  
pp. 77-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.K. Lieu ◽  
C.D. Mote
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Chip Formation ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Rake Angle ◽  
Cutting Depth ◽  
Orthogonal Machining ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

AbstractThe cutting force components and the cutting moment on the cutting tool were measured during the orthogonal machining of ice with cutting tools inclined at negative rake angles. The variables included the cutting depth (< 1 mm), the cutting speed (0.01 ms−1to 1 ms−1), and the rake angles (–15° to –60°). Results of the experiments showed that the cutting force components were approximately independent of cutting speed. The resultant cutting force on the tool was in a direction approximately normal to the cutting face of the tool. The magnitude of the resultant force increased with the negative rake angle. Photographs of ice-chip formation revealed continuous and segmented chips at different cutting depths.

scholarly journals Trochoidal Milling and Neural Networks Simulation of Magnesium Alloys

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ireneusz Zagórski ◽  
Monika Kulisz ◽  
Mariusz Kłonica ◽  
Jakub Matuszak
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Multilayered Perceptron ◽  
Force Components

This paper set out to investigate the effect of cutting speed vc and trochoidal step str modification on selected machinability parameters (the cutting force components and vibration). In addition, for a more detailed analysis, selected surface roughness parameters were investigated. The research was carried out for two grades of magnesium alloys—AZ91D and AZ31—and aimed to determine stable machining parameters and to investigate the dynamics of the milling process, i.e., the resulting change in the cutting force components and in vibration. The tests were performed for the specified range of cutting parameters: vc = 400–1200 m/min and str = 5–30%. The results demonstrate a significant effect of cutting data modification on the parameter under scrutiny—the increase in vc resulted in the reduction of the cutting force components and the displacement and level of vibration recorded in tests. Selected cutting parameters were modelled by means of Statistica Artificial Neural Networks (Radial Basis Function and Multilayered Perceptron), which, furthermore, confirmed the suitability of neural networks as a tool for prediction of the cutting force and vibration in milling of magnesium alloys.

Metallurgical methods of improving the machinability of structural steels to increase the productivity of processing in the conditions of automated production

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Steel ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Tool Life ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Structural Steels ◽  
Automated Production ◽  
Metallic Inclusions ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

The influence of non-metallic inclusions on the main indicators of steel machinability is investigated. The influence of non-metallic inclusions on the cutting force is determined. Generalized formulas for calculating tool life, cutting speed and cutting force components are proposed. Keywords: machinability, productivity, structural steel, non-metallic inclusions. [email protected]

scholarly journals Effect of the Relative Position of the Face Milling Tool towards the Workpiece on Machined Surface Roughness and Milling Dynamics

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 842 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danil Pimenov ◽  
Amauri Hassui ◽  
Szymon Wojciechowski ◽  
Mozammel Mia ◽  
Aristides Magri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Relative Position ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Face Milling ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Face Mill ◽  
The Face ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

In face milling one of the most important parameters of the process quality is the roughness of the machined surface. In many articles, the influence of cutting regimes on the roughness and cutting forces of face milling is considered. However, during flat face milling with the milling width B lower than the cutter’s diameter D, the influence of such an important parameter as the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece and the milling kinematics (Up or Down milling) on the cutting force components and the roughness of the machined surface has not been sufficiently studied. At the same time, the values of the cutting force components can vary significantly depending on the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece, and thus have a different effect on the power expended on the milling process. Having studied this influence, it is possible to formulate useful recommendations for a technologist who creates a technological process using face milling operations. It is possible to choose such a relative position of the face mill and workpiece that will provide the smallest value of the surface roughness obtained by face milling. This paper shows the influence of the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece and milling kinematics on the components of the cutting forces, the acceleration of the machine spindle in the process of face milling (considering the rotation of the mill for a full revolution), and on the surface roughness obtained by face milling. Practical recommendations on the assignment of the relative position of the face mill towards the workpiece and the milling kinematics are given.

Modelling and Analysis of Relationship between Cutting Parameters Surface Roughness and Cutting Forces Using Response Surface Methodology when Hard Turning with Coated Ceramic Inserts

2016 ◽  
Vol 686 ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ildikó Maňková ◽  
Marek Vrabeľ ◽  
Jozef Beňo ◽  
Mária Franková
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Oxide Ceramic ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

Experimental research and modeling in the field of turning hardened bearing steel with hardness of 62 HRC using TiN coated mixed oxide ceramic inserts is presented. The main objective of the article is investigation the relationship between cutting parameters (cutting speed and feed rate) and output machining variables (surface roughness and cutting force components) through the response surface methodology (RSM). The mathematical model of the effect of process parameters on the cutting force components and surface roughness is presented. Moreover, the influence of TiN coating on above mentioned variables was monitored. The design of experiment according to Taguchi L9 orthogonal matrix (32) was applied for trials. Pearson´s correlation matrix was used to examine the dependence between the factors (f, vc) and the machining variables (surface roughness and cutting force components). The results show how much surface roughness and cutting force components is influenced by cutting speed and feed in hard turning with coated ceramics.

An Experimental Study on Cutting Forces in the Threading and the Side Cut Turning With Coated and Uncoated Grades

2010 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Firat Kafkas
Keyword(s):  
Cutting Force ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
Dynamic Force ◽  
Low Alloy Steels ◽  
Workpiece Material ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components

The objective of this study is to obtain the cutting force components on the threading insert. The cutting force data used in the analysis are measured by a three-dimensional dynamic force dynamometer. The AISI 4140 and AISI 4340 low alloy steels are selected for the experiment on the threading and the side cut turning. The inserts used for testing is the TiAlN coated and uncoated grades. LT22NR35ISO type insert is used in the experiment. During the experiments, no cutting fluid and a constant spindle speed is used. The thread pitch and the depth of cut were kept fixed at 3.5 mm and 0.05 mm for the radial feed per pass, respectively. The study emphasizes on the effects on the workpiece material and the cutting tool grade of the cutting force components that occur during the threading. Also, these results are compared with the findings that are obtained during the side cut turning. It is determined that the measured primary cutting and radial forces during the threading are approximately three times bigger than those during the side cut turning, although feed forces during the threading are approximately 30 times lower compared with the side cut turning. The TiAlN coated WC/Co grade shows the best performance with respect to the cutting force components. The specific cutting forces are determined in order to understand the interference of chips that occur during the threading. With the increase in the cumulative radial feed, the corresponding specific cutting forces become higher. It is reasoned that the difference in the specific cutting forces results from the alteration of the interference of the flowing chips. The specific cutting forces decrease in the beginning of the threading and then increases with the cumulative radial feed. The results show that the interference of the chip flow influences the threading force components to a very large extent.

Effects of AlCl3 Additive on Cutting Forces and Diamond Wear Rate While Cutting Granite With a Single Diamond

1980 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-17
Author(s):  
F. C. Appl ◽  
B. N. Rao ◽  
B. H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Wear Rate ◽  
Cutting Force ◽  
Aluminum Chloride ◽  
Cutting Forces ◽  
Surfactant Solution ◽  
Cutting Fluid ◽  
Diamond Cutting ◽  
Cutting Force Components ◽  
Force Components ◽  
Diamond Cutting Tool

The effects of surfactant solution aluminum chloride on cutting granite rock with a diamond were investigated experimentally. Tests were conducted by cutting on the cylindrical surface of a granite cylinder in a lathe with a single spherically shaped diamond cutting tool. The cutting fluid consisted of various concentrations of aluminum chloride in deionized distilled water. The cutting force components were determined by means of a tool post dynamometer and were recorded continuously during the tests. Diamond wear was determined by periodically photographing the wear flat through an optical miscroscope. Results indicate that cutting forces and diamond wear rate are influenced by the additive. The normal cutting force is maximum at a concentration of 7 × 10−6 molar, and the tangential cutting force is maximum at 3 × 10−6 while the diamond wear rate is minimum at 3 × 10−6 molar. It is also found that there is an effect of concentration on relative tool life for constant depth cutting, but that maximum life occurs at higher levels of concentration.

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