Research on Subsurface Damage After Abrasives and Fixed-Abrasive Lapping of K9 Glass

2011 ◽  
Vol 487 ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
P. Gao ◽  
Yong Wei Zhu ◽  
B. Li ◽  
Y.L. Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Subsurface Damage ◽  
High Surface Quality ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Chemical Etch ◽  
Surface Damages ◽  
Damage Depth ◽  
Fixed Abrasive

Fixed-abrasive lapping (FAL) is a new machining technology and is adopted to manufacture hard brittle materials to obtain the high surface quality. In the same machining condition, K9 glasses are lapped by abrasives and fixed-abrasive, respectively. Two grain sizes of diamond abrasives are adopted in every lapping means. Differential chemical etch method (DCEM) is employed to measure the depth of subsurface damage (SSD) of different lapping means. Surface damages are compared by Microscope. The results show that the depth of SSD is 53 and 15.2μm after abrasives lapping (AL) by 40 and 28μm diamond abrasives. FAL with 40 and 28μm diamond abrasive leads to 4.5 and 3.4μm subsurface damage depth, respectively. FAL can get smaller surface damage and shallower depth of SSD than AL. And FAL can obtain the higher surface quality than AL.

Research on Subsurface Damage of Lapping Sapphire with Diamond Fixed Abrasive

2020 ◽  
Vol 866 ◽  
pp. 143-151
Author(s):  
Jian Bin Wang ◽  
Yong Qiang Tong ◽  
Ben Chi Jiang ◽  
Da Shu ◽  
Gang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Surface Damage ◽  
Subsurface Damage ◽  
Indentation Fracture ◽  
Damage Layer ◽  
Damage Depth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Fixed Abrasive ◽  
Free Abrasive

The depth of surface/subsurface damage layer is the key index of surface quality of sapphire. In this paper, that depth model of the surface/subsurface damage lay characterized by the crack length was established according to the mechanical theory of indentation fracture. The cutting relation between abrasive and workpiece and the difference of the depth of subsurface damage crack are analyzed. It is preliminarily estimated that the length of sub-surface damage crack of free abrasive sapphire is about 2.46 times that of fixed abrasive when considering only the contact hardness of abrasive grain under static load. Diamond abrasives with size of W20 were adopted to carry out experiments in free and fixed lapping methods. The results show that the surface/subsurface damage depth is 9.87μm and 3.63μm respectively. It is easier to obtain good sub-surface quality by using the fixed abrasive method than free abrasive at the same particle size.

Study on Subsurface Damage after Fixed-Abrasive Lapping with Different Particle Size

2011 ◽  
Vol 175 ◽  
pp. 112-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Gao ◽  
Jun Li ◽  
Yong Wei Zhu ◽  
Biao Li ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Diamond Particle ◽  
Abrasive Particle ◽  
Subsurface Damage ◽  
Chemical Etch ◽  
Surface Damages ◽  
Damage Depth ◽  
Fixed Abrasive ◽  
K9 Glass

Differential chemical etch method (DCEM) was employed to study the effect on the surface/subsurface damage depth of K9 glass lapped by different particle sizes of fixed diamond abrasives. The advantage of DCEM is that both the lapped and substrate samples are placed in the chemical etch at the same time to decrease or eliminate the effect of etching condition variation. K9 glasses are firstly fixed-abrasive lapped with 40, 28, 14 and 10μm diamond abrasives, respectively. Surface damages of K9 glass after FAL are measured by Microscopy. The results show that the corresponding subsurface damage (SSD) depths of K9 glass are 4.5, 3.4, 2.8 and 1.6μm when the fixed diamond abrasive particle size are 40, 28, 14 and 10μm.With the decreasing of diamond particle size, the SSD depth decreases obviously and surface quality of K9 glass is improved significantly.

Investigation to Semi-Fixed Abrasives Plate Lapping SUS440 Stainless Steel

2009 ◽  
Vol 69-70 ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Qian Fa Deng ◽  
Dong Hui Wen ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
Li Tao ◽  
Ju Long Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Load Distribution ◽  
Material Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Quality ◽  
Rotating Speed ◽  
Size Dispersion ◽  
Fixed Abrasive

To obtain high surface quality and high finishing efficiency in machining SUS440 stainless steel, a novel machining technology employing a semi-fixed abrasive plate (SFAP) is adopted. The SFAP is developed for preventing lapped surface from damage caused by larger particles (from grain size dispersion or from outside of processing area, larger particles could bring uneven load distribution on processing region). The effects of different parameters on the surface quality and the material removal rate (MRR) of SUS440 stainless steel which is lapped by SFAP are investigated in this paper. The control parameters of the lapping process include the lapping time, the load, the rotating speed of the lapping plate, and etc. SFAP of 800# SiC abrasive used, Experimental results indicate that SFAP can avoid the large scratch effectively and the surface roughness (Ra) of the workpiece could be improved from 250 nm to 50 nm in 12 Min. A nearly mirror-like surface can be obtained.

Surface and Subsurface Integrity of Glass-Ceramics Induced by Ultra-Precision Grinding

2016 ◽  
Vol 1136 ◽  
pp. 497-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Zhao ◽  
Shang Gao ◽  
Ren Ke Kang ◽  
Xiang Long Zhu ◽  
Dong Ming Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Surface ◽  
Glass Ceramics ◽  
Subsurface Damage ◽  
Grinding Wheels ◽  
Precision Grinding ◽  
Grain Sizes ◽  
Diamond Grinding ◽  
Hard And Brittle Materials ◽  
Ultra Precision ◽  
Damage Depth

Ultra-precision grinding is widely used in machining of the hard and brittle materials due to its high surface accuracy and machining efficiency. However, grinding inevitably brings about surface and subsurface damage that needs to be removed by the polishing processes. This study investigated the surface and subsurface integrity of glass-ceramics induced by ultra-precision grinding. The characteristics of surface roughness, surface topography and subsurface damage depth of ground glass-ceramics with diamond grinding wheels with different grain sizes were presented and compared. Discussion was also provided to explore corresponding reasons of surface and subsurface integrity induced by diamond grinding wheels with different grain sizes.

scholarly journals Experimental investigation of the machining characteristics in diamond wire sawing of unidirectional CFRP

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Seeholzer ◽  
Stefan Süssmaier ◽  
Fabian Kneubühler ◽  
Konrad Wegener
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Material Properties ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Workpiece Surface ◽  
High Surface Quality ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Surface Temperatures ◽  
Process Forces ◽  
The Wire

AbstractEspecially for slicing hard and brittle materials, wire sawing with electroplated diamond wires is widely used since it combines a high surface quality with a minimum kerf loss. Furthermore, it allows a high productivity by machining multiple workpieces simultaneously. During the machining operation, the wire/workpiece interaction and thus the material removal conditions with the resulting workpiece quality are determined by the material properties and the process and tool parameters. However, applied to machining of carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP), the process complexity potentially increases due to the anisotropic material properties, the elastic spring back potential of the material, and the distinct mechanical wear due to the highly abrasive carbon fibres. Therefore, this experimental study analyses different combinations of influencing factors with respect to process forces, workpiece surface temperatures at the wire entrance, and the surface quality in wire sawing unidirectional CFRP material. As main influencing factors, the cutting and feed speeds, the density of diamond grains on the wire, the workpiece thickness, and the fibre orientation of the CFRP material are analysed and discussed. For the tested parameter settings, it is found that while the influence of the grain density is negligible, workpiece thickness, cutting and feed speeds affect the process substantially. In addition, higher process forces and workpiece surface temperatures do not necessarily deteriorate the surface quality.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Surface Quality Obtained during Trochoidal Milling of 6082 Aluminum Alloy

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 75
Author(s):  
Nikolaos E. Karkalos ◽  
Panagiotis Karmiris-Obratański ◽  
Szymon Kurpiel ◽  
Krzysztof Zagórski ◽  
Angelos P. Markopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Cutting Speed ◽  
Depth Of Cut ◽  
High Surface Quality ◽  
Trochoidal Milling

Surface quality has always been an important goal in the manufacturing industry, as it is not only related to the achievement of appropriate geometrical tolerances but also plays an important role in the tribological behavior of the surface as well as its resistance to fatigue and corrosion. Usually, in order to achieve sufficiently high surface quality, process parameters, such as cutting speed and feed, are regulated or special types of cutting tools are used. In the present work, an alternative strategy for slot milling is adopted, namely, trochoidal milling, which employs a more complex trajectory for the cutting tool. Two series of experiments were initially conducted with traditional and trochoidal milling under various feed and cutting speed values in order to evaluate the capabilities of trochoidal milling. The findings showed a clear difference between the two milling strategies, and it was shown that the trochoidal milling strategy is able to provide superior surface quality when the appropriate process parameters are also chosen. Finally, the effect of the depth of cut, coolant and trochoidal stepover on surface roughness during trochoidal milling was also investigated, and it was found that lower depths of cut, the use of coolant and low values of trochoidal stepover can lead to a considerable decrease in surface roughness.

Variothermal Foam Injection Molding - Dimensional Stability with High Surface Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Hopmann ◽  
Nicolai Lammert ◽  
Yuxiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Quality ◽  
Surface Defects ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Skin Layer ◽  
High Surface Quality ◽  
Major Disadvantage ◽  
Scope Of Application ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Foam Injection Molding

Thermoplastic foam injection moulding offers various advantages for both processing and product design. Despite its many benefits, the moderate surface quality still constitutes a major disadvantage of this process. The mould temperature can be controlled dynamically to improve the surface quality. Different dynamic temperature control strategies are employed and analysed regarding their effectiveness and scope of application. Mould temperatures above the specific material transition temperatures allow the surface defects to be cured and enable the production of foamed thermoplastic parts with surface qualities comparable to those of the compact reference samples. The high mould temperatures during the injection phase alter the foam structure and the skin layer thicknesses, which impacts the mechanical properties.

scholarly journals Electropolishing Parametric Optimization of Surface Quality for the Fabrication of a Titanium Microchannel Using the Taguchi Method

Machines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 325
Author(s):  
Muslim Mahardika ◽  
Martin Andre Setyawan ◽  
Tutik Sriani ◽  
Norihisa Miki ◽  
Gunawan Setia Prihandana
Keyword(s):  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Process Parameters ◽  
Applied Voltage ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Machining Parameters ◽  
Pareto Analysis ◽  
High Surface Quality

Titanium is widely used in biomedical components. As a promising advanced manufacturing process, electropolishing (EP) has advantages in polishing the machined surfaces of material that is hard and difficult to cut. This paper presents the fabrication of a titanium microchannel using the EP process. The Taguchi method was adopted to determine the optimal process parameters by which to obtain high surface quality using an L9 orthogonal array. The Pareto analysis of variance was utilized to analyze the three machining process parameters: applied voltage, concentration of ethanol in an electrolyte solution, and machining gap. In vitro experiments were conducted to investigate the fouling effect of blood on the microchannel. The result shows that an applied voltage of 20 V, an ethanol concentration of 20 vol.%, and a machining gap of 10 mm are the optimum machining parameters by which to enhance the surface quality of a titanium microchannel. Under the optimized machining parameters, the surface quality improved from 1.46 to 0.22 μm. Moreover, the adhesion of blood on the surface during the fouling experiment was significantly decreased, thus confirming the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Influence of Manufacturing Process on the Fatigue Strength of Gears

2014 ◽  
Vol 1018 ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
Andrea Reiß ◽  
Ulf Engel
Keyword(s):  
Fatigue Strength ◽  
Surface Quality ◽  
Fatigue Behavior ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Dimensional Accuracy ◽  
Cold Forging ◽  
Hardness Distribution ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
High Surface Quality

With cold forging processes it is possible to produce parts characterized by high strength, high dimensional accuracy and high surface quality. In order to optimize the forming process and to be able to use the advantages of cold forging specifically and combined, it is necessary to find correlations between manufacturing parameters on the one side, strength and other properties like hardness distribution and surface quality of the component on the other side. The research work covered in this paper focuses on the correlation of the components properties influenced by its manufacturing history and their fatigue strength. The used component is a gear produced by a lateral cold forging process. For the investigations an experimental setup has been designed. The aim for the design of the setup is to reproduce the real contact condition for the contact of two gears. To obtain different component properties the production process of the gear was varied by producing the parts by a milling operation. First of all, the components’ properties, for example hardness distribution, remaining residual stresses, orientation of fibers and surface quality, were determined. The components’ fatigue behavior was determined using a high frequency pulsator and evaluated in terms of finite life fatigue strength and fatigue endurance limit. These examinations were used to produce Woehler curves for the differently manufactured components with a certain statistical data analysis method.

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