The Role of Fluorosurfactant on Cu-Sn Electrodeposition from Methanesulfonic Acid

2015 ◽  
Vol 658 ◽  
pp. 125-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naray Pewnim ◽  
Sudipta Roy
Keyword(s):  
Metal Salt ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Methanesulfonic Acid ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
High Metal ◽  
Tin Plating ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Electrochemical Quartz Crystal Nanobalance

Methanesulfonic acid (MSA) is an environmentally benign supporting electrolyte that is an attractive alternative to traditional copper and tin plating baths based on cyanide or fluoborate. This is mainly due to its low toxicity, volatility, and good biodegradability as well as other desirable characteristics for electrodeposition such as high metal salt solubility and conductivity. The role of fluorosurfactant on Cu-Sn electrodeposition from methanesulfonic acid was explored through the use of an electrochemical quartz crystal nanobalance to monitor surfactant adsorption and desorption from the electrode surface. It was found that the surfactant adsorbs on the surface and inhibits copper deposition by blocking the reduction and oxidation reaction for copper.

Diet and Nutritional Interventions with the Special Role of Myo-Inositol in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Management. An Evidence-Based Critical Appraisal

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 2467-2473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique Reyes-Muñoz ◽  
Federica Di Guardo ◽  
Michal Ciebiera ◽  
Ilker Kahramanoglu ◽  
Thozhukat Sathyapalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Nutritional Intervention ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Dose Frequency ◽  
Nutritional Interventions

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM), defined as glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, represents one of the most common maternal-fetal complications during pregnancy and it is associated with poor perinatal outcomes. To date, GDM is a rising condition over the last decades coinciding with the ongoing epidemic of obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM). Objective: The aim of this review is to discuss the role of diet and nutritional interventions in preventing GDM with the explanation of the special role of myo-inositol (MI) in this matter. Methods: We performed an overview of the most recent literature data on the subject with particular attention to the effectiveness of diet and nutritional interventions in the prevention of GDM with the special role of MI. Results: Nutritional intervention and physical activity before and during pregnancy are mandatory in women affected by GDM. Moreover, the availability of insulin-sensitizers such as different forms of inositol has dramatically changed the scenario, allowing the treatment of several metabolic diseases, such as those related to glucose dysbalance. Although the optimal dose, frequency, and form of MI administration need to be further investigated, diet supplementation with MI appears to be an attractive alternative for the GDM prevention as well as for the reduction of GDM-related complications. Conclusion: More studies should be conducted to prove the most effective nutritional intervention in GDM. Regarding the potential effectiveness of MI, further evidence in multicenter, randomized controlled trials is needed to draw firm conclusions.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using sustainable resources and their use as antibacterial agents: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kumari Jyoti ◽  
Punyasloka Pattnaik ◽  
Tej Singh
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Metallic Nanoparticles ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Metal Species ◽  
Sustainable Resources ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Low Toxicity

Background:: Synthesis of metallic nanoparticles has attracted extensive vitality in numerous research areas such as drug delivery, biomedicine, catalysis etc. where continuous efforts are being made by scientists and engineers to investigate new dimensions for both technological and industrial advancements. Amongst numerous metallic nanoparticles, silver nanoparticle (AgNPs) is a novel metal species with low toxicity, higher stability and significant chemical, physical and biological properties. Methods:: In this, various methods for the fabrication of AgNPs are summarized. Importantly, we concentrated on the role of reducing agents of different plants parts, various working conditions such as AgNO3 concentration; ratio of AgNO3/extract; incubation time; centrifugal conditions, size and shapes. Results:: This study suggested that eco-friendly and non toxic biomolecules present in the extracts (e.g. leaf, stem and root) of plants are used as reducing and capping agents for silver nanoparticles fabrication. This method of fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plants extracts is comparatively cost-effective and simple. A silver salt is simply reduced by biomolecules present in the extracts of these plants. In this review, we have emphasized the synthesis and antibacterial potential of silver nanoparticles using various plant extracts. Conclusion:: Fabrication of silver nanoparticles using plant extracts have advantage over the other physical methods, as it is safe, eco-friendly and simple to use. Plants have huge potential for the fabrication of silver nanoparticles of wide potential of applications with desired shape and size.

TBAI Catalyzed Electrochemical C-H Bond Activation of 2-arylated-N-methoxyamides for the Synthesis of Phenanthridinones

Synlett ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kripa Subramanian ◽  
Subhash L. Yedage ◽  
Kashish Sethi ◽  
Bhalchandra M. Bhanage
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Method ◽  
Bond Activation ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Redox Catalyst ◽  
Synthetic Utility ◽  
One Step ◽  
Constant Potential

An electrochemical method for the synthesis of phenanthridinones via constant potential electrolysis (CPE) mediated by <i>n</i>-Bu<sub>4</sub>NI (TBAI) has been reported. The protocol is metal and oxidant free and proceeds with 100% current efficiency. Here TBAI plays the dual role of the redox catalyst as well as supporting electrolyte. The intramolecular C-H activation proceeds under mild reaction conditions and short reaction time via electrochemically generated amidyl radicals. The reaction has been scaled up to gram level showing its practicability and the synthetic utility and applicability of the protocol has been demonstrated by the direct one-step synthesis of the bioactive compound Phenaglaydon.

scholarly journals Electroreduction of Bi(III) ions in the aspect of expanding the “cap-pair” effect: the role of the nanosized active complexes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Nosal-Wiercińska ◽  
Marlena Martyna ◽  
Sławomira Skrzypek ◽  
Anna Szabelska ◽  
Małgorzata Wiśniewska
Keyword(s):  
Electrolyte Concentration ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Acceleration Process ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Effect Mechanism ◽  
Solution Interface

AbstractThe paper discusses the electroreduction of Bi(III) ions in the aspect of expanding the “cap-pair” effect.The “cap-pair” rule is associated with the acceleration of the electrode’s processes by organic substances. The interpretation of the “cap-pair” effect mechanism was expanded to include the effect of supporting electrolyte concentration on the acceleration process and the type of electrochemical active as well as used protonated organic substances. It has also been shown that the phenomena occurring at the electrode/solution interface can influence a change in the dynamics of the electrode’s process according to the “cap-pair” rule.

Applications of Ionic Liquids in Green Catalysis: A Review of Recent Efforts

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhra Sarkar ◽  
Siddharth Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Enzymatic Reactions ◽  
Chemical Transformations ◽  
Benign Solvents ◽  
Metallic Compounds ◽  
Green Catalysis ◽  
Reduction Of Co2

: Ionic Liquids (ILs) in their neoteric form have emerged to be a potential ‘green’ alternative of traditional Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) as solvents in different fields of industries and academia. Recent investigations on the development of multi-faceted applications of ionic liquids have revealed that they really stand for “environmentally-benign” solvents as far as their impact on the ecology is concerned. This caused them to be an exciting and lucrative subject to explore more and more, and many research groups are involved in the manifestation of their inherent undisclosed legacy. Recently, there has been a huge jump in search of an alternative to conventional metal catalysts in academia as well as in industries due to their pollution-evoking roles. Scientists have explored multiple numbers of homogeneous or heterogeneous mixtures of catalysts incorporating ionic liquids to reduce the extent of contamination in our global environment produced due to catalytic synthesis and chemical transformations. In this review, we have put our concentration on some beneficial and recently explored aspects of the successful implementation of Ionic Liquids in different forms in several fields of catalysis as a ‘green’ alternative catalyst/co-catalyst/solvent for catalysis to replace or minimize the lone and hazardous use of metal and metallic compounds as catalysts as well as chemicals like mineral acids or VOCs as solvents. Here, our study focuses on the inevitable role of ILs in several catalytic reactions like cycloaddition of CO2, electrolytic reduction of CO2, biocatalytic or enzymatic reactions, some of the important organic conversions, and biomass to biofuel conversion as catalysts, cocatalysts, catalyst activator, and solvents.

scholarly journals Biogas Generation from Co-Digestion Waste Systems: The Role of Water Hyacinth

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adedeji A. Adelodun ◽  
Temitope M. Olajire ◽  
Ochuko Mary Ojo
Keyword(s):  
Water Hyacinth ◽  
Aquatic Macrophyte ◽  
Biogas Production ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Eichornia Crassipes ◽  
Poultry Droppings ◽  
Pig Wastes

Using biomass as a renewable energy source has earned tremendous interest from researchers in recent decades, especially because the technology is environmentally benign. This article reviews the recent methods for generating biogas from water hyacinth (WH, Eichornia crassipes), arguably the world’s most evasive aquatic macrophyte. Therefore, various economic, environmentally benign, and renewable procedures that enhance biogas production from WH biomass are reviewed. WH has been co-digested with numerous waste types, including poultry droppings, municipal wastes, animal tissue wastes, pig wastes, cow dungs, etc., recording varying success degrees. Other studies focused on optimizing the operation parameters, such as mixing ratio, contact time, pH, temperature, organic loading rate, etc. We observed that most attempts to generate biogas from WH alone were not promising. However, when co-digested with other biomasses or wastes, WH either increases the process rate or improves the methane yield content. Also, the potential of WH as a phytoremdiator-cum-biogas source was investigated. This chapter provides mathematical models, scale-up installation models, and specific experimental results from various studies to guide future study plans toward optimizing CH4 generation from WH co-digestion.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Agriculture in Chile, Reflections on the Role of Public Policy

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 186-209
Author(s):  
Oscar Melo ◽  
◽  
Nadia Báez ◽  
Daniela Acuña ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Agriculture Sustainability ◽  
Increasing Demand

Given the increasing demand for agricultural products and the environmental degradation that current agricultural practices generate, there is an urgent need to change the activity. Sustainable agriculture emerges as an attractive alternative to mitigate the adverse effects of the activity on the environment, increase its resilience to global change, and increase the current population’s quality of life without sacrificing that of future generations. However, identifying effective policies that can achieve these goals remains elusive. In Chile, this sector has been one of the drivers of growth and poverty reduction but still faces many environmental and social challenges, and there is a growing public demand for achieving sustainability from an economic, environmental, and social perspective. Public and private institutions have made relevant efforts to increase Chilean agriculture sustainability. However, the need to transition towards sustainable agriculture is still not recognized by all stakeholders. In this article, we review current challenges and policies to achieve a more sustainable agriculture in Chile.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Some 2-Amino-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazole Derivatives in the Acetic Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (s1) ◽  
pp. S448-S454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanjeev Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Saturated Calomel Electrode ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Lithium Perchlorate ◽  
Environmentally Benign ◽  
Controlled Potential ◽  
Oxadiazole Derivatives

An environmentally benign method for the preparation of 2-amino-5-substituted-1,3,4-oxadiazoles (1a-n) at platinum electrode through the electrooxidation of semicarbazone at room temperature is reported. The electrolysis were carried out at controlled potential in acetic acid solvent using lithium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte in an undivided cell assembly. Square shaped plates of platinum were used for working as well as counter electrode and a third electrode saturated calomel electrode was used as a reference electrode for the measurement of potential difference between two electrodes during the electrolysis.

The double and triple role of L-(+)-tartaric acid and dimethyl urea: A prevailing green approach in organic synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rashid Ali ◽  
Ajay Kumar Chinnam ◽  
Vikas R. Aswar
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Organic Synthesis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Organic Transformations ◽  
Green Approach ◽  
Dimethyl Urea ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future

: The deep eutectic mixtures (DESs), introduced as novel alternative to usual volatile organic solvents for organic transformations has attracted a tremendous attention of the research community because of their low cost, negligible vapour pressure, low toxicity, biodegradability, recyclability, insensitive towards moisture, and readily availability from bulk renewable resources. Although, the low melting mixture of dimethyl urea (DMU)/L-(+)-tartaric acid (TA) is still infancy yet much effective as it play double and triple roles such as solvent, catalyst and/or reagent in a same pot for many crucial organic transformations. These unique properties of DMU/TA mixture prompted us to provide a quick overview of where the field stands presently, and where it might be going in near future. To our best knowledge, no review dealing with the applications of a low melting mixture of DMU/TA appeared in the literature except the one published in 2017 describing only the chemistry of indole systems. Therefore, we intended to reveal the developments of this versatile low melting mixture in the modern organic synthesis since its first report in 2011 by Köenig’s team to till date. Hopefully, the present review article will be useful to the researcher working not only in the arena of synthetic organic chemistry but also to the scientists working in other branches of science and technology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document