Analysis of Interface Deformation of Steel-Concrete-Steel Sandwich Beam

2012 ◽  
Vol 525-526 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Pei Xiu Xia ◽  
Guang Ping Zou ◽  
Zhong Liang Chang
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Interface Deformation ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Interface Slip ◽  
Steel Panels ◽  
Uniformly Distributed Loads ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The effect of the interface slip is neglected in most studies on calculating deflection of sandwich beams. By taking a simply supported sandwich beams under uniformly distributed loads as an example, simplified analytical models of the interface slip are established, and corresponding clculation formulas of interface slip between steel panels and concrete and section curvatures are derived. The formula for deflection of sandwich beams are then presented. This formula reflects the relationship of influence each other between the interface slip and deflection.

Flexural Vibration of Segmented Elastic-Viscoelastic Sandwich Beams

1975 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 897-900
Author(s):  
B. E. Sandman
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Numerical Study ◽  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Flexural Vibration ◽  
Middle Layer ◽  
Resonant Mode ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Viscoelastic Core ◽  
Longitudinal Nonuniformity

A pair of governing differential equations form the basis for the study of steady-state forced vibration of a sandwich beam with longitudinal nonuniformity in the stiffness and mass of the middle layer. The spatial solution for simply supported boundary conditions is obtained by a Fourier analysis of both material and kinematic variations. The solution is utilized in the numerical study of a sandwich beam with a segmented configuration of elastic and viscoelastic core materials. The results exemplify a tuned configuration of core segments for optimum damping of the first resonant mode.

Interactive Bending Behavior of Sandwich Beams

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Hunt ◽  
L. S. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Degree Of Freedom ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Nonlinear Load ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
Uniformly Distributed Loads

A multi-degree-of-freedom nonlinear Rayleigh-Ritz formulation for a sandwich beam is developed and is used to demonstrate the possible sudden destabilizing effects associated with wrinkling on the compressive face. Through-core stretching and core shearing effects are included. Nonlinear load-deflection curves, for various loading conditions including point loads and uniformly distributed loads, are presented.

Calculation of Incremental Force of External Steel in Simply Supported Externally Prestressed Beams

2010 ◽  
Vol 163-167 ◽  
pp. 1719-1723
Author(s):  
Di Hu ◽  
Zhi Wu Yu
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Beam ◽  
Turn Angle ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Beam Equations ◽  
Time Dependent Effect ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Train Of Thought ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Prestressed Beams

Considering the relationship of displacement and turn angle in anchorages and deviators between the externally prestressed steel and concrete beam under the action of load in simply supported externally prestrressed beam, equations on solving the incremental force in externally prestressed steel are established. The presented novel approach and the train of thought can be easily extended to analyze time-dependent effect for externally prestressed beams. The example shows that the theoretical values based on the presented formulae are agreeable with the results obtained by other methods.

scholarly journals Analytical Models of Axially Loaded Blind Rivets Used with Sandwich Beams

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 579
Author(s):  
Robert Studziński
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Foundation ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Elastic Strain Energy ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Elastic Response ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Winkler Model ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Axially Loaded

The paper presents the novel use of analytical models of a beam on an elastic foundation. The one-parameter model (Winkler model) and the two-parameter models (Filonenko-Borodich and Pasternak models) were investigated. These models were used to describe the elastic response of axially loaded blind rivets used with sandwich structures. The elastic response related to the elastic strain energy is mentioned in the paper as the resilience modulus of the connection. The databases from laboratory pull-out tests were used to verify these models. One type of blind rivet (aluminum, with three clamping arms) and one type of sandwich beam were used. The sandwich beams used in the experiments consisted of two thin-walled and stiff external facings (zinc-coated steel) and a thick, soft core (polyisocyanurate foam—PIR). In the test the sandwich beams were subjected to static, axial pull-out loading. The research provides the quantitative comparison between the laboratory experiment and the analytical solutions from models adopted for this type of connection. Additionally, the failure mechanisms, the secant stiffness at the ultimate capacity, and the strain energy capacity of the elastic foundation at failure are considered. To the author’s knowledge, this approach has not been described in the literature so far.

Static Response of Stiff-Cored Unsymmetric Sandwich Beams

1976 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 391-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Variational Method ◽  
Flexural Rigidity ◽  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Static Response ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
The Core ◽  
Distributed Load ◽  
Very High ◽  
Maximum Stresses

Improved equations governing the deflection of an unsymmetric sandwich beam (which include the effect of extensional and bending rigidities of its stiff core) are derived using a variational method. The effect of face-thickness ratio on the contribution of the core to the overall flexural rigidity is studied. Numerical results for simply supported and fixed-fixed beams subjected to a uniformly distributed load are obtained by using Laplace transforms. These results show that ignoring the bending and extensional effects of a stiff core can cause errors in maximum deflections as high as 20 percent. The corresponding errors in stresses are very high, and they vary from 10 to 150 percent. Hence, it is suggested that the extensional and bending effects of the core should be taken into account when one is interested in calculating the maximum stresses in stiff-cored beams.

Textual Coherence in Adnan AL-Sayegh’s Poetic Experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 183-210
Author(s):  
Rabah Hamid Falih
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Models ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Real Application ◽  
Basic Engine ◽  
Textual Relationships ◽  
Textual Cohesion ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Entire Text

The research is a study of the concept of textual cohesion, through the poetry of Adnan Al-Sayegh, based on the discovery of the concepts of textual cohesion and its mechanisms through studying the relationship of cohesion to the objective unity in modern poetry and the concept of text and text. The research has stopped at the most important. Concepts of textual coherence such as consistency, referral, comparison, substitution and etc. Certain texts from Adnan Al-Sayegh's poetry have been chosen as analytical models, the analysis of which reveals the jeweler's methods of imparting textual coherence to his texts, in an attempt to research is to study the entire text without stopping at the research parts, because this is a real application of the idea of textual coherence, which is based on a study of the structure of the text in total by assuming textual relationships as a basic engine for the structure of the text by revealing the totality of the linguistic relationships that govern the structure of the text and govern it.

A Comparison of the Structural Response of Clamped and Simply Supported Sandwich Beams With Aluminium Faces and a Metal Foam Core

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Tagarielli ◽  
N. A. Fleck
Keyword(s):  
Metal Foam ◽  
Minimum Weight ◽  
Sandwich Beam ◽  
Limit Load ◽  
Analytical Models ◽  
Collapse Mechanism ◽  
Foam Core ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Polymer Foam ◽  
The Face

Plastic collapse modes for clamped sandwich beams have been investigated experimentally and theoretically for the case of aluminium face sheets and a metal foam core. Three initial collapse mechanisms have been identified and explored with the aid of a collapse mechanism map. It is shown that the effect of clamped boundary conditions is to drive the deformation mechanism towards plastic stretching of the face sheets. Consequently, the ultimate strength and level of energy absorption of the sandwich beam are set by the face sheet ductility. Limit load analyses have been performed and simple analytical models have been developed in order to predict the postyield response of the sandwich beams; these predictions are validated by both experiments and finite elements simulations. It is shown experimentally that the ductility of aluminium face sheets is enhanced when the faces are bonded to a metal foam core. Finally, minimum weight configurations for clamped aluminium sandwich beams are obtained using the analytical formulas for sandwich strength, and the optimal designs are compared with those for sandwich beams with composite faces and a polymer foam core.

The relationship of the scleractinian corals to the rugose corals

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver
Keyword(s):  
Critical Points ◽  
Scleractinian Corals ◽  
Convincing Evidence ◽  
Early Triassic ◽  
Rugose Corals ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Biologic Factors

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.

Skeletal elements of crinoid echinoderms: High-resolution structural and microanalytical results

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 194-195
Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Sea Stars ◽  
High Resolution Tem ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Insight Into

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.

Studies on Leukemogenic and Sarcomagenic Viruses

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
Leon Dmochowski
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mode Of Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Electron microscopy has proved to be an invaluable discipline in studies on the relationship of viruses to the origin of leukemia, sarcoma, and other types of tumors in animals and man. The successful cell-free transmission of leukemia and sarcoma in mice, rats, hamsters, and cats, interpreted as due to a virus or viruses, was proved to be due to a virus on the basis of electron microscope studies. These studies demonstrated that all the types of neoplasia in animals of the species examined are produced by a virus of certain characteristic morphological properties similar, if not identical, in the mode of development in all types of neoplasia in animals, as shown in Fig. 1.

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