Activation of Zeolite from Malang as Catalyst for Plastic Waste Conversion to Fuel

2020 ◽  
Vol 851 ◽  
pp. 212-219
Author(s):  
Aman Santoso ◽  
Ida Bagus S. Sumari ◽  
Novia Nina Safitri ◽  
Anugrah Ricky Wijaya ◽  
Daratu Eviana Kusuma Putri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Main Process ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Pyrolysis Products ◽  
Ms Analysis

Plastic pollution is an environmental problem that has not resolved until now. Pyrolysis is able to be a solution to reduce plastic waste. The use of catalysts will reduce heating temperatures, speed up processing time, and increase product yield. Natural zeolite has the potency as a catalyst in pyrolysis process due to its micropore structure, high acidity and thermal stability. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of active zeolite catalyst on the polypropylene pyrolysis. The main process of this study is pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP) plastic waste without catalysts and with natural zeolite catalysts which were non-activated and activated. Natural zeolites were activated by HF, HCl and NH4Cl. The well result of this research is represented by the yield, viscosity, calorific value, FTIR and GC-MS analysis. Based on the results of diffractogram analysis, natural zeolites catalyst in this study is included in modernite minerals crystalline. The ratio of Si/Al in zeolite before activation was 7.07 and the acidity was 0.697 g/mmol. After the activation process, the ratio of Si/Al and zeolite acidity increased by 62.181% and 43.84%. The use of active natural zeolite catalysts in pyrolysis PP could reduce the total reaction time by 57.14%. Pyrolysis products with active zeolite catalyst compared to without catalysts had clearer color and higher heating value, compared to pirolysis without catalyst. Based on function group analysis with FTIR, the mixture of hydrolyzed compounds containing successive functional groups are-C-H (alkanes), double bond of C=C, hydroxyl-OH group which can be determined as phenol (ArOH), alcohol (ROH), and carboxylic acid (RCOOH). The GC-MS analysis showed that pyrolysis products are composed of a mixture of alkanes, cycloalkanes, alkenes, carboxylic acids with aromatic rings, and ketones. The pyrolysis products without catalysts consist of 5-11 (C5-C11) carbon atoms, whereas the range of carbon atoms of pyrolysis products with active zeolite catalysts was 6-24 (C6-C24).

scholarly journals Utilization of Natural Zeolite Catalyst Impregnated Sn Metal in Glucose Isomerization With Temperature Variations

ALCHEMY ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dwi Putri W. Pamungkas ◽  
Suci Amalia ◽  
Susi Nurul Khalifah
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Edax Analysis ◽  
Modification Process ◽  
Glucose Isomerization ◽  
Ammonia Method

<p>Studied the characteristics of natural zeolite catalysts activated and modifications and catalytic activity in the isomerization of glucose. Natural zeolite was activated by NH<sub>4</sub>NO<sub>3</sub> 2 M obtained catalyst HZA. While modification using 0,24 M Sn metal impregnated on HZA obtained catalyst Sn-HZA. At this stage, hydrothermal process carried out at temperature of 90 °C for 12 hours followed by calcination at temperature of 500 °C for 4 hours. The characterization includes the XRD analysis, SEM-EDAX analysis, acidity by ammonia method, and surface area by adsorption of methylene blue method. Glucose conversion was obtained through analysis of polarimeter at hour-0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 with temperature variation of 110, 120, and 130 °C. Solution which had the highest conversion resulted by polarimeter was analyzed by HPLC. XRD analysis showed that there were no changes in the structure of zeolite after activation and modification process. SEM-EDAX analysis showed that morphology of the zeolite surface is not damaged and Sn metal was successfully impregnated 6,94 %. The activity of HZA and Sn-HZA was 1,4850 mmol/g and 2,3145 mmol/g. while the surface area of HZA and Sn-HZA was 11,4077 m<sup>2</sup>/g and 11,4738 m<sup>2</sup>/g. Using the Sn-HZA catalyst with the reaction temperature of 120 °C provides the highest conversion of glucose and fructose selectivity. It were 14,0733 % w/v and 0,646 % w/v.<em>  </em></p><p class="BodyAbstract"> </p><strong><em>Keywords</em>:</strong> <em>Catalyst, glucose, isomerization, natural zeolite, Sn metal.</em>

scholarly journals Synthesis of Biodiesel From Rubber Seed Oil with Acid and Base Activated Natural Zeolite Catalyst

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Tiamina Nasution ◽  
Akhir Mauludin Pulungan ◽  
Yuli Asih Wiliranti ◽  
Junifa Layla Sihombing ◽  
Ahmad Nasir Pulungan
Keyword(s):  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Chemical Activation ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Rubber Seed Oil ◽  
Rubber Seed ◽  
Biodiesel Synthesis ◽  
Acid And Base ◽  
Environmentally Friendly Process

 In this study, biodiesel synthesis was carried out using Z-AH and Z-OH Zeolite catalysts to obtain a cheaper and environmentally friendly process. The catalysts were prepared from Sarulla Indonesian natural zeolite       (Z-AS) through a chemical activation process with certain HCl 3 M and NaOH 2 M, then calcined at 500°C with Nitrogen gas for 4 hours to obtain Z-AH ang Z-OH catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by FT-IR and XRD. The conversion of rubber seed oil into biodiesel was carried out at temperature of 30 oC, 60 oC and 90 oC. The ratio of methanol: rubber seed oil is 6: 1 (v / v) and the catalyst concentration used is 1% wt. The XRD and FTIR data show that Z-AS activation increases the crystallinity of zeolite and does not damage the zeolite skeletal structure.The Z-AH catalyst has a better catalytic activity than the Z-OH catalyst with the conversion value of the biodiesel product obtained at 69.79%.

scholarly journals Natural zeolite formation in Mongolia

2019 ◽  
pp. 35-40
Author(s):  
Baatar Tumenbayar ◽  
Robin Grayson ◽  
Vera Petrova ◽  
Rentsendorj Enkhsaikhan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Sieves ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Chemical Pollution ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Late Mesozoic ◽  
Water Composition ◽  
Zeolite Formation ◽  
Silicon Oxygen

The genesis of natural zeolite in Mongolia is attributable to the late Mesozoic tectonic-magmatism activity in East Mongolia - Dornod. The numerous volcanoes formed during this activation process were surrounded by Cretaceous depressions with mineralized waters (Na+, K+, Ca+, Мg+, Al+, H+, SO42-, CO32- ,Cl-, O2- etc.). The huge amount of ash (glass) emanating from volcanic eruptions fell into the mineralized waters; the hydrolysis of amorphous (silicon-oxygen) structure of the glassy ash was dispersed by the effects of acid and alkaline in the water and became colloids. With the water composition transformation, the silicon and oxygen ions bonded together to form tetrahedral radicals, so forming a structure built up through low-pressure silicon-oxygen chains to become the spongy, web-like structural “skeletons” of zeolite minerals. This silicon-oxygen net structure has hollow spaces of varying sizes, which generates strong charges inside, capable of pulling in and out ions and molecules of various dimensions. These naturally occurred rocks (zeolite) are referred to as “molecular sieves” functioning as a sort of colander for radicals. In other words, it breathes. By this means, a vast region developed rich in natural zeolites of many different types under the influence of the geological, paleogeographic and crystallographic factors noted above and have the volcanic sediments’ origin. Among these, clinoptilolite, chabazite and mordenite deposits have, according to our research, a strategic significance for our country’s possible chemical pollution and nuclear poisoning (reflected in the next article). Also, it is now very obvious that Mongolia's natural zeolites can be used in many branches like heavy industries, construction, agriculture, livestock and household needs.

scholarly journals Study of The Effect of Zeolite Catalyst Use on Renewable Energy Products from HDPE Plastic Pyrolysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Nurull Fanani ◽  
Eky Novianarenti ◽  
Erlinda Ningsih ◽  
Kartika Udyani ◽  
Agus Budianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Pyrolysis Process ◽  
Heating Value ◽  
The World ◽  
Energy Products

Nowadays, waste is a serious problem, especially plastic waste, which is quite alarming in the world. Plastic is waste that is difficult to degrade and takes hundreds of years to decompose. One of the promising technologies for recycling plastics is pyrolysis. This is the process of breaking long chains of polymers into hydrocarbons which are carried out at high temperatures. The purpose of this paper was to know the effect of using catalysts and non-catalysts on yield and calorific value. In this study, the pyrolysis process used a natural zeolite catalyst with a temperature of 500ºC. 50 grams of HDPE Plastic feed was put into the reactor for 3 hours. The variations in the addition of Zeolite catalyst were 1.5, 2.5, 3.75 and 5%wt. The results goals that the highest yield was 44.36% and the heating value of 10230.295 cal/g for the addition of 5 grams of catalyst. The addition of a catalyst can increase the conversion of plastic to fuelKeywords: Catalyst, Plastic, HDPE, energy, pyrolysis

Study of the Use of Mamasa Natural Zeolite which is Activated by Acid as a Catalyst for Cracking Palm Oil Methyl Esters

2019 ◽  
Vol 967 ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sira Sarungallo Rosalia ◽  
Lewerang Halimaking Wilhelmus ◽  
Denny ◽  
Hariani Soekamto Nunuk ◽  
Taba Paulina
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Saponification Number ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Zeolite X

A research has been conducted to activate natural zeolites from Mamasa, West Sulawesi with sulfuric acid and heating which is then used as a catalyst for cracking palm oil methyl esters. This type of research is preliminary research. The acidification process is carried out by mixing fine natural zeolites with 0.2 N H2SO4 solution, accompanied by heating at 110 °C. Then zeolite is calcined at 600 °C for 3 hours. The result of zeolite X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that Mamasa natural zeolite has mordenite. The crystallinity of natural zeolites is 60.8%, increasing to 68.6% after activation. Catalytic cracking is carried out by heating methyl esters (biodiesel) and active zeolite zeolite catalysts in a fixed bed reactor in several temperature variations (140, 160, and 180 °C), reaction time of 5 minutes. The results of the saponification number analysis show that cracking products have a greater saponification number (224.4 mg KOH/g oil) compared to biodiesel before cracking (220.2 mg KOH/g oil), so it is assumed that the carbon cracking carbon chain is shorter.

Study of the pozzolanic activity and hydration products of cement pastes with addition of natural zeolites

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Lilkov ◽  
O. Petrov ◽  
V. Petkova ◽  
N. Petrova ◽  
Y. Tzvetanova
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Cement Paste ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Large Surface Area ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Hydration Products ◽  
Cement Pastes

AbstractThis paper presents results from comparative thermogravimetric, calorimetric and pozzolanic activity analyses of five natural zeolite samples from Bulgaria, Slovakia, Philippines, USA and North Korea. The zeolites actively participate in the hydration processes of cement. Their activity in the early stage of hydration is based mainly on the large surface area of the particles while, in the later stages of activation, chemical reactions occur between the products of the hydration of cement and the soluble SiO2 that is present in the bulk of the zeolites. It has been shown that in all cement pastes which contain zeolite additives, the quantity of portlandite is lower than that in pure cement paste or is even totally absent. The amounts of hydration products are greater when 30% zeolite is used than when 10% zeolite is added (excluding the sample with chabazite). The lowest pozzolanic activity is shown by chabazite, which possessed the lowest SiO2/Al2O2 ratio.

scholarly journals REDUCTION OF METAL CATIONS CONTENT FROM THE AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS BY SORBENTS

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
pp. 5307-5311
Author(s):  
IVETA PANDOVA ◽  
◽  
MIROSLAV RIMAR ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Metal Cations ◽  
Sorption Kinetics ◽  
Synthetic Zeolite ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Chemically Treated ◽  
Synthetic Zeolites

The article presents the results of research on reducing the concentration of heavy metals, such as copper and nickel, on natural zeolite in comparison with synthetic zeolite and chemically treated natural zeolite. The reduction of the content of specific types of heavy metals from aqueous solutions was investigated by the method of sorption kinetics. The results indicate the ability of natural zeolites to compete with synthetic zeolites.

scholarly journals Pengujian Zeolit Alam Mordenit Sebagai Penjerap Proses Pendegradasian Kandungan Amonium di dalam Air Tambak

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Nuryoto Nuryoto ◽  
Teguh Kurniawan ◽  
Indar Kustiningsih
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonium Concentration ◽  
Small Fish ◽  
Natural Zeolites ◽  
Absorption Time ◽  
Adsorption Time ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Other Hand

ABSTRACTIndonesia has an abundant quantity of natural zeolites that have not yet been utilized maximally. On the other hand, fishpond farmers have a problem regarding the presence of ammonium in the fishpond water which will negatively impact to survival of fish, especially small fish. To solve this problem, this research was utilizing natural zeolite to degrade ammonium in the fishpond water. This research aimed to test mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah as an adsorbent to collaborate some variables impact to reach more maximal adsorption. The variables that were used to be observed were: mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah as an adsorbent which has been activated by 1-7 N H2SO4 and the other was without activation, ammonium concentration of 80-800 ppm, the particle size of adsorbent of 80 and 150 mesh, stirring speed of 600 and 800 rpm, and without stirring by duration adsorption time of 60 minutes. The research results showed that mordenite natural zeolite after activated was able to adsorb of 100% ammonium, while for the mordenite natural zeolite from Bayah without stirring was of 80%, by the same absorption time. These results will give significant benefits for fishpond farmers to increase their productivity because of the increase in fish survival.Keywords: adsorption, adsorbent, zeolite, amoniumABSTRAKKandungan zeolit alam di Indonesia cukup melimpah dan belum termanfaatkan secara maksimal. Pada sisi lain petani tambak dihadapkan pada masalah terdapatnya kandungan amonium di dalam air tambak, yang akan berdampak negatif bagi keberlangsungan hidup ikan, terutama ikan yang masih kecil. Penelitian ini mencoba memanfaatkan zeolit alam guna mendegradasi kandungan amonium dalam air tambak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengujian terhadap zeolit alam mordenit dari Bayah sebagai adsorben, baik dilakukan dengan pengadukan maupun tanpa pengadukan, serta mengkolaborasi beberapa variabel yang berpengaruh agar hasil adsorpsi lebih maksimal. Observasi dilakukan dengan zeolit alam mordenit dari Bayah yang telah diaktivasi dengan 1-7 N H2SO4 maupun tanpa aktivasi, rentang konsentrasi larutan amonium 80-800 ppm, ukuran partikel adsorben 80 dan 150 mesh, kecepatan pengadukan 600 dan 800 rpm, dan tanpa pengadukan serta lamanya waktu penyerapan 60 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukan hasil yang sangat baik, dan secara umum zeolit alam mordenit Bayah teraktivasi telah mampu melakukan adsorpsi amonium sebesar 100%, sedangkan untuk zeolit alam mordenit Bayah tanpa pengadukan sebesar 80% pada waktu adsorpsi yang sama.Kata kunci: adsorpsi, adsorben, zeolit, amonium

scholarly journals Study of The Acid-Base Effect on Zeolite Activation and Its Characterization as Adsorbent of Methylene Blue Dye

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulius Dala Ngapa
Keyword(s):  
Methylene Blue ◽  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Activation Process ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Isothermal Adsorption ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Equilibrium Process

<p>Activation is one of the processes by which are mostly done to improve the quality of natural zeolite. Activation process by zeolite will change the ratio of the Si/Al and can increase the formation of empty cavities so that the capability of zeolite as an adsorbent be optimal. In this research, natural zeolite from the district of Ende, Nusa Tenggara Timur. Activation Ende natural zeolite done chemically using HCl and NaOH solution, with variations concentrate 0,5 M; 1,5 M; and 3,0 M. Next, zeolite which has activated used to adsorb dye methylene blue. Based on the research results, chemically of activation from natural zeolite can increase the adsorption capacity to substance methylene blue. The adsorption capacity in the Ende natural and after activation is 17,289 mg/g and 19,98 mg/g respectively. The Langmuir model most closely matched the isothermal adsorption of equilibrium process.</p>

scholarly journals Characterization and Modification of Natural Zeolite and Its Cracking Properties on Petroleum Fraction

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Mukhamad Nurhadi ◽  
Wega Trisunaryanti ◽  
M Utoro Yahya ◽  
Bambang Setiaji
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Natural Zeolite ◽  
Zeolite Catalyst ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Hydrogen Gas ◽  
Petroleum Fraction ◽  
Ammonia Adsorption ◽  
Exchange Method ◽  
Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy

Preparation of natural zeolite catalyst consist of dealumination using acid (HF 1% (v/v), HCI 1M), steaming at calcination temperature and both treatments ware carried out. The modification of the zeolite catalyst was done by loading a small amount of chromium (3% b/b) on the zeolite by ion exchange method. Ion exchange was processed by immersing the zeolite in 0.115 M chromium nitrate solution, followed by oxidation with oxygen gas and reduction by hydrogen gas. The characterization of the zeolite catalyst by mean of Si/AI ratio, acidity, metal contents (Na, K, Ca, Fe and Cr) and surface area including pore size distribution were determined by gravimetric method, ammonia adsorption, Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS) and nitrogen gas sorption analyzer (NOVA-1000), respectively. The result of characterization showed that dealumination process increased the Si/AI ratio, acidity and decreased the metal content. The result of cracking process showed that modification of the natural zeolite catalyst enhanced the catalysis property, it showed relatively high cracking activity of petroleum fraction and low kokass formation.

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