Study on Palm Oil and Treated Waste Vegetable Oil Impregnated Paper

2017 ◽  
Vol 744 ◽  
pp. 511-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Mariam Yusof ◽  
Nuriziani Hussin ◽  
Muzamir Isa ◽  
Mohamad Kamarol Mohd Jamil ◽  
Kiasatina Azmi
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Relative Permittivity ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Oil Viscosity ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Natural Oils ◽  
Insulation Oil

Oil impregnated insulation paper plays an important role in a transformer as it insulates the windings from high voltage and current. Other than the type of paper used, the properties of oil such as viscosity, relative permittivity and dielectric loss play a major factor that contributes to the quality of the insulation paper. This paper discussed the sonication and esterification process on palm oil and treated waste vegetable oil and its’ effects on the performance of oil impregnated paper. Basically through these processes, viscosity of oils will reduce. However, the resultant permittivity and dielectric loss as well as its’ breakdown strength are rarely reported. Experiments were set to process (sonicates and esterify) the natural oils prior to the paper impregnation process. Results show that esterification is more effective than sonication process in reducing insulation oil viscosity, relative permittivity and dissipation factors as well as increasing the breakdown voltage of the oil impregnated paper. Palm oil methyl ester (POME) could serve as an excellent insulation oil which is very suitable as transformer oil as well as the impregnation medium for paper insulation.

Comparative Evaluation of a Developed Batch Reactor Using Various Feedstock

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin N. Nwaigwe ◽  
Nnamdi V. Ogueke ◽  
Paulinus E. Ugwuoke ◽  
Emmanuel E. Anyanwu
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fresh Vegetable ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil ◽  
Characterization Test

The performance evaluation of a developed batch reactor using beniseed oil, fresh vegetable oil, and waste vegetable oil is presented. The transesterification process was used on samples of each feedstock at different reaction temperature and time while methanol and sodium hydroxide were used as the reagent and catalyst respectively. Optimum yield obtained at 55°C and 50 minutes gave the value of 1.65 litres of biodiesel for beniseed, 1.97 litres of biodiesel for fresh vegetable palm oil and 1.81 litres of biodiesel for waste vegetable palm oil. The yield of the by product (Glycerol) was maximum at the reaction time and temperature of 70 minutes and 60°C respectively. Characterization test results showed that the produced biodiesel has similar fuel properties with the conventional diesel and agrees with the ASTM standards for biodiesel. The outcome shows that the various feedstock are good sources for biodiesel production using the developed batch reactor.

scholarly journals Bifunctional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samya Elias ◽  
Ademola M Rabiu ◽  
Benjamin I Okeleye ◽  
Vincent Okudoh ◽  
Oluwaseun Oyekola
Keyword(s):  
Heterogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Calcium Oxide ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Sunflower Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Catalyst Characterization ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Waste Vegetable Oil

Bifunctional solid catalysts facilitate the esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) into alkyl esters alongside the transesterification reaction, which allows for the use of waste vegetable oils with high water and FFA contents for biodiesel production. This makes the process economically viable and greener, as the waste fats and oils are readily available. The concurrent esterification and transesterification of waste palm oil (WPO) and waste sunflower oil (WSO) with methanol was investigated in the presence of calcium oxide on alumina catalyst in a conventional batch process. The catalyst characterization showed the existence of calcium oxide aluminates (calcined at 750 °C), which exhibited crystalline phases with porous/spongy-like particles. The high concentration of CaO in CaO/Al2O3 was a favorable support material in the heterogeneously-catalyzed transesterification reactions. The optimum catalyst parameters for the production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were observed at 65 °C for 4 h with a methanol-to-oil ratio of 9:1, 60% (waste palm oil, or WPO) and 80% (waste sunflower oil, or WSO), CaO/Al2O3 (% wt/wt) catalyst ratio as well as 4% CaO/Al2O3 concentration (% wt.) for WSO and WPO. The simultaneous esterification/transesterification reactions at optimum conditions on WPO and WSO led to high yield of FAMEs of 89, 61 and 55% for WPO and 54, 75 and 98% for WSO at catalyst ratios (wt %) of 60, 70 and 80% respectively. The use of bifunctional heterogeneous catalyst (CaO/Al2O3) with waste vegetable oil can result in high performance and the upscaling of biodiesel production.

Investigation on Voltage Breakdown of Natural Ester Oils Based-On Zno Nanofluids

2015 ◽  
Vol 1119 ◽  
pp. 175-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wittawat Saenkhumwong ◽  
Amnart Suksri
Keyword(s):  
Power System ◽  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Slow Process ◽  
Zno Nanofluids ◽  
Voltage Breakdown ◽  
Natural Ester

Transformer is one of the major component, which is the most important device in power system. Their lifetime depends upon liquid insulation that help transfer the heat out of its winding inside of transformer. Transformer oil uses mineral oil that is the most commonly used has very slow process on decomposition and non-biodegrade. This paper presents the investigation on breakdown voltage of two types of natural ester oils, including palm oil and soy bean based-on ZnO nanofluids. Nanofluids that use nanoparticles modified by use of surfactant that are suspended by process of sonication. Different fraction of nanoparticles were investigated from 0.1% - 0.5% by weight. The breakdown voltage were measured according to ASTM D877. The voltage breakdown strength increased significantly when nanoparticles were added in oils. The obtained results will enable transformer industry to develop liquid insulation dielectric for use in transformer in the future.

scholarly journals Effect Of Phenol Addition To Transformer Oil Breakdown Voltage

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
Amelya Indah Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Breakdown Voltage ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Insulating Oil ◽  
Transformer Insulation ◽  
Is Failure ◽  
Insulation Oil

The failure of transformer insulation often occurs due to various kinds of things, one of which is failure in the oil isolation caused by the condition of oil that has been dirty or has been contaminated with other particles in the transformer. Phenol is a chemical that can purify or cleanse particles or impurities that are in used transformer oil, so that it can increase the breakdown stress on used insulation oil. Phenol contains acid which can attract particles and impurities in the transformer oil which results in a decrease in the breakdown strength of the insulating oil. The results of testing of used isolation oil by adding phenol as much as 10, 15 and 20 ml showed an increase in the value of breakdown voltage with a distance of 2.5 mm ball inlet electrode. Translucent stresses that meet the SPLN standard 49-1: 1982, that is ≥ 30 kV at intervals of 2.5 mm were obtained by adding 20 ml of phenol to the volume of used 400 ml transformer oil

scholarly journals Effects of Plasma Treated Alumina Nanoparticles on Breakdown Strength, Partial Discharge Resistance, and Thermophysical Properties of Mineral Oil-Based Nanofluids

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3610
Author(s):  
Norhafezaidi Mat Saman ◽  
Izzah Hazirah Zakaria ◽  
Mohd Hafizi Ahmad ◽  
Zulkurnain Abdul-Malek
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Plasma Treatment ◽  
Base Fluid ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
Partial Discharge ◽  
Mineral Oil ◽  
Transformer Oil ◽  
Alumina Nanoparticles ◽  
Discharge Characteristics ◽  
Nano Alumina

Mineral oil has been chosen as an insulating liquid in power transformers due to its superior characteristics, such as being an effective insulation medium and a great cooling agent. Meanwhile, the performance of mineral oil as an insulation liquid can be further enhanced by dispersing nanoparticles into the mineral oil, and this composition is called nanofluids. However, the incorporation of nanoparticles into the mineral oil conventionally causes the nanoparticles to agglomerate and settle as sediment in the base fluid, thereby limiting the improvement of the insulation properties. In addition, limited studies have been reported for the transformer oil as a base fluid using Aluminum Oxide (Al2O3) as nanoparticles. Hence, this paper reported an experimental study to investigate the significant role of cold plasma treatment in modifying and treating the surface of nano-alumina to obtain a better interaction between the nano-alumina and the base fluid, consequently improving the insulation characteristics such as breakdown voltage, partial discharge characteristics, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of the nanofluids. The plasma treatment process was conducted on the surface of nano-alumina under atmospheric pressure plasma by using the dielectric barrier discharge concept. The breakdown strength and partial discharge characteristics of the nanofluids were measured according to IEC 60156 and IEC 60270 standards, respectively. In contrast, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanofluids were determined using Brookfield DV-II + Pro Automated viscometer and Decagon KD2-Pro conductivity meter, respectively. The results indicate that the 0.1 wt% of plasma-treated alumina nanofluids has shown the most comprehensive improvements in electrical properties, dispersion stability, and thermal properties. Therefore, the plasma treatment has improved the nanoparticles dispersion and stability in nanofluids by providing stronger interactions between the mineral oil and the nanoparticles.

Vegetable oil as a highly effective 100% bio-based alternative solvent for the one-pot multicomponent Biginelli reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pakin Noppawan ◽  
Suwiwat Sangon ◽  
Nontipa Supanchaiyamat ◽  
Andrew J. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Biginelli Reaction ◽  
Environmentally Friendly ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
The One ◽  
Biginelli Reactions

Multicomponent one-pot Biginelli reactions have been successfully performed using vegetable oil as bio-based, non-toxic, and environmentally friendly solvents. Palm oil was demonstrated to be a highly effective greener solvent as...

Enhanced dielectric properties and thermostability in polyimide composites with core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 nanoparticles

2021 ◽  
pp. 095400832199352
Author(s):  
Wei Deng ◽  
Guanguan Ren ◽  
Wenqi Wang ◽  
Weiwei Cui ◽  
Wenjun Luo
Keyword(s):  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Dielectric Loss ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Breakdown Strength ◽  
In Situ Polymerization ◽  
Dielectric Materials ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Amic Acid ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Core Shell

Polymer composites with high dielectric constant and thermal stability have shown great potential applications in the fields relating to the energy storage. Herein, core-shell structured polyimide@BaTiO3 (PI@BT) nanoparticles were fabricated via in-situ polymerization of poly(amic acid) (PAA) and the following thermal imidization, then utilized as fillers to prepare PI composites. Increased dielectric constant with suppressed dielectric loss, and enhanced energy density as well as heat resistance were simultaneously realized due to the presence of PI shell between BT nanoparticles and PI matrix. The dielectric constant of PI@BT/PI composites with 55 wt% fillers increased to 15.0 at 100 Hz, while the dielectric loss kept at low value of 0.0034, companied by a high energy density of 1.32 J·cm−3, which was 2.09 times higher than the pristine PI. Moreover, the temperature at 10 wt% weight loss reached 619°C, demonstrating the excellent thermostability of PI@BT/PI composites. In addition, PI@BT/PI composites exhibited improved breakdown strength and toughness as compared with the BT/PI composites due to the well dispersion of PI@BT nanofillers and the improved interfacial interactions between nanofillers and polymer matrix. These results provide useful information for the structural design of high-temperature dielectric materials.

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