Self-Oscillating Gel as Smart Materials

2008 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Ph Control ◽  
Control Site ◽  
Biological Condition ◽  
Bz Reaction ◽  
Gel Beads ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Microfabrication Technique ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Linear Polymer Chain

We have developed polymer and gels with an autonomous self-oscillating function by utilizing the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction. Under the coexistence of the substrates, the polymer undergoes spontaneous cyclic soluble-insoluble changes or swelling-deswelling changes (in the case of gel) without any on-off switching of external stimuli. By using microfabrication technique, ciliary motion actuator or self-walking gel have been demonstrated. Further, in order to realize nano-actuator, the linear polymer chain and the submicrometer-sized gel beads were prepared. By grafting the polymers or arraying the gel beads on the surface of substrates, we have attempted to design self-oscillating surface as nano-conveyer. For application to biomaterials, it is necessary to cause the self-oscillation under biological condition without using non-biorelated BZ substrates. So we attempted to introduce pH-control site and oxidant-supplying site into the polymer. By using the polymer, self-oscillation only in the existence of biorelated organic acid was actually achieved.

Self-Oscillating Polymer Gels as Novel Smart Materials

2012 ◽  
Vol 1403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryo Yoshida
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Polymer Gels ◽  
Metal Catalyst ◽  
Polymer Gel ◽  
Functional Material ◽  
Bz Reaction ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Biomimetic Polymer ◽  
Biomimetic Actuators ◽  
External Stimuli

ABSTRACTAs a novel biomimetic polymer gel, we have been studying polymer gels with an autonomous self-oscillating function, since firstly reported in 1996. For developing the polymer gels, we utilized oscillating chemical reaction, called the Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, which is recognized as a chemical model for understanding several autonomous phenomena in biological systems. The self-oscillating polymer gel is composed of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) network in which the metal catalyst for the BZ reaction is covalently immobilized. Under the coexistence of the reactants, the polymer undergoes spontaneous swelling-deswelling changes (in the case of gel) or cyclic soluble-insoluble changes (in the case of an uncrosslinked polymer) without any on-off switching of external stimuli. Several kinds of functional material systems utilizing self-oscillating polymers and gels such as biomimetic actuators, mass transport surface, etc. are expected. Here recent progress on self-oscillating polymers and gels and the design of functional material systems are summarized.

scholarly journals Swimming like algae: biomimetic soft artificial cilia

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (78) ◽  
pp. 20120666 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sina Sareh ◽  
Jonathan Rossiter ◽  
Andrew Conn ◽  
Knut Drescher ◽  
Raymond E. Goldstein
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Fluid Transport ◽  
Metal Composite ◽  
Ionic Polymer ◽  
Piecewise Constant ◽  
Ciliary Motion ◽  
Thrust Generation ◽  
Artificial Cilia ◽  
Segmentation Pattern ◽  
Polymer Metal

Cilia are used effectively in a wide variety of biological systems from fluid transport to thrust generation. Here, we present the design and implementation of artificial cilia, based on a biomimetic planar actuator using soft-smart materials. This actuator is modelled on the cilia movement of the alga Volvox , and represents the cilium as a piecewise constant-curvature robotic actuator that enables the subsequent direct translation of natural articulation into a multi-segment ionic polymer metal composite actuator. It is demonstrated how the combination of optimal segmentation pattern and biologically derived per-segment driving signals reproduce natural ciliary motion. The amenability of the artificial cilia to scaling is also demonstrated through the comparison of the Reynolds number achieved with that of natural cilia.

scholarly journals Mixed Polymer Brushes for “Smart” Surfaces

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxiao Li ◽  
Christian W. Pester
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
External Stimuli

Mixed polymer brushes (MPBs) are composed of two or more disparate polymers covalently tethered to a substrate. The resulting phase segregated morphologies have been extensively studied as responsive “smart” materials, as they can be reversible tuned and switched by external stimuli. Both computational and experimental work has attempted to establish an understanding of the resulting nanostructures that vary as a function of many factors. This contribution highlights state-of-the-art MPBs studies, covering synthetic approaches, phase behavior, responsiveness to external stimuli as well as novel applications of MPBs. Current limitations are recognized and possible directions for future studies are identified.

Inspired smart materials with external stimuli responsive wettability: a review

RSC Advances ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (43) ◽  
pp. 36623-36641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fei Guo ◽  
Zhiguang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Stimuli Responsive ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
External Stimuli

Recent progress in smart surfaces with responsive wettability upon external stimuli is reviewed and some of the barriers and potentially promising breakthroughs in this field are also briefly discussed.

scholarly journals Dynamic experiences generated by sensory features through smart material driven design

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Marta González-Colominas
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Sensory Interactions ◽  
Sensory Map ◽  
External Stimuli

Materials can be considered the interface of a product as they mediate between user, environment and object (Karana, Pedgley and Rognoli 2014). They characterize the physical world and generate a continuous flow of sensory interactions. In this age of mass production, engineers and designers are in a unique position to use the opportunities presented by materials development and apply them in creative ways to trigger meaningful user experiences. Dynamism is considered a very promising material experience in terms of creating meaningful interactions, and, consequently, user attachment to a product (Rognoli, Ferrara and Arquilla 2016). Dynamic products are those that show sensory features that change over time in a proactive and reversible way, activating one or more user’s sensory modalities and aiming at enhancing the user’s experience (Colombo 2016). Smart materials could be considered the most suitable candidates to provide dynamic experiences. They react to external stimuli, such as pressure, temperature or the electric field, changing properties such as shape or colour. They are capable of both sensing and responding to the environment, as well as exerting active control of their responses (Addington and Schodek 2004). Compared to understanding traditional materials, smart materials involve additional technical complexity. The aim of this paper is to share how the Material Driven Design (MDD) method (Karana et al. 2015) has been applied and to analyse a set of 10 projects, grouped into 5 case studies, developed by students from ELISAVA over the last 3 years to improve ways to implement the method. We have analysed the case studies in terms of the changes observed in the sensory features, using a sensory map proposed by Sara Colombo (Colombo 2016). By comparing different projects, the paper shows how the sensorial aspects are invoked by different smart material properties. The 5 case studies have integrated the smart materials into functional prototypes for different application sectors, such as healthcare, energy harvesting or fashion. We have found that only three sensory modalities (sound, sight and touch) were involved in the user experience, with sight being the most predominant sensory perception. This study aims to serve as a springboard for other scholars interested in designing dynamic products with smart materials.

Carbon Nanotubes: A Solution for Processing Smart Biomaterials

2010 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 3-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Vila ◽  
Miguel Manzano ◽  
Maria Vallet-Regí
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Structural Material ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Electro Optic ◽  
Smart Biomaterials ◽  
External Stimuli

In the recent years the driving force for technological change in many respects has shifted towards the design and process of materials that offer a set of responses to external stimuli or environmental conditions. These materials are called “smart materials”. Such responses are designed to fulfil the range of scenarios to which a material or structure may be exposed providing them with a particular functionality. These materials are not only useful because of their structural, chemical, physical or mechanical properties; they can also perform an action within a process. It has been described that smart structures exhibit one or more of the following features; they can act as sensors or actuators within a structural material or bonded in the surface; or they have controllable capabilities that permit to respond to the stimuli according to a prescribed function. These materials become intelligent when they have the ability to respond intelligently and autonomously to changing conditions. There are lots of possibilities within the term functional “smart materials” but in all of them, the term is used to describe systems which respond to a stimulus in a useful and predictable manner. Nowadays it is widely known the useful capability of, piezoelectric, electro-optic, magnetic, electro-mechanic materials, etc…that respond to stimuli such as, electric or magnetic fields, stress, temperature, moisture or pH. These multifunctional character and capability of biomaterials makes them suitable for a big number of applications in every order of human activity, from photochromic lenses for sunglasses to military and aerospace uses. They are already a big part of the market in the engineering industry.

A GLASS TRANSITION MODEL FOR SHAPE MEMORY POLYMER AND ITS COMPOSITE

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1248-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
BO ZHOU ◽  
YAN-JU LIU ◽  
XIN LAN ◽  
JIN-SONG LENG ◽  
SUNG-HO YOON
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Transition Model ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Material Temperature ◽  
Fiber Fabric

As novel smart materials, shape memory polymer (SMP) and its composite (SMPC) have the ability to regain its original shape after undergoing significant deformation upon heating or other external stimuli such as light, chemic condition and so on. Their special behaviors much depends on the glass transitions due to the increasing of material temperature. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests are performed on the styrene-based SMP and its carbon fiber fabric reinforced SMPC to investigate their glass transition behaviors. Three glass transition critical temperatures of SMP or SMPC are defined and a method to determine their values from DMA tests is supposed. A glass transition model is developed to describe the glass transition behaviors of SMP or SMPC based on the results of DMA tests. Numerical calculations illustrate the method determining the glass transition critical temperature is reasonable and the model can well predict the glass transition behaviors of SMP or SMPC.

A state of art on magneto-rheological materials and their potential applications

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 2051-2095 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raju Ahamed ◽  
Seung-Bok Choi ◽  
Md Meftahul Ferdaus
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Materials Modeling ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Magneto Rheological ◽  
Designed Materials ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Smart materials are kinds of designed materials whose properties are controllable with the application of external stimuli such as the magnetic field, electric field, stress, and heat. Smart materials whose rheological properties are controlled by externally applied magnetic field are known as magneto-rheological materials. Magneto-rheological materials actively used for engineering applications include fluids, foams, grease, elastomers, and plastomers. In the last two decades, magneto-rheological materials have gained great attention of researchers significantly because of their salient controllable properties and potential applications to various fields such as automotive industry, civil environment, and military sector. This article offers a recent progressive review on the magneto-rheological materials technology, especially focusing on numerous application devices and systems utilizing magneto-rheological materials. Conceivable limitations, challenges, and comparable advantages of applying these magneto-rheological materials in various sectors are analyzed critically, which provides a clear pathway to the researchers in selecting and utilizing these materials. The review starts with an introduction to the elementary description of magneto-rheological materials and their significant contribution in various fields. Following this, different types of the magneto-rheological materials, modeling of the magneto-rheological materials, magneto-rheological material–based devices, and their applications have been extensively reviewed to promote practical use of magneto-rheological materials in a wide spectrum of the application from the automobile to medical device.

scholarly journals Multi-Color Emission with Orthogonal Input Triggers from a Diarylethene Pyrene-OTHO Organogelator Cocktail

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark D. Johnstone ◽  
Chin-wei hsu ◽  
Nicolas Hochbaum ◽  
Joakim Andréasson, Andréasson ◽  
Henrik Sundén
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Gel Phase ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
Color Emission

<div><div><div><p>Controlling spectral and physicochemical properties with external stimuli is vital for the development of smart materials. Here we demonstrate a supramolecular gelator based on a fluorescent oxotriphenylhexanoate (OTHO) that can switch emission profiles between the solution and gel phase. Furthermore, a cocktail of the gelator and a photochromic diarylethene derivative enables four distinct emissive states to be obtained, which are modulated with light and heat as orthogonal input triggers.</p></div></div></div>

Self-Oscillating Behaviors of Negatively Charged Polymer Chain Induced by the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 181-182 ◽  
pp. 206-211
Author(s):  
Yusuke Hara ◽  
Rumana A. Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Solution ◽  
Polymer Chain ◽  
Control Site ◽  
The Self ◽  
Sodium Bromate ◽  
Bz Reaction ◽  
Free Condition ◽  
Ru Catalyst ◽  
Damping Behavior ◽  
Belousov Zhabotinsky Reaction

In this paper, we studied the effect of the temperature and the initial concentration of sodium bromate (NaBrO3) on the aggregation-disaggregation self-oscillation for a polymer chain. The polymer chain consisted of N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAAm), Ru catalyst of the BZ reaction and Acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) as a solubility control site. The concentration of sodium bromate and the temperature significantly affected the self-oscillating behavior and the period of the aggregation-disaggregation self-oscillation. Moreover, the amplitude of the aggregation-disaggregation self-oscillation of the AMPS-containing polymer solution decreased with time. The damping behavior is originating from the increase in the size of the polymer chain. In addition, this study clarified that the period of the self-oscillation of the AMPS-containing polymer solution in the strongly acidic condition was significantly shorter than that in the acid-free condition.

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