Effect of Rolling Deformation on Corrosion Behaviour of AISI 304L in 3% NaCl Solution

2021 ◽  
Vol 406 ◽  
pp. 375-384
Author(s):  
Lazhar Yahia ◽  
Elamine Nouicer ◽  
Fatima Zohra Benlahreche
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Rolling Deformation

It is well known that the mechanical resistance of austenitic stainless steels can be increased considerably by cold rolling process.¶ The cold rolling effect on corrosion resistance of AISI 304L stainless steel in 3% Sodium Chloride solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation and by Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM). The pitting corrosion in this environment is related to the rate of cold deformation. The cold rolling induces important changes in the microstructure and involves phase transformation (γ→a'). The AISI 304L developes martensitic structure after 16% cold working. The potentiodynamic results show a moderate variation of the passivity zone, a remarkable decrease in the pitting potential and a free potential. The results also show an increase in the current density. However, it seems that the critical deformation rate appears to start at approximately 50% of the rolling deformation where the passivation current is minimal. After the polarisation tests, metastable pits are observed using SEM and the most probable initiation causes are discussed

Microstructure and Final Properties of Cold-Rolled Ti-32.5Nb-6.8Zr-2.7Sn-0.3O Biomedical β Titanium Alloy

2017 ◽  
Vol 886 ◽  
pp. 59-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Bo Lan ◽  
Li Li Guo ◽  
Feng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Coefficient Of Thermal Expansion ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Dislocation Slip ◽  
Low Elastic Modulus ◽  
Universal Material Testing Machine ◽  
Material Testing Machine

Ti-32.5Nb-6.8Zr-2.7Sn-0.3O (TNZSO, wt%) alloy was melted under a high-purity argon atmosphere in an electric arc furnace, followed by cold-rolling. The effects of rolling process on microstructures and final properties were investigated using OM, XRD, TEM, TMA and universal material testing machine. Results show that no stress-induced α" martensite transformation occurred after cold-rolling. The plastic deformation mechanisms of the alloy were related to {112}〈111〉 type deformation twins and dislocation slip. With the increase of cold deformation reductions, the elastic modulus slightly decreased owing to the increase of dislocation density. The 90% cold deformed sample exhibited a great potential to become a new candidate for biomedical applications since it possesses low elastic modulus (55.3 GPa) and high tensile strength (1093 MPa), which are superior than those of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. The coefficient of thermal expansion was also low (~6×10-6°C-1 between 25 and 320°C) in the 90% CR alloy.

Cold Deformation Effect on Microstructure and on the Hydrogen Permeability of Low Carbon Al-Killed Steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fábián Enikő-Réka
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Hydrogen Permeability ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Low Carbon Steel ◽  
Rolling Process ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Deformation Degree ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Texture Modification ◽  
Hot Rolled

The cold rolling effect on the hydrogen permeability (TH value) and on the microstructure have been studied on samples prepared from Al-killed low carbon steel sheets after several cold rolling levels. The TH values of the hot rolled strips were very short, but due to the cold rolling increase exponentially. The fragmentation of large cementite phase has a significant influence on the evolution of texture during the cold rolling process. The cold deformation effects on the TH value were studied on four annealed enamelling grade steel sheets also. Depending on the carbides sizes and carbides position in ferrite grains after annealing the TH values increase or decrease after low deformation degrees, due to the steel texture modification and dislocation character. Dislocations act as major tripping site for hydrogen, if deformation degree is higher than 30%.

scholarly journals Improvement in the microhardness and corrosion behaviour of Ti-14Mn biomedical alloy by cold working

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Gouda ◽  
Salah Salman ◽  
Saad Ebied
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Solution Treatment ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mechanical Properties And Corrosion

Abstract β-titanium alloys are essential in many applications, particularly biomedical applications. Ti-14Mn β-type alloy was produced using an electric arc furnace from raw alloying elements in an inert atmosphere. The alloy was homogenized at 1000 °C for 8 hr to ensure the complete composition distribution, followed by solution treatment at 900 °C, then quenched in ice water. The alloy was subjected to cold deformation via cold rolling with different ratios: 10, 30, and 90%. The phases change, microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion resistance of Ti-14Mn alloys were evaluated before and after cold rolling. The results showed that the β-phase is the only existed phase even after a high degree of deformation. The microstructure shows a combination of twinning and slipping deformation mechanisms in the deformed alloy. Microhardness values indicated a linear increase equal to 30% by increasing the ratio of cold deformation due to the strain hardening effect. The corrosion resistance of Ti-14Mn alloy was doubled after 90% cold rolling.

scholarly journals Microstructure Evolution and Recrystallization Temperature Change of Cold-Rolled Fe–19Mn–0.6C Twinning-Induced Plasticity Steel during Annealing

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1181
Author(s):  
Hui Xue ◽  
Hui Yuan ◽  
Kai Guo ◽  
Zhijia Zhang ◽  
Mengmeng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Automobile Industry ◽  
Twip Steel ◽  
Cold Deformation ◽  
Recrystallization Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Deformation Twins ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Rolling Deformation ◽  
The Relationship

Ultra-high twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel is receiving increasing attention in the automobile industry. Self-designed Fe–19Mn–0.6C TWIP steel was subjected to reveal the relationship between microstructures, which were related to recrystallization starting/ending temperature and cold rolling. The results indicated that initial deformation twins, secondary deformation twins, and nano-twins were successively generated in rolled TWIP steel with the increase of cold rolling, deformation twins, and dislocations, as well as with the elongation of grains. The elements remained uniformly dispersed rather than agglomerated in the twin crystals and grain boundaries. The recrystallization starting temperature changes of TWIP steel were 500–525, 400–425, 400–415, and 400–410 °C at cold rolling deformations of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 88%, respectively. Furthermore, the obtained corresponding recrystallization ending temperature changes were 580–600, 530–550, 520–540, and 500–520 °C, respectively. The linear relationship between cold deformation and hardness suggests that cold rolling can increase dislocation density and thus facilitate improving the hardness of TWIP steel.

scholarly journals Experimental Thermal Analysis in Rotary Friction Welding of Dissimilar Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Paduan Alves ◽  
Rafael Cardoso Toledo ◽  
Fabio Gabarra Botter ◽  
Chen Ying An
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Analysis ◽  
Friction Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Bonding Interface ◽  
Atomic Diffusion ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Rotary Friction Welding

Rotary friction welding process (RFW) is one of the most used processes in the world for manufacturing bimetallic components that require high mechanical strength. All process occurs in solid state at temperatures below the melting point of the involved materials, having as the main bonding mechanisms the diffusion and mechanical mixture. The purpose of this work was to carry out an experimental thermal analysis of the dissimilar joint AA6351 T6 aluminum and AISI 304L stainless steel during the friction welding operation through system of thermocouples. Gradients of temperature obtained had their data analyzed and recorded. Results of the experimental thermal analysis showed the behavior of the temperature in the bonding interface, how the dissipation occurs in the radial and longitudinal direction, heating rates, cooling, maximum temperatures reached, its relationship with the different stages of the process and the influence on mechanical properties of welded joint. This study is of great importance for relating the temperature distribution in the bonding interface with atomic diffusion and mechanical resistance of junction.

Influence of Annealing Process on Recrystallisation Behaviour of a Heavily Cold Rolled AISI 304L Stainless Steel on Ultrafine Grain Formation

2012 ◽  
Vol 715-716 ◽  
pp. 334-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ravi Kumar ◽  
J.K. Sahu ◽  
S.K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Thermal Process ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Ultrafine Grain ◽  
304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Aisi 304L ◽  
Aisi 304L Stainless Steel ◽  
Grain Formation ◽  
Cold Rolled

AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel was cold rolled to 90% with and no inter-pass cooling to produced 89% and 43% of deformation induced martensite respectively. The cold rolled specimens were annealed by isothermal and cyclic thermal process. The microstructures of the cold rolled and annealed specimens were studied by the electron microscope. The observed microstructural changes were correlated with the reversion mechanism of martensite to austenite and strain heterogeneity of the microstructure. The results indicated possibility of ultrafine austenite grain formation by cyclic thermal process for austenitic stainless steels those do not readily undergo deformation induced martensite. Keywords: Austenitic stainless steel, Grain refinement, Cyclic thermal process, Ultrafine grain

Comparative Evaluation of 316L and N-Bearing Ni-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel as a Potential Cost-Effective Replacement for Body Implants

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 697-704
Author(s):  
Prashant Poojary ◽  
L.K. Singhal
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Behaviour ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Stainless Steel 316L ◽  
Potential Cost ◽  
Pitting Potential ◽  
Cold Rolled ◽  
Passivation Potential

Currently austenitic stainless steels, cobalt-chromium alloys and titanium alloys are used in body implants. As per ISO 5832-1, Cr-Ni-Mo alloy 316L with minimum 13% nickel is widely used for body implants. ASTM standard F 2229-07 also permits nitrogen strengthened essentially Ni-free Cr-Mn-Mo alloy (UNS S 29108) for this purpose. Nitrogen as austenite stabilizer is able to substitute nickel. It serves the dual purpose of increasing the strength as well as pitting corrosion resistance. This paper compares the corrosion behaviour of these two grades. Cyclic potentiodynamic tests were carried as per ASTM F2129 in Simulated Body Fluids (SBFs) like Ringers, Hanks and Phosphaste Buffer Saline solution at 37 °C, which corresponds to the human body temperature. The pitting potential was significantly higher for Ni free grade S29108 as compared to 316L. In addition, re-passivation potential of the S 29108 was also far superior than 316L. The reverse scan indicated that the breakdown of the passive film was not reached in S 29108, whereas a hysteresis loop was observed in 316L. The strength of annealed S 29108 is far superior and meets the property requirement of ISO 5832-1 for 316L under cold rolled conditions. Thus this alloy could replace annealed as well as cold rolled 316L as per ISO 5832-1. This promising alloy has an added advantage of being significantly cheaper as compared to 316L and other Ti, Co based alloys to enable cost effective medical care to common man. Keywords: High nitrogen stainless steel, 316L, Bio-Implants, Potentio-dynamic tests.

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