Rapeseed Oil Interesterification Reaction with Metylacetate in the Presence of BuOK/BuOH at Different Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 800 ◽  
pp. 83-87
Author(s):  
Valdis Kampars ◽  
Reinis Gravins ◽  
Kristine Lazdovica
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Characteristic Time ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
First Order ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Synthesis Stage

By the investigation and comparison of different interesterification reactions at fixed reaction time researchers usually selected 1 hour as a characteristic time for the synthesis stage of industrial biodiesel production. Investigation performed in this work shows that the equilibrium of interesterification reaction mixture of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate in molar ration of 1:18 in presence of potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butanol at molar ratio to oil 0.08 at 25 °C reach the equilibrium approximately after 50 min but at 55 °C after 10 min. The equilibrium compositions of the reaction mixtures at different temperatures are different. The concentrations of TG, FAME and TA during the interesterification reaction at 25 °C obey the pseudo-first order law which do not reflect the stoichiometry of this multiple elementary steps reaction.

scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Interesterification of Rapeseed Oil with Methyl Acetate in Presence of BuOK/BuOH

2019 ◽  
Vol 103 ◽  
pp. 02006
Author(s):  
Valdis Kampars ◽  
Reinis Gravins ◽  
Kristine Lazdovica ◽  
Ruta Kampare
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Order Rate Constant ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Optimal Range ◽  
First Order ◽  
Pseudo First Order ◽  
Full Conversion

If the interesterification reaction of rapeseed oil with methyl acetate at reactant to oil molar ratio of 18:1 in presence of potassium tert-butoxide in tert-butanol of molar ratio to oil 0.08 is conducted at a temperature of about 35 °C, reaction time for full conversion of oil is shorter than one hour, while at a temperature of 55 °C it is approximately 15 minutes. Reaction time at the desired temperature has a wide "optimal" range and cannot be an effective variable for the process optimisation. Experimental results at the temperature of 25 °C confirm the pseudo-first order of the reaction, which lowered towards the end of the reaction. The pseudo-first order rate constant was 0.63 min-1. Fuel characteristics of the interesterification reaction mixtures without purification improved with the rising of reaction temperature from 35 °C to 55 °C, however, they fail to meet the requirements of standard EN14214 for biodiesel. Methyl acetate to oil molar ratio 18:1 is too low for obtaining products with kinematic viscosity below 5.0 mm2/s.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous transesterification of castor oil for biodiesel production by Al2O3, Al2O3-NiO and Al2O3-CoO modified bentonite as catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (9) ◽  
pp. 825-837
Author(s):  
Radjaa EL AHMAR ◽  
◽  
Charef HARRATS ◽  
Djillali BASSOU ◽  
Soufi KACIMI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Castor Oil ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Pillared Clay ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Basic Medium ◽  
First Order ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Pseudo First Order

Bentonite clay from Maghnia (Algeria), very rich in montmorillonite (~ 90 %) purified and intercalated with pillars Al2O3, Al2O3-NiO and Al2O3-CoO, was applied as catalyst for the conversion of a mixture of castor oil-ethanol to biodiesel. The pillared clay with Al2O3-CoO (10%) led to 98% ester conversion. The highest yield of biodiesel production was obtained at 1/15 molar ratio of oil/ethanol, a temperature of 250 °C and 7.5 wt% of catalyst. This behaviour was ascribed to a synergetic effect of the largest surface area developed in the clay and the highest catalytic activity of cobalt in basic medium. The catalysts re-usability experiments revealed that the pillared clays were safely re-used three times without losing their original catalytic effectiveness. The kinetics calculations demonstrated that the transesterification of castor oil in an excess of alcohol using the pillared clay as catalyst followed a pseudo first order kinetics. The biodiesel produced exhibited comparable fuel properties as those of classical fossil diesel.

scholarly journals Kinetics of Biodiesel Synthesis Using Used Frying Oil through Transesterification Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Agus Haryanto ◽  
Amieria Citra Gita ◽  
Tri Wahyu Saputra ◽  
Mareli Telaumbanua
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Frying Oil ◽  
Transesterification Reaction ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Used Frying Oil ◽  
First Order ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Kinetics Of

This research aims to study the first-order kinetics of biodiesel production from used frying oil (UFO) through transesterification with methanol. Used frying oil was collected from fried peddlers around the campus of the University of Lampung. Technical grade methanol and NaOH catalyst were purchased from a local chemical supplier. The experiment was carried out with 100 ml of UFO at various combinations of oil to methanol molar ratio (1:4, 1:5, and 1:6), reaction temperatures(30 to 55oC, the ramping temperature of 5o C), and reaction time of 0.25 to 10 minutes. First-order kinetic was employed using 126 data pairs (87.5%). The acquired kinetic model was validated using 18 data sets (12.5%) observed at a reaction time of eight min. Results show that biodiesel yield was increased with reaction time, its molar ratio, and temperature. The maximum return of 78.44% was achieved at 55oC and molar ratio of 1:6. The kinetic analysis obtains the reaction rate constant (k) in the range of 0.045 to 0.130. The value of k increases with the reaction temperature and molar ratio. The analysis also reveals the average activation energy (Ea) of the UFO transesterification reaction with methanol and NaOH catalyst to be 21.59 kJ/mol. First-order kinetic is suitable to predict biodiesel yield from UFO because of low %RMSE (3.39%) and high R2 (0.8454

Comparison and optimisation of biodiesel production from Jatropha curcas oil using supercritical methyl acetate and methanol

2011 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzalila Niza ◽  
Kok Tan ◽  
Zainal Ahmad ◽  
Keat Lee
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Reaction Temperature ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Acid Methyl Ester ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Supercritical Methanol ◽  
Jatropha Curcas Oil ◽  
Optimum Yield

AbstractIn this study, biodiesel has been successfully produced by transesterification using non-catalytic supercritical methanol and methyl acetate. The variables studied, such as reaction time, reaction temperature and molar ratio of methanol or methyl acetate to oil, were optimised to obtain the optimum yield of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Subsequently, the results for both reactions were analysed and compared via Response Surface Methodology (RSM) analysis. The mathematical models for both reactions were found to be adequate to predict the optimum yield of biodiesel. The results from the optimisation studies showed that a yield of 89.4 % was achieved for the reaction with supercritical methanol within the reaction time of 27 min, reaction temperature of 358°C, and methanol-to-oil molar ratio of 44. For the reaction in the presence of supercritical methyl acetate, the optimum conditions were found to be: reaction time of 32 min, reaction temperature of 400°C, and methyl acetate-to-oil molar ratio of 50 to achieve 71.9 % biodiesel yield. The differences in the behaviour of methanol and methyl acetate in the transesterification reaction are largely due to the difference in reactivity and mutual solubility of Jatropha curcas oil and methanol/methyl acetate.

scholarly journals Municipal Leachate Treatment by Fenton Process: Effect of Some Variable and Kinetics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmadian ◽  
Sohyla Reshadat ◽  
Nader Yousefi ◽  
Seyed Hamed Mirhossieni ◽  
Mohammad Reza Zare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Color Removal ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Order Kinetic ◽  
Fenton Process ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Leachate Treatment ◽  
First Order ◽  
Order Kinetic Model ◽  
Better Than

Due to complex composition of leachate, the comprehensive leachate treatment methods have been not demonstrated. Moreover, the improper management of leachate can lead to many environmental problems. The aim of this study was application of Fenton process for decreasing the major pollutants of landfill leachate on Kermanshah city. The leachate was collected from Kermanshah landfill site and treated by Fenton process. The effect of various parameters including solution pH, Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time was investigated. The result showed that with increasing Fe2+and H2O2dosage, Fe2+/H2O2molar ratio, and reaction time, the COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal increased. The maximum COD, TOC, TSS, and color removal were obtained at low pH (pH: 3). The kinetic data were analyzed in term of zero-order, first-order, and second-order expressions. First-order kinetic model described the removal of COD, TOC, TSS, and color from leachate better than two other kinetic models. In spite of extremely difficulty of leachate treatment, the previous results seem rather encouraging on the application of Fenton’s oxidation.

scholarly journals Biodiesel Production from a Novel Nonedible Feedstock, Soursop (Annona muricata L.) Seed Oil

Energies ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Hung Su ◽  
Hoang Nguyen ◽  
Uyen Pham ◽  
My Nguyen ◽  
Horng-Yi Juan
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Annona Muricata ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Feedstock ◽  
Acid Catalyzed ◽  
American Society ◽  
Optimal Reaction

This study investigated the optimal reaction conditions for biodiesel production from soursop (Annona muricata) seeds. A high oil yield of 29.6% (w/w) could be obtained from soursop seeds. Oil extracted from soursop seeds was then converted into biodiesel through two-step transesterification process. A highest biodiesel yield of 97.02% was achieved under optimal acid-catalyzed esterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, 1% H2SO4, reaction time: 90 min, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 10:1) and optimal alkali-catalyzed transesterification conditions (temperature: 65 °C, reaction time: 30 min, 0.6% NaOH, and a methanol:oil molar ratio: 8:1). The properties of soursop biodiesel were determined and most were found to meet the European standard EN 14214 and American Society for Testing and Materials standard D6751. This study suggests that soursop seed oil is a promising biodiesel feedstock and that soursop biodiesel is a viable alternative to petrodiesel.

scholarly journals Box-Behnken Design for Optimization on Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil and Methyl Acetate using Ultrasound Assisted Interesterification Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahfud Mahfud ◽  
Ansori Ansori
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Methyl Acetate ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Separation Process ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Box Behnken Design

Energy demand is currently increasing in line with technological and economic developments, but not accompanied by an increase in energy reserves. So we need another alternative energy that can be renewed, namely biodiesel. Biodiesel has been produced commercially through the transesterification from vegetable oil with methanol using catalyst that produces esters and glycerol. The formation of glycerol which is by-product can reduce its economic value, so it needs to be done the separation process. Therefore, a new route is proposed in this study, namely the interesterification reaction (non-alcoholic route) using methyl acetate as an alkyl group supplier and potassium methoxide catalyst. The superiority of the product produced by the interesterification reaction is biodiesel with triacetin byproducts which have an economical value and can be added to biodiesel formulations because of their solubility so that no side product separation process is needed. To increase the yield of biodiesel and the interesterification rate, the ultrasound method was used in this study. To optimize the factors that affect the interesterification reaction (molar ratio of methyl acetate to oil, catalyst concentration, temperature, and interesterification time), the Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used. Optimal operating conditions to produce the yields of biodiesel of 98.64 % are at molar ratio of methyl acetate to palm oil of 18.74, catalyst concentration of 1.24 %, temperature of 57.84 °C, and interesterification time of 12.69 minutes.

scholarly journals High-Quality Biodiesel Production from Buriti (Mauritia flexuosa) Oil Soapstock

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Pantoja ◽  
Vanessa Mescouto ◽  
Carlos Costa ◽  
José Zamian ◽  
Geraldo Rocha Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Mauritia Flexuosa ◽  
Buriti Oil ◽  
Brazilian Standard

The buriti palm (Mauritia flexuosa) is a palm tree widely distributed throughout tropical South America. The oil extracted from the fruits of this palm tree is rich in natural antioxidants. The by-products obtained from the buriti palm have social and economic importance as well, hence the interest in adding value to the residue left from refining this oil to obtain biofuel. The process of methyl esters production from the buriti oil soapstock was optimized considering acidulation and esterification. The effect of the molar ratio of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to soapstock in the range from 0.6 to 1.0 and the reaction time (30–90 min) were analyzed. The best conditions for acidulation were molar ratio 0.8 and reaction time of 60 min. Next, the esterification of the fatty acids obtained was performed using methanol and H2SO4 as catalyst. The effects of the molar ratio (9:1–27:1), percentage of catalyst (2–6%) and reaction time (1–14 h) were investigated. The best reaction conditions were: 18:1 molar ratio, 4% catalyst and 14 h reaction time, which resulted in a yield of 92% and a conversion of 99.9%. All the key biodiesel physicochemical characterizations were within the parameters established by the Brazilian standard. The biodiesel obtained presented high ester content (96.6%) and oxidative stability (16.1 h).

scholarly journals Biocatalytic Pickering Emulsions Stabilized by Lipase-Immobilized Carbon Nanotubes for Biodiesel Production

Catalysts ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihui Wang ◽  
Xinlong Liu ◽  
Yanjun Jiang ◽  
Liya Zhou ◽  
Li Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Polynomial Equation ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Multiwall Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Pickering Emulsions ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Immobilized Candida Antarctica Lipase

Biodiesel is a promising renewable energy source that can replace fossil fuel, but its production is limited by a lack of high-efficiency catalysts for mass production and popularization. In this study, we developed a biocatalytic Pickering emulsion using multiwall carbon nanotube-immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB@PE) to produce biodiesel, with J. curcas L. seed oil and methanol as substrates. The morphology of CALB@PE was characterized in detail. A central composite design of the response surface methodology (CCD-RSM) was used to study the effects of the parameters on biodiesel yield, namely the amount of J. curcas L. seed oil (1.5 g), molar ratio of methanol to oil (1:1–7:1), CALB@PE dosage (20–140 mg), temperature (30–50 °C), and reaction time (0–24 h). The experimental responses were fitted with a quadratic polynomial equation, and the optimum reaction conditions were the methanol/oil molar ratio of 4.64:1, CALB@PE dosage of 106.87 mg, and temperature of 34.9 °C, with a reaction time of 11.06 h. A yield of 95.2%, which was basically consistent with the predicted value of 95.53%, was obtained. CALB@PE could be reused up to 10 times without a substantial loss of activity. CALB@PE exhibited better reusability than that of Novozym 435 in the process of biodiesel production.

Natural Hydroxyapatite (NHAp) Derived from Pork Bone as a Renewable Catalyst for Biodiesel Production via Microwave Irradiation

2015 ◽  
Vol 659 ◽  
pp. 216-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Achanai Buasri ◽  
Thaweethong Inkaew ◽  
Laorrut Kodephun ◽  
Wipada Yenying ◽  
Vorrada Loryuenyong
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Microwave Power ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Catalyst Loading ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Animal Bone ◽  
Natural Hydroxyapatite

The use of waste materials for producing biodiesel via transesterification has been of recent interest. In this study, the pork bone was used as the raw materials for natural hydroxyapatite (NHAp) catalyst. The calcination of animal bone was conducted at 900 °C for 2 h. The raw material and the resulting heterogeneous catalyst were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method. The effects of reaction time, microwave power, methanol/oil molar ratio, catalyst loading and reusability of catalyst were systematically investigated. The optimum conditions, which yielded a conversion of oil of nearly 94%, were reaction time 5 min and microwave power 800 W. The results indicated that the NHAp catalysts derived from pork bone showed good reusability and had high potential to be used as biodiesel production catalysts under microwave-assisted transesterification of Jatropha Curcas oil with methanol.

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