New Approach of Synthesizing Mineral Product from Industrial Waste

2016 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 195-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Noorzidah Mohd Sabri ◽  
Rohaya Othman ◽  
Nasharuddin Isa ◽  
Anuar Othman
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Sucrose Solution ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Mineral Product

A new approach of using industrial waste to produce synthetic mineral product was studied in this paper. A synthetic mineral product which is precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) was synthesized by using ionic sucrose solution method, whereby sucrose solution acts as promoter to increase the production of the PCC. Carbide lime, a waste from acetylene gas industry was used as starting material and first dissolved in the sucrose solution. The concentrations of the sucrose solution were varied from 5to 15 °Brix. The effect of the sucrose solution concentration was studied by using multiple characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Florescence (XRF) and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The XRD and XRF results had proven that the synthesized PCC was calcium carbonate with > 98% purity. The morphologies of the PCC were observed by FESEM in which cubical shape was formed at 5 to 12 °Brix and grain shape at 13 to 15 °Brix. The distribution of the PCC particles was observed to be homogenous. The yield of the PCC increased as the Brix values increased.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Brushite from Phophogypsum Industrial Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 6580-6588
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Industrial Waste ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Dicalcium Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Phosphate Dihydrate ◽  
Scanning Electron

Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) nanoparticles, also known as brushite, are considered an important bioceramic compound. In this study, brushite was prepared from Moroccan phosphogypsum (PG) using a new sol-gel method. A two-step technique undergoes the synthesis of brushite, the preparation of anhydrite from PG followed by adding phosphoric acid in the presence of sodium hydroxide. The morphology, the chemical composition, and the crystallites size were obtained using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM-EDAX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. According to the Debye-Scherrer equation, these characterization methods indicated that the synthesized brushite was highly pure according to the Ca/P ratio of 1.14 and an average crystallites size estimated at 66 nm. These results proved that the brushite was successfully synthesized from Moroccan phosphogypsum.

scholarly journals Influence of Selected Saccharides on the Precipitation of Calcium-Vaterite Mixtures by the CO2 Bubbling Method

Crystals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donata Konopacka-Łyskawa ◽  
Natalia Czaplicka ◽  
Barbara Kościelska ◽  
Marcin Łapiński ◽  
Jacek Gębicki
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Polymorphic Form ◽  
Co2 Absorption ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Polymorphic Composition

Calcium carbonate is a compound existing in living organisms and produced for many biomedical applications. In this work, calcium carbonate was synthesized by a CO2 bubbling method using ammonia as a CO2 absorption promotor. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and trehalose were added into the reaction mixture to modify characteristics of precipitated calcium carbonate particles. To determine the polymorphic form of produced calcium carbonate particles, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were performed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to estimate the size and shape of produced particles. Mixtures of vaterite and calcite were synthesized in all experiments. The percentage content of the vaterite in the samples depended on used additive. The highest concentration of vaterite (90%) was produced from a solution containing sucrose, while the lowest concentration (2%) was when fructose was added. Saccharides affected the rate of CO2 absorption, which resulted in a change in the precipitation rate and, therefore, the polymorphic composition of calcium carbonate obtained in the presence of saccharides was more varied.

The Development and Characterisation of Porous Clay - Precipitated Calcium Carbonate

2016 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 189-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yasmin ◽  
M.N. Mazlee ◽  
A.H. Norzilah ◽  
J.B. Shamsul ◽  
Rahmat Azmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Ceramic Foam ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Sintering Process ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray

Ceramic foams, a porous material with a gyroid structures, are becoming highly demanded for various applications such as heat insulation, bone implantation and filtration, because of their unique properties such as high specific surface area, high porosity and low heat transfer rate. In this study, the development of ceramic foam utilised white clay with a combination of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC). The ceramic foam was successfully developed using this combination after the sample was sintered at 1250 °C for 2 hours holding time. The various compositions of PCC (10.0, 12.5, 15.0, 17.5, 20.0, 22.5 and 25.0 wt.%) affected the chemical composition and compressive strength of the ceramic foam. The chemical composition of ceramic foam was analysed by using X -ray fluorescence (XRF) and the result indicated that the PCC was successfully transformed into calcium oxide (CaO) after the sintering process. The mineralogical composition of the ceramic foam was evaluated using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and has shown the presence of mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2), gehlenite (Ca2Al2SiO7) and anorthite (2CaAl2Si2O8) after the sintering process. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the presence of porosity on the strut of the ceramic foam. Meanwhile, the compressive strength of the ceramic foam increased from 0.03 to 1.31 MPa, which is directly proportional to the increased amount of PCC.

scholarly journals Effect of Methane on the Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate via Carbonation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
H M. Lahuri ◽  
N H. Berahim ◽  
M S. Onn ◽  
M G.M. Noh ◽  
R Othman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonation Process

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is synthetic calcium carbonate that has high purity of more than 98 wt% of CaCO3 content.  Owing to its unique characteristic whereby its shape and size can be controlled to tailor to various applications, PCC has seen great demands in many industries such as paper, paint, plastic, food, ceramics, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and many others.  PCC can be synthesized via various methods and the most often used method in industry is via carbonation process.  This process has caught interest of the oil and gas industry for utilizing existing carbon dioxide waste from plant processes.  Precipitation of PCC is carried out using hydrated lime under various conditions at different gas purity (1 mol% CH4 + 99 mol% CO2 , 40 mol% CH4  + 60 mol% CO2 ), different gas flowrate, and different stirring rate.  All experiments are carried out using 1 litre of ionic solution at ambient conditions.  All samples are characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Particle Size Distribution, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF).  FESEM analysis shows different surface morphology for different methane content with calcite formation.  The particle size for all PCC produced at different parameters are comparable at the range 5-9 microns depending on the mixing rate used whereas XRF results indicate very high purity of CaCO3 of more than 99 wt%. 

scholarly journals Effect of Methane on the Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate via Carbonation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 163
Author(s):  
H M. Lahuri ◽  
N H. Berahim ◽  
M S. Onn ◽  
M G.M. Noh ◽  
R Othman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
High Purity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Mixing Rate ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbonation Process

Precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) is synthetic calcium carbonate that has high purity of more than 98 wt% of CaCO3 content.  Owing to its unique characteristic whereby its shape and size can be controlled to tailor to various applications, PCC has seen great demands in many industries such as paper, paint, plastic, food, ceramics, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and many others.  PCC can be synthesized via various methods and the most often used method in industry is via carbonation process.  This process has caught interest of the oil and gas industry for utilizing existing carbon dioxide waste from plant processes.  Precipitation of PCC is carried out using hydrated lime under various conditions at different gas purity (1 mol% CH4 + 99 mol% CO2 , 40 mol% CH4  + 60 mol% CO2 ), different gas flowrate, and different stirring rate.  All experiments are carried out using 1 litre of ionic solution at ambient conditions.  All samples are characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Particle Size Distribution, X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF).  FESEM analysis shows different surface morphology for different methane content with calcite formation.  The particle size for all PCC produced at different parameters are comparable at the range 5-9 microns depending on the mixing rate used whereas XRF results indicate very high purity of CaCO3 of more than 99 wt%. 

scholarly journals CO2 Mineralization: Production of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate as a Method of CO2 Utilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.14) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
N H. Berahim ◽  
H M. Lahuri ◽  
M G. Mohd Noh ◽  
M S. Onn ◽  
R Othman
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Co2 Utilization ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Natural Minerals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Co2 Mineralization

CO2 utilization into minerals is one of the most efficient methodologies although much research concerns the utilization of CO2 to produce chemicals. The production of precipitated calcium carbonate (PCC) from three different starting materials has been reported. The gas-liquid reaction is carried out by bubbling carbon dioxide into a solution of lime products with fixed parameters of 99% CO2 purity, 4.0 L/min of flow rate and 1500 rpm stirring rate at atmospheric pressure. The PCC was then characterized for X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-Ray fluorescence (XRF) and particle size. Experimental results indicate that the PCC produced from quick lime showed the highest yield of 17.27 g, however there is no significant difference for both carbide lime and hydrated lime at 12.04 g and 11.57 g respectively. Morphology, phase structure and particle size of PCC produced reveals insignificant influence with different starting materials. Producing PCC from CO2 and natural minerals can be a potential method of reducing CO2 emissions by locking-up CO2 in a stable mineral form, whilst at the same time turning low quality natural minerals into high valuable products.   

scholarly journals PENGARUH SUHU PADA PEMBENTUKAN PRECIPITATED CALCIUM CARBONATE (PCC) MELALUI METODA KAUSTIK SODA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT ASAM KLORIDA

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Budi Hermawan ◽  
Syukri Arief ◽  
Novesar Jamarun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
The Other ◽  
Optimum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The One ◽  
Scanning Electron

 ABSTRACT Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC) is the limestone product resulting from certain process steps. By XRF measurement it has found that the content of CaO (oxide calcium) in limestone Bukit Tui Padang Panjang as follows 54.19%, SiO2 1.03%, Al2O3 0.39%, MgO 0.46% and Fe2O3 0.2%. Rendemen PCC at optimum concentration of 0.75 M HCl is 69.77%. The formation of PCC by using the highest PCC rendemen aquabides is 9.28% at optimum temperature of 50°C. With 0.75 M HCl, the highest rendemen is 79.32% at optimum temperature 70°C. The formation of crystals in the form vaterite, aragonite and calcite were evidenced by X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Treatment with 2.00 M HCl at 30°C showed the formation of vaterite (45.83%), aragonite (35.93%) and calcite (18.24%) with crystals size of 28.43 nm. In the other case, preparation with 0.75 M HCl at 30°C resulting the percentage of vaterite and aragonite which were 73.01% and 26.99% respectively fairished 28.06 nm. Then for the one which were treated with 0.75 M HCl at 70°C indicated the formation of vaterite (75.53%) fairished 33.68 nm and aragonite (24.47%). SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) towards the sample prepared from 0.75 M HCl at 30°C have clearly shown that the particle sphere fairished at 3.68 nm where the one treated with 0.75 M HCl at 70°C having particle sphere fairished at 3.3 µm showing needle like estimated of 3.8 µm. Keywords : Precipitated Calcium Carbonate (PCC), caustic soda method 

The Precipitation of Si in AlCuSi Thin Films

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 34-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Solid Solution ◽  
Integrated Circuit ◽  
Copper Film ◽  
Solution Concentration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Silicon Thin Films ◽  
Before And After

Aluminum-copper-silicon thin films have been considered as an interconnection metallurgy for integrated circuit applications. Various schemes have been proposed to incorporate small percent-ages of silicon into films that typically contain two to five percent copper. We undertook a study of the total effect of silicon on the aluminum copper film as revealed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and ion microprobe techniques as a function of the various deposition methods.X-ray investigations noted a change in solid solution concentration as a function of Si content before and after heat-treatment. The amount of solid solution in the Al increased with heat-treatment for films with ≥2% silicon and decreased for films <2% silicon.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

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