scholarly journals Dynamic experiences generated by sensory features through smart material driven design

2018 ◽  
pp. 48-59
Author(s):  
Marta González-Colominas
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Sensory Features ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Sensory Interactions ◽  
Sensory Map ◽  
External Stimuli

Materials can be considered the interface of a product as they mediate between user, environment and object (Karana, Pedgley and Rognoli 2014). They characterize the physical world and generate a continuous flow of sensory interactions. In this age of mass production, engineers and designers are in a unique position to use the opportunities presented by materials development and apply them in creative ways to trigger meaningful user experiences. Dynamism is considered a very promising material experience in terms of creating meaningful interactions, and, consequently, user attachment to a product (Rognoli, Ferrara and Arquilla 2016). Dynamic products are those that show sensory features that change over time in a proactive and reversible way, activating one or more user’s sensory modalities and aiming at enhancing the user’s experience (Colombo 2016). Smart materials could be considered the most suitable candidates to provide dynamic experiences. They react to external stimuli, such as pressure, temperature or the electric field, changing properties such as shape or colour. They are capable of both sensing and responding to the environment, as well as exerting active control of their responses (Addington and Schodek 2004). Compared to understanding traditional materials, smart materials involve additional technical complexity. The aim of this paper is to share how the Material Driven Design (MDD) method (Karana et al. 2015) has been applied and to analyse a set of 10 projects, grouped into 5 case studies, developed by students from ELISAVA over the last 3 years to improve ways to implement the method. We have analysed the case studies in terms of the changes observed in the sensory features, using a sensory map proposed by Sara Colombo (Colombo 2016). By comparing different projects, the paper shows how the sensorial aspects are invoked by different smart material properties. The 5 case studies have integrated the smart materials into functional prototypes for different application sectors, such as healthcare, energy harvesting or fashion. We have found that only three sensory modalities (sound, sight and touch) were involved in the user experience, with sight being the most predominant sensory perception. This study aims to serve as a springboard for other scholars interested in designing dynamic products with smart materials.

Smart Material Actuation of Multi-Locomotion Robot

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jovana Jovanova ◽  
Simona Domazetovska ◽  
Vasko Changoski
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Shape Change ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
The Body ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Morphological Computation ◽  
Sma Spring ◽  
Functional Prototype ◽  
External Stimuli

Abstract The focus of this research is modeling, simulation and prototyping of multi-locomotion bio-inspired robot. The actuation is based on shape memory alloys (SMAs) smart materials to achieve different styles of movements. Soft-bodied robots have potential to exploit morphological computation to adapt and interact with reduced control complexity. Observing the movement of a caterpillar that could produce different locomotion such as crawling and rolling, our team designed and developed a bio-inspired robot. Analytical models of the different bio-inspired movements are derived and analyzed in Matlab in this work. The models rely on segmented approach actuated by smart materials in order to achieve the desired position. Smart material actuators are a promising but challenging actuation mechanism because of their design, large deformation possibilities, external stimuli shape change and high power density. The body parts are from a soft silicon elastomer. Between the silicone body parts, SMA spring are embedded, used as actuation force. Between the two segments, SMA spring as actuators are generation strain to bend the body and achieve crawling and lifting. This work is initial modeling for multi locomotion of soft bio-inspired robot and will be followed by a detailed analytical and numerical modeling and simulation, finalizing with a functional prototype.

scholarly journals Smart Experience in Fashion Design: A Speculative Analysis of Smart Material Systems Applications

Arts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 4
Author(s):  
Marinella Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Design Research ◽  
Design Thinking ◽  
Human Perception ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Fashion Design ◽  
Material Systems ◽  
Limited Edition ◽  
Smart Material Systems ◽  
Design Scenario

During the last decade, smart materials and systems have increasingly impacted several niches, including ‘one-off/limited edition experimental fashion’. As the traditional boundaries between what is art and what was not supposed to be art are now turning into osmotic membranes, we will speculatively focus on how ‘smart material systems’ are highly contributing to outline a new creative landscape full of interesting and compelling issues. Introducing three different sub-niches of experimental fashion—multi-sensory dresses, empathic dresses, and bio-smart dresses—this article outlines the emergence of a new smart design scenario. Then, we critically discuss some of the implications of the developing research in terms of design thinking and design aesthetics. This paper aims to contribute to the topic of next design scenario, demonstrating how design research is increasingly affecting the extension of human perception, emotions, and the concept of ‘almost-living’ entities, projecting towards the redefinition of relationships with materials and objects.

scholarly journals Exploiting Proximity-Based Mobile Apps for Large-Scale Location Privacy Probing

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuang Zhao ◽  
Xiapu Luo ◽  
Xiaobo Ma ◽  
Bo Bai ◽  
Yankang Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Real World ◽  
Emission Reduction ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Location Privacy ◽  
Mobile Apps ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Typical Type ◽  
Location Spoofing

Proximity-based apps have been changing the way people interact with each other in the physical world. To help people extend their social networks, proximity-based nearby-stranger (NS) apps that encourage people to make friends with nearby strangers have gained popularity recently. As another typical type of proximity-based apps, some ridesharing (RS) apps allowing drivers to search nearby passengers and get their ridesharing requests also become popular due to their contribution to economy and emission reduction. In this paper, we concentrate on the location privacy of proximity-based mobile apps. By analyzing the communication mechanism, we find that many apps of this type are vulnerable to large-scale location spoofing attack (LLSA). We accordingly propose three approaches to performing LLSA. To evaluate the threat of LLSA posed to proximity-based mobile apps, we perform real-world case studies against an NS app named Weibo and an RS app called Didi. The results show that our approaches can effectively and automatically collect a huge volume of users’ locations or travel records, thereby demonstrating the severity of LLSA. We apply the LLSA approaches against nine popular proximity-based apps with millions of installations to evaluate the defense strength. We finally suggest possible countermeasures for the proposed attacks.

Who is in the Room? Notification for Intrusions While in Virtual Reality

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 521-525
Author(s):  
Aaron Crowson ◽  
Zachary H. Pugh ◽  
Michael Wilkinson ◽  
Christopher B. Mayhorn
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Visual Field ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Visual Modality ◽  
Auditory Modality ◽  
Oculus Rift ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Sensory Modalities ◽  
Orientation Type

The development of head-mounted display virtual reality systems (e.g., Oculus Rift, HTC Vive) has resulted in an increasing need to represent the physical world while immersed in the virtual. Current research has focused on representing static objects in the physical room, but there has been little research into notifying VR users of changes in the environment. This study investigates how different sensory modalities affect noticeability and comprehension of notifications designed to alert head-mounted display users when a person enters his/her area of use. In addition, this study investigates how the use of an orientation type notification aids in perception of alerts that manifest outside a virtual reality users’ visual field. Results of a survey indicated that participants perceived the auditory modality as more effective regardless of notification type. An experiment corroborated these findings for the person notifications; however, the visual modality was in practice more effective for orientation notifications.

Design of a Bone Transport Device Using Smart Material Actuators

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuehao Luo ◽  
Parsaoran Hutapea
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Transport Process ◽  
Bone Transport ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Appropriate Technology ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Design Concepts ◽  
Periosteal Surface ◽  
Transport Device

The ultimate goal of our research is to develop a wireless, remotely activated, and implantable bone transport (lengthening) device. Our device is subcutaneously mounted on the periosteal surface of the tibia. Smart materials such as temperature-driven nitinol and magnetostrictive terfenol-D were investigated to be used as actuators to provide the required forces for the bone transport process. It was found that an actuator based on terfenol-D with a magnetic field applied transversely (along the material’s magnetic moment) was the more appropriate technology. Design concepts and proof-of-concept work of both smart material technologies are presented.

On the Acquisition of Attitude Verbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentine Hacquard ◽  
Jeffrey Lidz
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Online Publication ◽  
Indirect Evidence ◽  
Mental States ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Annual Review ◽  
Publication Date ◽  
Attitude Verbs ◽  
Internal Mental States

Attitude verbs, such as think, want, and know, describe internal mental states that leave few cues as to their meanings in the physical world. Consequently, their acquisition requires learners to draw from indirect evidence stemming from the linguistic and conversational contexts in which they occur. This provides us a unique opportunity to probe the linguistic and cognitive abilities that children deploy in acquiring these words. Through a few case studies, we show how children make use of syntactic and pragmatic cues to figure out attitude verb meanings and how their successes, and even their mistakes, reveal remarkable conceptual, linguistic, and pragmatic sophistication. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Linguistics, Volume 8 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

scholarly journals Mixed Polymer Brushes for “Smart” Surfaces

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingxiao Li ◽  
Christian W. Pester
Keyword(s):  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Experimental Work ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Smart Surfaces ◽  
Synthetic Approaches ◽  
Novel Applications ◽  
External Stimuli

Mixed polymer brushes (MPBs) are composed of two or more disparate polymers covalently tethered to a substrate. The resulting phase segregated morphologies have been extensively studied as responsive “smart” materials, as they can be reversible tuned and switched by external stimuli. Both computational and experimental work has attempted to establish an understanding of the resulting nanostructures that vary as a function of many factors. This contribution highlights state-of-the-art MPBs studies, covering synthetic approaches, phase behavior, responsiveness to external stimuli as well as novel applications of MPBs. Current limitations are recognized and possible directions for future studies are identified.

scholarly journals Dynamical Analysis Applied to Passive Control of Vibrations in a Structural Model Incorporating SMA-SE Coil Springs

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuri J. O. Moraes ◽  
Antonio A. Silva ◽  
Marcelo C. Rodrigues ◽  
Antonio G. B. de Lima ◽  
Rômulo P. B. dos Reis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Materials ◽  
Passive Control ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Forced Vibrations ◽  
Dynamical Analysis ◽  
Modal Shape ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Second Mode ◽  
Structure Configuration

Mechanical vibrations are severe phenomena of the physical world. These oscillations may become undesirable and may cause temporary and even irreversible damage to the system. There are several techniques to minimizing these vibration effects ranging from passive methods to the use of controllers with smart materials. In this sense, this study aims to analyze a passive vibration control system installed in a structure that simulates two-floor buildings. This system based on the incorporation of one SMA-SE (Superelastic Shape Memory Alloys) coil springs configuration for energy dissipation and the addition of damping. Modal analysis was performed using analytical, numerical, and experimental methods. In an experimental basis, response amplitudes were analyzed for free and forced vibrations in different configurations. As compared with the structure configuration with steel spring, the forced vibrations FRF (Frequency Response Function) analysis showed a reduction in displacement transmissibility of up to 51% for the first modal shape and 73% for the second mode in the SMA-SE coil spring configuration. As for damping, there was a considerable increase in the order of 59% in the first mode and 119% in the second, for the SMA-SE springs configuration.

scholarly journals Evolution of Clustering Quantified by a Stochastic Method—Case Studies on Natural and Human Social Structures

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 7972
Author(s):  
G.-Fivos Sargentis ◽  
Theano Iliopoulou ◽  
Stavroula Sigourou ◽  
Panayiotis Dimitriadis ◽  
Demetris Koutsoyiannis
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Physical World ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Organizational Needs ◽  
The Universe

Clustering structures appearing from small to large scales are ubiquitous in the physical world. Interestingly, clustering structures are omnipresent in human history too, ranging from the mere organization of life in societies (e.g., urbanization) to the development of large-scale infrastructure and policies for meeting organizational needs. Indeed, in its struggle for survival and progress, mankind has perpetually sought the benefits of unions. At the same time, it is acknowledged that as the scale of the projects grows, the cost of the delivered products is reduced while their quantities are maximized. Thus, large-scale infrastructures and policies are considered advantageous and are constantly being pursued at even great scales. This work develops a general method to quantify the temporal evolution of clustering, using a stochastic computational tool called 2D-C, which is applicable for the study of both natural and human social spatial structures. As case studies, the evolution of the structure of the universe, of ecosystems and of human clustering structures such as urbanization, are investigated using novel sources of spatial information. Results suggest the clear existence both of periods of clustering and declustering in the natural world and in the human social structures; yet clustering is the general trend. In view of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, societal challenges arising from large-scale clustering structures are discussed.

scholarly journals 4D printing – revolution or fad?

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eujin Pei
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Additive Manufacture ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Manufacturing Technologies ◽  
Review State

Purpose – This feature article aims to review state-of-the-art developments in additive manufacture, in particular, 4D printing. It discusses what it is, what research has been carried out and maps potential applications and its future impact. Design/methodology/approach – The article first defines additive manufacturing technologies and goes on to describe the state-of-the-art. Following which the paper examines several case studies and maps a trend that shows an emergence of 4D printing. Findings – The case studies highlight a particular specialization within additive manufacture where the use of adaptive, biomimetic composites can be programmed to reshape, or have embedded properties or functionality that transform themselves when subjected to external stimuli. Originality/value – This paper discusses the state-of-the-art of additive manufacture, discussing strategies that can be used to reduce the print process (such as through kinematics); and the use of smart materials where parts adapt themselves in response to the surrounding environment supporting the notion of self-assemblies.

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