Remineralization Potential of New Toothpaste Containing Nano-Hydroxyapatite

2006 ◽  
Vol 309-311 ◽  
pp. 537-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. H. Jeong ◽  
S.O. Jang ◽  
Kyoung Nam Kim ◽  
H.K. Kwon ◽  
Yong Duk Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
White Spot Lesion ◽  
Nano Technology ◽  
Caries Lesion ◽  
Sem Image ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Incipient Caries ◽  
Main Component

Hydroxyapatite is the main component of enamel that gives the tooth a bright white appearance and eliminates the diffused reflection of light by filling up the fine pores of the tooth surface. Accordingly, remineralization of the teeth can be expected to some extent if hydroxyapatite is used to treat an incipient caries lesion (early white spot lesion). In addition, the remineralization effect will be increased if the particle size of hydroxyapatite can be reduced to less than that of the micron-size in existing toothpaste preparations. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite toothpaste, which was produced by nano-technology, on the remineralization of human enamel. A tooth specimen, on which artificial incipient caries had been induced, was immersed into two toothpaste slurries for remineralization. One contains nano-sized hydroxyapatite and fluoride, and the other contains nano-sized hydroxyapatite excluding fluoride. In order to evaluate the remineralization effect, the Vickers Hardness Number & SEM image of the enamel surface was evaluated at each step. There were significant differences in VHN values between those obtained before and after the remineralization steps. The results showed that the remineralization effect increased with increasing immersing time (P<0.05). However, there were no significant differences in VHN values between the two groups (P>0.05). SEM also demonstrated differences the in micro surface at each step. In conclusion, a toothpaste containing nano-sized hydroxyapatite has the potential to remineralize an incipient caries lesion. In addition, the addition of fluoride had no synergistic effect on remineralization.

Histologic evidence that mast cells contribute to local tissue inflammation in peripheral spondyloarthritis by regulating interleukin-17A content

Rheumatology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijia Chen ◽  
Troy Noordenbos ◽  
Iris Blijdorp ◽  
Leonieke van Mens ◽  
Carmen A Ambarus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mast Cells ◽  
Synovial Tissue ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Allergic Diseases ◽  
Psoriatic Skin ◽  
Tissue Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 17A ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Peripheral Spondyloarthritis

Abstract Objectives Synovial mast cells contain IL-17A, a key driver of tissue inflammation in SpA. A recent in vitro study showed that tissue-derived mast cells can capture and release exogenous IL-17A. The present study aimed to investigate if this mechanism could contribute to tissue inflammation in SpA. Methods Potential activation of mast cells by IL-17A was assessed by gene expression analysis of the Laboratory of Allergic Diseases 2 (LAD2) mast cell line. The presence of IL-17A-positive mast cells was assessed by immunohistochemistry in synovial tissue obtained before and after secukinumab treatment, as well as in skin and gut tissues from SpA-related conditions. Results IL-17A did not induce a pro-inflammatory response in human LAD2 mast cells according to the canonical IL-17A signalling pathway. In SpA synovial tissue, the percentage of IL-17A-positive mast cells increased upon treatment with secukinumab. IL-17A-positive mast cells were also readily detectable in non-inflamed barrier tissues such as skin and gut. In non-inflamed dermis and gut submucosa, IL-17A-positive mast cells are the most prevalent IL-17A-positive cells in situ. Compared with non-inflamed tissues, both total mast cells and IL-17A-positive mast cells were increased in psoriatic skin dermis and in submucosa from inflammatory bowel disease gut. In contrast, the proportion of IL-17A-positive mast cells was strikingly lower in the inflamed compared with non-inflamed gut lamina propria. Conclusion IL-17A-positive mast cells are present across SpA target tissues and correlate inversely with inflammation, indicating that their IL-17A content can be regulated. Tissue-resident mast cells may act as IL-17A-loaded sentinel cells, which release IL-17A to amplify tissue inflammation.

scholarly journals Poly(Glycerol Succinate) as an Eco-Friendly Component of PLLA and PLCL Fibres towards Medical Applications

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1731
Author(s):  
Dorota Kolbuk ◽  
Oliwia Jeznach ◽  
Michał Wrzecionek ◽  
Agnieszka Gadomska-Gajadhur
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Crystal Formation ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Chain Mobility ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Crystallisation Behaviour ◽  
Main Component

This study was conducted as a first step in obtaining eco-friendly fibres for medical applications using a synthesised oligomer poly(glycerol succinate) (PGSu) as an additive for synthetic poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly (L-lactide-co-caprolactone) (PLCL). The effects of the oligomer on the structure formation, morphology, crystallisation behaviour, and mechanical properties of electrospun bicomponent fibres were investigated. Nonwovens were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and mechanical testing. The molecular structure of PLLA fibres is influenced by the presence of PGSu mainly acting as an enhancer of molecular orientation. In the case of semicrystalline PLCL, chain mobility was enhanced by the presence of PGSu molecules, and the crystallinity of bicomponent fibres increased in relation to that of pure PLCL. The mechanical properties of bicomponent fibres were influenced by the level of PGSu present and the extent of crystal formation of the main component. An in vitro study conducted using L929 cells confirmed the biocompatible character of all bicomponent fibres.

Comparison of bivalirudin, enoxaparin, and unfractionated heparin in preventing cardiac catheter thrombosis

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (10) ◽  
pp. 693-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Buerke ◽  
Sebastian Schubert ◽  
Iris Reindl ◽  
Thomas Michel ◽  
Baerbel Hauroeder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Continuous Infusion ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Coronary Intervention ◽  
Thrombin Inhibitor ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cardiac Catheter ◽  
Before And After

SummaryBivalirudin, a direct thrombin inhibitor binds specifically and reversibly to both fibrin-bound and unbound thrombin. Bivalirudin is approved for use as an anticoagulant in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. The OASIS-5 trial presented a significant increase in cardiac catheter thrombosis for the pentasaccharid fondaparinux compared to enoxaparin. Catheter thrombosis has never been reported in any trial using bivalirudin. Our study compared the development of catheter thrombosis for bivalirudin, enoxaparin, and unfractionated heparin in a controlled in-vitro environment. Ten healthy male volunteers were pretreated with aspirin 500 mg 2 hours before venesection of 50 ml of blood. The seven groups of anticoagulant combinations tested were:UFH, UFH + eptifibatide, enoxaparin, enoxaparin + eptifibatide, bivalirudin bolus, bivalirudin + eptifibatide, bivalirudin bolus + continuous infusion. The blood/anticoagulant mix continuously circulated through a cardiac guiding catheter for 60 minutes or until the catheter became blocked with thrombus. Thrombus development was assessed by weighing each catheter before and after the procedure. Electron microscopy was used to quantify the degree of erythrocyte, platelet and fibrin deposition. Following anticoagulation with bolus dose bivalirudin, the catheter was invariably occluded with thrombus after 33 minutes of circulation. However, a continuous infusion of Bivalirudin prevented the development of occlusive catheter thrombosis. In the bolus bivalirudin group the mean thrombus weight was significantly greater than in all other groups (p-value < 0.01 in all analyses). Bivalirudin given as a bolus was not sufficient to prevent cardiac catheter thrombosis in our in-vitro study. However, a continuous infusion of bivalirudin had similar anti-thrombotic efficacy compared to other treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Remineralizing Effect of Brushing with Aloe vera versus Fluoride Toothpaste

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Al Haddad ◽  
Elie Khoury ◽  
Nada Farhat Mchayleh
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fluoride Toothpaste ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group B ◽  
Ca:P Ratio

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present in vitro study is to compare the remineralization brushing effect of three toothpastes and Aloe vera (AV) gel. Materials and Methods Forty sound extracted teeth were placed in a demineralizing solution for 4 days and randomly assigned to four groups: group A: 1,450-ppm fluoride toothpaste; group B: AV nonfluoridated toothpaste; group C: AV 1,000-ppm fluoridated toothpaste; and group D: AV gel. A 3-minute pH cycling was performed twice a day for each group for 12 days. Specimens were analyzed before and after by scanning electron microscope—energy dispersive X-ray. Statistical analysis The outcomes were analyzed by Kolmogorov–Smirnov’s tests, repeated-measures analyses of variance followed by univariate analyses, and Bonferroni’s multiple comparisons tests to compare the calcium-to-phosphorus (Ca:P) ratio within time among toothpaste groups. Results Following remineralization, the Ca:P ratio increased in all groups. The difference of the Ca:P ratio was not significant between groups C, D, and A. The mean ratio was significantly lower in group B (p-value = 0.026). Conclusions The AV gel demonstrated a remineralization capacity equal to that of the 1,450-ppm fluoride toothpaste. In contrast, fluoride-free AV toothpaste showed a lower remineralization efficiency. Further studies are required to understand its mechanism.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Root Surface Changes by Air-Polishing using Glycine and Chlorhexidine Acetate Powder: An in-vitro Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-11
Author(s):  
Hardi Rajanbhai Shukla ◽  
Aditi Mathur ◽  
Neema Shetty ◽  
Barkha Makhijani ◽  
Balaji Manohar
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Root Surface ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Air Polishing ◽  
Biofilm Removal ◽  
Stain Removal ◽  
Surface Changes

Background: Biofilm removal is the central part of the etiotropic and maintenance phase of periodontal therapy. Commercially available injection water jets such as Prophy-Jet allows an efficient and convenient biofilm removal as an adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy. But, due to the abrasive nature of traditionally used air polishing powders such as sodium bicarbonate, there is a continuous research going on for less abrasive materials. Aims: To compare the effectiveness of air polishing using glycine powder and chlorhexidine acetate powder on tooth surface as compared to ultrasonic scaling and also to evaluate the time taken for stain removal. Materials and Methods: Thirty fully erupted, single rooted teeth extracted due to poor periodontal prognosis were used in this in-vitro study. The sample teeth were divided into 3 equal groups and stained in coffee solution. The test Groups A and B underwent air-polishing with glycine powder and chlorhexidine acetate powder respectively. Group C was control group and underwent ultrasonic scaling. Time taken for stain removal was recorded. The sample teeth were also evaluated under a stereo-microscope and digital micrometer preprocedurally and post-procedurally to measure surface changes. Results: The study showed statistically significant results (p<0.05) when measurements of changes in surface roughness of samples treated with glycine powder air-polishing were compared with ultrasonic scaling and chlorhexidine acetate powder air-polishing were compared with ultrasonic scaling. Surface texture loss as well as time taken for stain removal was minimum with glycine powder and maximum with ultrasonic scaling. Conclusion: Air-polishing with glycine powder was least abrasive on root surface followed by chlorhexidine acetate powder air-polishing. This is because of the lower particle size of glycine which also covers larger area in lesser time.  

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of fine detail reproduction of six different die materials- An in-Vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Pronoy Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sattyam Wankhade ◽  
Jyoti Wankhade ◽  
Arun Khalikar
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Fine Detail ◽  
Die Materials ◽  
Die Material ◽  
Type V ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Conventional Type

The precise outcome of any indirect casting, depends on the various procedures and materials involved through all its stages. The accurate fit against the prepared surface and the adaptation against the prepared margin depends on how accurately the tooth surface is captured in the impression made and how well it is reproduced in the die This study aims to study and compare the property of fine detail reproduction amongst six die materials.Over a pre-calibrated master die using custom tray, an impression record is made and poured using the six different die materials and the finest line reproduced is visualized under an optical fluorescent microscope at 50X magnification.The data obtained were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA and subsequently assessed by post-hoc Tukey’s comparison to identify any significant differences between the groups. Epoxy resin die material (1.93 mm) showed a consistently excellent fine detail reproduction, followed by conventional Type V gypsum and Synthetic gypsum (15.91 mm), while Resin modified-Type IV and Type V and conventional Type IV gypsum dies (21.86mm) showed the least accuracy in fine reproduction.

Demineralization Inhibitory Effects of Highly Concentrated Fluoride Dentifrice and Fluoride Gels/Solutions on Sound Dentin and Artificial Dentin Caries Lesions in vitro

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Daniel Erdwey ◽  
Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽  
Marcella Esteves-Oliveira ◽  
Christian Apel ◽  
Richard Johannes Wierichs
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Dentin Caries ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Amine Fluoride ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Fluoride Dentifrice ◽  
Caries Lesions

<b><i>Objectives:</i></b> The aim of this in vitro study was to compare the demineralization inhibitory effect of gels/solutions used in combination with either standard or highly fluoridated dentifrices on sound dentin as well as on artificial dentin caries-like lesions. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Bovine dentin specimens (<i>n</i> = 240) with two different surfaces each (sound [ST] and artificial caries lesion [DT]) were prepared and randomly allocated to twelve groups. Weekly interventions during pH-cycling (28 days, 6 × 120 min demineralization/day) were: the application of gels/solutions containing amine fluoride/sodium fluoride (12,500 ppm F [ppm]; pH = 4.4; AmF); NaF (12,500 ppm; pH = 6.6; NaF1); NaF (12,500 ppm; pH = 6.3; NaF2); silver diamine fluoride (14,200 ppm; pH = 8.7; SDF); acidulated phosphate fluoride (12,500 ppm; pH = 3.8; APF), and no intervention (standard control; S). Furthermore, half of the specimens in each group were brushed (10 s; twice per day) with dentifrice slurries containing either 1,450 ppm (e.g., AmF<sub>1450</sub>) or 5,000 ppm (e.g., AmF<sub>5000</sub>). Differences in integrated mineral loss (ΔΔZ) and lesion depth (ΔLD) were calculated between values before and after pH-cycling using transversal microradiography. <b><i>Results:</i></b> After pH-cycling Ss showed significantly increased ΔZ<sub>DT</sub> and LD<sub>DT</sub> values, indicating further demineralization. In contrast, except for one, all groups including fluoride gels/solutions showed significantly decreased ΔZ<sub>DT</sub> values. Additional use of most fluoride gels/solutions significantly enhanced mineral gain, mainly in the surface area; however, acidic gels/solutions seemed to have negative effects on lesion depths. <b><i>Significance:</i></b> Under the present pH-cycling conditions the highly fluoridated dentifrice significantly reduced caries progression and additional application of nearly all of the fluoride gels/solutions resulted in remineralization. However, there was no difference in the remineralizing capacity of fluoride gels/solutions when used in combination with either standard or highly fluoridated dentifrices.

scholarly journals Deformation of the Internal Connection of Narrow Implants after Insertion in Dense Bone: An in Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Delgado-Ruiz ◽  
Ana Nicolas Silvente ◽  
Georgios Romanos
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Insertion Torque ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Connection Length

Implant connections must resist surgical and prosthetic procedures without deformation. This study evaluated the deformation of different internal connections (IC) of narrow dental implants (NDI) after their insertion in artificial dense bone. Thirty NDI, with different IC geometries, Group A (internal hexagon), Group B (tri-channeled), and Group C (four-channeled), with the same length and similar narrow diameters, were inserted in type II density bone blocks. Drilling protocols for dense bone from each implant manufacturer were followed. The Insertion torque (IT), connection length, vertex angles, and wall deformations were analyzed before and after the insertion of the implants. ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Tukey post-test were used for statistical comparisons. IT values were higher for Group A, surface damage, and titanium particles were observed in the IC in all the groups. Angle deformations between 5 and 70 degrees were present in all the groups, and the walls of Group B connection were the most affected by deformations (p < 0.05). Within the limitations of this experiment, it can be concluded that narrow diameter implants will suffer deformation of the implant connection and will also experience surface damage and titanium particle release when inserted in type II bone density.

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