Comparison of Hardness and Microstructure of Cast Wheel and Spoke Wheel Rims of Motorcycles Made of Aluminum Alloy Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 892 ◽  
pp. 81-88
Author(s):  
Husaini ◽  
Ali Nurdin ◽  
Abdillah Sofian ◽  
Nuzan Rizki Muhammad
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Average Hardness ◽  
Vehicle System ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components

The rim is one of the main components in a motorized vehicle system, both two and three wheels. Rim loads when used are dynamic and often even shock. This study aims to study the mechanical characteristics, especially the hardness properties of spoke wheel rims and cast wheel rims made of aluminum alloy used in motorcycles and compare the results. Hardness testing is carried out on the spoke wheel and cast wheel specimens, using the Rockwell method with an identifier of 1/16 ball and a spectrometer used for both microstructure observations. The result of the average hardness test for the spoke wheel is HRB 99.3, while for the cast wheel is HRB 76.5. From the hardness test, it can be concluded that the hardness of the spoke wheel type is higher than the cast wheel type due to the difference in the manufacturing process. Cast wheel rims can withstand a load of 3 tons (30000 N) and the value of rim tension that can be accepted until the fracture is 45.84 MPa. Meanwhile, spoke wheel rims have the ability to withstand smaller compressive loads than cast wheel rims, which are 2 tonnes (20000 N) and the rims can accept the stress of 66.04 MPa until they break.

scholarly journals Rockwell Hardness Testing of Pure Nickel Collimators for BNCT Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Erasmus Prakasita ◽  
Yohanes Sardjono ◽  
Budi Setyahandana
Keyword(s):  
Centrifugal Casting ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Hardness Number ◽  
Boron Neutron Capture ◽  
Material Hardness ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Almost All

In this study, Rockwell and Brinell hardness testing was used to examine material hardness. These methods were chosen because they are easy to carry out, relatively inexpensive, and almost all sizes and shapes can be tested, in which nickel hardness before and after centrifugal casting are identified and compared. These tests enable the determination of the hardness numbers of nickel collimators using for boron neutron capture therapy. The samples were five nickel plates with a dimension of 4.5 × 4.5 cm and five collimators. The collimators were cylindrical and made using centrifugal casting. The basic principle of the hardness test was to apply loading on the object being tested. The Rockwell test was used to assess the material's hardness from the difference of indentation depth, while the Brinell test was used to determine the hardness from the diameter of indentation. From the results of this test, the hardness number of nickel before centrifugal casting is 168.53 BHN or 86.13 HRB, while the hardness number after centrifugal casting is 115.68 BHN or 64.84 HRB. It can therefore be concluded that centrifugal casting decreased nickel hardness.

scholarly journals Rolling of Flat Aluminum Strips with Tailored Mechanical Properties

2016 ◽  
Vol 854 ◽  
pp. 87-92
Author(s):  
Olexandr Grydin ◽  
Serhii Bondarenko ◽  
Mykhailo Stolbchenko ◽  
Mirko Schaper
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Cold Rolling ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Work Hardening ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
The Difference

In this study, the possibility of producing of flat aluminum strips with tailored mechanical properties across their width by means of rolling was examined. The aim of the work was an experimental analysis of the effect of cold rolling of the strips with a pre-profiled cross-section in flat rolls. Because of different work hardening of the various elements of the pre-profiled strips a characteristic profile of mechanical properties over the strips cross-section was created. The performed tensile tests and hardness measurements proved the possibility of setting of tailored properties in flat strips by means of rolling. The difference between the mechanical characteristics of various strip’s elements for the selected aluminum alloy can reach 40%.

Microstructure and Hardness of 7055 Aluminum Alloy Processed by Circular Cryogenic-Aging Treatment

2013 ◽  
Vol 575-576 ◽  
pp. 374-377
Author(s):  
Hong Ming Wang ◽  
Guirong Li ◽  
Yun Cai ◽  
Yu Tao Zhao ◽  
Jun Jie Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Dislocation Density ◽  
Aging Treatment ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Micro Hardness ◽  
Cycle Index ◽  
7055 Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Test Result

7055 aluminum alloy was processed by circular cryogenic-aging treatments for four times. Some characters such as precipitates, dislocation density, crystal structure and micro hardness were studied in detail. It is showed that the sizes of precipitates are decreased from several hundred nanometers to 100nm with the increase of cycle index. The main components are AlZn or AlZnMg phases. The hardness test result illustrates that the micro hardness arrives at 232HV after circular cryogenic-aging treatment for twice. The corresponding precipitates exhibit high density and complex sizes. The sizes are in the range of 50-200nm.

scholarly journals Failure analysis of motorcycle shock breakers

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1150-1159
Author(s):  
Afrizal Yose Mahendra ◽  
Aditya Rio Prabowo ◽  
Triyono Triyono
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Hardness Testing ◽  
Vibration Damper ◽  
Spectroscopy Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Average Hardness ◽  
The Difference

Abstract The shock breaker is one of the most important parts of a motorcycle, which functions as a vibration damper. This study aims to analyze the causes of motorcycle shock breaker failure. The research method used is comprised of visual observation, chemical composition testing, Vickers hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis, and tensile testing of a damaged shock breaker. From visual observation, it is found that the damage can be classified as a fatigue fracture, forming a damage pattern at 45°. The chemical composition testing results of the shock breaker fractures show that the material includes low-carbon alloy steel (of ST42 series) with a carbon content of 0.162%. The average hardness value of the damaged part of the shock breaker was increased to 204.87 HV, compared with 171.02 HV in areas far from the damage. The difference in hardness in the shock breaker was caused by the high stress acting on the shock breaker and the consequent strain hardening. The results of this study indicate that the failure mechanism of the motorcycle shock breaker was a functional failure due to errors in the shock breaker manufacturing process and fatigue.

Failure time prognosis in manufacturing process using multi-dislocated time series convolutional neural network

2020 ◽  
pp. 095440892097414
Author(s):  
Bohao Li ◽  
Liping Zhao ◽  
Yiyong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Convolutional Neural Network ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Failure Time ◽  
Great Difficulty ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Massive Data ◽  
The Difference

Failure time prognosis in manufacturing process plays a crucial role in guaranteeing manufacturing safety and reducing maintenance loss. However, most current prognosis methods face great difficulty when handling massive data collected from manufacturing process. Convolutional neural network (CNN) provides an effective way to extract features with massive data. Due to the difference between images and multisensory signals, CNN is not suitable for machining process. Inspired by the idea of CNN, a novel prognosis framework is proposed based on the characteristics of multisensory signals, which is called multi-dislocated time series convolutional neural network (MDTSCNN). The proposed MDTSCNN is composed of multi-dislocate layer, convolutional layer, pooling layer and fully connected layer. By adding a multi-dislocate layer, this model can learn the relationship between different signals and different intervals in periodic multisensory signals. The effectiveness of proposed method is validated by a milling process. Compared to other prognosis method, the proposed MDTSCNN shows enhanced performances in prediction accuracy.

scholarly journals Automatic Temperature Measurement and Monitoring System for Milling Process of AA6041 Aluminum Aloy using MLX90614 Infrared Thermometer Sensor with Arduino

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Agus Sudianto ◽  
Zamberi Jamaludin ◽  
Azrul Azwan Abdul Rahman ◽  
Sentot Novianto ◽  
Fajar Muharrom
Keyword(s):  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Temperature Measurement ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Measurement System ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Milling Process ◽  
Numerical Control ◽  
Machining Process ◽  
Infrared Thermometer ◽  
Temperature Measurement System

Manufacturing process of metal part requires real-time temperature monitoring capability to ensure high surface integrity is upheld throughout the machining process. A smart temperature measurement and monitoring system for manufacturing process of metal parts is necessary to meet quality and productivity requirements. A smart temperature measurement can be applied in machining processes of conventional, non-conventional and computer numerical control (CNC) machines. Currently, an infrared fusion based thermometer Fluke Ti400 was employed for temperature measurement in a machining process. However, measured temperature in the form of data list with adjustable time range setting is not automatically linked to the computer for continuous monitoring and data analysis purposes. For this reason, a smart temperature measurement system was developed for a CNC milling operation on aluminum alloy (AA6041) using a MLX90614 infrared thermometer sensor operated by Arduino. The system enables data linkages with the computer because MLX90614 is compatible and linked to Microsoft Exel via the Arduino. This paper presents a work-study on the performance of this Arduino based temperature measurement system for dry milling process application. Here, the Arduino based temperature measurement system captured the workpiece temperature during machining of Aluminum Alloy (AA6041) and data were compared with the Fluke Ti400 infrared thermometer. Measurement results from both devices showed similar accuracy level with a deviation of ± 2 oC. Hence, a smart temperature measurement system was succeesfully developed expanding the scopes of current system setup.

scholarly journals A Characteristic of Selected Properties of Vulcanised Rubber Elements Used on the “Izabel” Inland Vessel

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 675-679
Author(s):  
Patrycja Pawłowska ◽  
Zbigniew Matuszak ◽  
Katarzyna Sosik ◽  
Mária Chovancová
Keyword(s):  
Hardness Test ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
General Concept ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Shore Hardness ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
High Elasticity ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loads ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Elastic Deformability

Abstract Vulcanised rubber as a complex system is made from the basic component being virgin rubber and various components amounting to 10-15 per cent or even more. The material gains its most valuable properties in the final phase of processing i.e. vulcanisation. In mechanical as well as automotive engineering it is important for vulcanised rubber to be resistant to grease, oil and fuel in high operating temperatures. Being one of the very valuable isolation materials, vulcanised rubber is also characterised by dielectric and elastic properties as well as distinguished resistance to operating conditions (high/low temperature, weather conditions). All the above mentioned applications of vulcanised rubbers are also found in the shipyard industry. Their use is also very much predicated on the properties such as: ability to attenuate mechanical vibrations, high elasticity, considerable elastic deformability under static and dynamic loads, low permeability of water and gas, resistance to various chemicals, and other. The purpose of this article was to determine the hardness of vulcanised rubber samples obtained from various places on the “Izabel” inland barge. The scope of the study covered sampling and preparing the samples for testing (i.e. cleaning and degreasing the samples). Then, the hardness of the samples was measured using the Shore hardness test. The first part of the article presents the general concept of vulcanised rubber, its main components, properties, applications, and ageing. The second part focuses on the research scope and measuring the hardness of vulcanised rubber samples obtained from the “Izabel” inland barge.

scholarly journals The Difference Of The Triangular Theory Of Love In Married Women Judging From The Length Of Marriage

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 264-276
Author(s):  
Elisa Muloko ◽  
Ribka Limbu ◽  
Dian Lestari Anakaka
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Main Components

One of the main reasons people getting married is because of the love and commitment that is shared with the partner. Sternberg (in Taylor, dkk, 2009), explained that love has three main components, namely intimacy, passion and commitment. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in intimacy, passion and commitment in married women judging from length of marriage. The theory used to explain intimacy, passion and commitment in this study is the Triangular Theory love proposed by Sternberg (1986). This study was conducted at 402 married women. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Data collection devices are questionnaire, in the form of the triangular theory of love scale (STLS) adapted by the authors, with the reliability of the scale is 0.956. The results of the data analysis with the Kruskal Wallis technique, obtained value of Asymp. Significance is 0.026 (p < 0.05). The results of the data analysis show that there is a significant differences of intimacy, passion and commitment in married women judging from the length of marriage.

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