The Role of Anionic Surfactant to the Particle Size Reduction of Conductive PANi

2020 ◽  
Vol 1000 ◽  
pp. 265-271
Author(s):  
Mas Ayu Elita Hafizah ◽  
Ahmad Luthfi Mahar ◽  
Suparno ◽  
Andreas ◽  
Azwar Manaf
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Chain Length ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Oxidation ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Size Growth

The conductive polyaniline (PANi) with fine particles of sizes from 724 nm down to 191 nm has been successfully synthesized through chemical oxidation reaction. The synthesis of PANi was carried out in acidic media under HCl 1.5 M solution using ammonium persulphate (APS) as an oxidizing agent in the presence of anionic surfactants. Two different types of surfactant respectively Sodium Octyl Sulphate (SOS) and Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate (SDS) were brought into an investigation on the effect of the surfactant chain length of C8 and C12 to the particle size formation. Such molecular chain length is responsible for the particle size growth rate. It was found that the average particle size of PANi decreased gradually by the addition of SOS and SDS surfactants with 1 % concentration each. The particle of PANi with sizes 296 nm and 191 nm was obtained as analyzed by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). These sizes are far below 724 nm, which obtained from the same reaction but with surfactant free. Other supporting indicators showed that the pH of reaction solution was somewhat more acidic after 7 hours of reaction when the surfactant with pH value range within 0.7 – 1.4 presence. The temperature of solution increased with time following the energy released reached 30-31°C within the first 30 minutes, which was lower when compared with that of surfactant free.

Particle Size Distribution of ZrO2:Pr3+ – Influences of pH, High Power Ultrasound, Surfactant and Dopant Quantity

2007 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 97-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Möller ◽  
Janusz D. Fidelus ◽  
Witold Łojkowski
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
High Power ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Power Ultrasound ◽  
High Power Ultrasound ◽  
Influence Of Ph

The aim of the work was to examine the influence of pH, high power ultrasound, surfactant and dopant quantity on the particle size distribution of ZrO2:Pr3+, with praseodymium content varying between 0.05 and 10 %. The nanopowders were obtained via a hydrothermal microwave driven process. To establish if the dopant was located on the surface of the zirconia nanoparticles, the particle size distribution, as a function of pH, was measured to obtain an estimate of the isoelectric point of the samples. All results indicated that the dopant was concentrated on the surface: the measurements of the particle size distribution show that the pH corresponding to maximum average particle size changes towards higher values when the Pr content increases. Measurements of the particle size distribution dependency on the application of high power ultrasound and the addition of the sodium dodecyl sulphate surfactant show that, under certain conditions, there is a better stabilisation of the nanopowders in a dispersion and undesirable agglomeration is hindered.

scholarly journals Application of surfactants for the synthesis of qualitative hydroxide and metallic cobalt nanopowders

2021 ◽  
pp. 4-11
Author(s):  
Van Minh Nguyen ◽  
Tien Hiep Nguyen ◽  
Stanislav V. Gorobinsky
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Hydrogen Reduction ◽  
Cetylpyridinium Chloride ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
Spherical Particles ◽  
Narrow Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Application Of Surfactants

In this work, nanopowders (NP) Co(OH)2 were obtained by chemical precipitation from aqueous solutions of cobalt nitrate Co(NO3)2 and alkali NaOH (10 wt. %) using surfactants: sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) (0.1 wt. %). It was shown that Co(OH)2 NP with 0.1% SDS is the best quality product, since its dispersion increases more than 2 times compared to the samples with 0.1% CPC and without surfactants. In this case, the Co(OH)2 NP has the form of flakes with an irregular shape and a nanometer size (about 100 nm) with an average thickness of 30 nm. It was found that the average particle size of Co NP obtained by hydrogen reduction of Co(OH)2 NP with 0.1% SDS at 280°C has a maximum on the distribution histogram shifted to the interval 41–50 nm, which is characterized by a narrow particle size distribution and represents spherical particles sintered with each other.

scholarly journals Physicochemical properties of particulate matter (PM2.5) from the steel industry in Indonesia

2022 ◽  
Vol 951 (1) ◽  
pp. 012032
Author(s):  
R Ermawati ◽  
I Setiawati ◽  
Irwinanita ◽  
A Ariani
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Steel Industry ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hot Strip Mill ◽  
Average Particle

Abstract Particulate matter (PM) as one of the pollutants in the atmosphere needs to be studied. PM has physical and chemical characteristics and is called physicochemical properties. These properties vary depending on the source of the PM. PM samplers are used for air sampling to characterize some fine particles (PM2.5). The PM2.5 samples have collected from four sampling sites in the steel industry in Cilegon, Indonesia. The sampling sites are the main gate, the hot strip mill, the billet post, and the hot blast plant. The sampling period was four months. The physicochemical properties analysed are morphology, elements content, heavy metals, and particle size. The instruments used to analyse were Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS), Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The morphology of PM2.5 detected varied, but the elements and the most elements found were F and C particles. The metals concentration was below the Indonesia Regulation. While the average particle size analysed was below 2,500 nm. The physicochemical properties of PM2.5 are affected by the type of production process in the industry.

Selection of Polyanions as Complexation Agent in the Formation of Nanochitosan by Polyelectrolyte Complex Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 948 ◽  
pp. 140-145
Author(s):  
Al Dina N. Khoerunisa ◽  
Prihati Sih Nugraheni ◽  
Mohammad Fahrurrozi ◽  
Wiratni Budhijanto
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polyelectrolyte Complex ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Aqueous Dispersion ◽  
Complex Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Arabic Gum ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
The Stability

The aqueous dispersion of nanochitosan was prepared by polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) method with various mixing ratios of chitosan and polyanions, i.e., chitosan-glucomannan, chitosan-hyaluronic acid, and chitosan-Arabic gum. The formation of nanochitosan was carried out by adding the polyanion solution dropwise into the acid solution of chitosan. The study aimed to determine the best polyanion among the variations tested in this study, concerning the targeted particle size and the stability of the dispersion over time. Particle size distribution was observed by Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The result indicated that Arabic gum gave the smallest average particle size, i.e. 192.5 nm, at a chitosan/polyanion mass ratio of 3:1 and pH value of 4.

EFFECT OF METAL PARTICLES (Mo) INCLUSION INTO INSULATING MATRIX (Al2O3)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (32) ◽  
pp. 4723-4731
Author(s):  
SABINA HUSSAIN ◽  
ORFEO SBAIZERO
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Metal Particles ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Conducting Phase ◽  
Metal Contents ◽  
Large Particles ◽  
Percolation Effect ◽  
Random Patterns

The effect of metal particles ( Mo ) inclusion in an insulating matrix ( Al 2 O 3) has been investigated. The conducting phase ( Mo ) is dispersed in alumina in different amounts (00%, 5%, 10%, 20%, 25% in volume). Two types of Mo particles have been used: the first with an average particle size ≅0.56 μm, the other with an average particle size ≅10.0 μm. All specimens were fabricated by hot pressing. The bulk conductivities have been measured over temperatures ranging from 500°C to 900°C using two-probe impedance spectroscopy within the available frequency range (5 Hz–13 MHz). From the interpretation of the impedance spectra, it has been observed that the bulk conductivity for fine particles of Mo inclusion in alumina is higher than that for large particles of Mo inclusion in alumina. A microstructural study revealed that below 15 vol% of Mo inclusion in Al 2 O 3 samples had no-contact random patterns. Samples with metal contents higher than 20 vol% of Mo consistently showed metallic conductivity due to percolation effect.

Characterization of CeO2 Fine Particles Prepared by the Homogeneous Precipitation Method with a Mixed Solutionof Ethylene Glycol and Polyethylene Glycol

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 1087-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naofumi Uekawa ◽  
Masayuki Ueta ◽  
Yong Jun Wu ◽  
Kazuyuki Kakegawa
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Fine Particles ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Cerium Nitrate ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Nitrate Hydrate

Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were obtained by heating a polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution of cerium nitrate hydrate [Ce(NO3)3 6H2O] at 383 K for 3 h. When the PEG, whose molecular weight was 20,000, was used for the preparation, the monodispersed CeO2, whose particle size was about 102 nm, was obtained. When the mixture of PEG20,000 and ethylene glycol (EG) was used to prepare the PEG solution of cerium nitrate hydrate, the average particle size increased from 102 nm to 660 nm with an increase in the EG content of the solution. The pore structure in the obtained CeO2 particles also depended on the weight ratio between EG and PEG20,000.

Effect of Poly(Vinyl Pyrrolidone) on Dispersing Carbon Black Particles

2013 ◽  
Vol 796 ◽  
pp. 432-436
Author(s):  
Xia Yuan
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Ultrasonic Method ◽  
Aqueous Media ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Vinyl Pyrrolidone ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Poly Vinyl Pyrrolidone

The effects of poly (vinyl pyrrolidone)(PVP) on dispersing carbon black (CB) particles were investigated by measuring Z-average particle size, Zeta potential and centrifugal stability of CB dispersions. Addition of PVP in a dispersing medium significantly reduces the size of suspended CB particles, especially in water. The dispersing efficiency of PVP was found to have been enhanced by adding an anionic surfactant, sodium methylenedinaphthalene disulphonate (NNO) in the aqueous media. The particle size of CB dispersed with PVP and NNO was 175.7 nm, significantly smaller than that dispersed with PVP and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The performance of PVP-encapsulated CB particles and that of PVP-adsorbed CB particles were also compared. The particle size and Zeta potential of PVP-encapsulated CB particles were similar to those of PVP-adsorbed CB particles using ultrasonic method, but the centrifugal stability of PVP-encapsulated CB dispersions was significantly improved. The relative absorbency of PVP/CB dispersions was increased from 42.0% to 63.7%. However, the PVP-encapsulated layer can be destroyed by prolonged ultrasonic treatment because the ultrasound over a long period of time can not only break up the flocculation bridge in the crosslinking matrix of PVP, but also flake off the PVP shells on the surface of CB particles.

scholarly journals Fabrication of Caseinate Stabilized Thymol Nanosuspensions via the pH-Driven Method: Enhancement in Water Solubility of Thymol

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074
Author(s):  
Wei Zhou ◽  
Yun Zhang ◽  
Ruyi Li ◽  
Shengfeng Peng ◽  
Roger Ruan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Solubility ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Amorphous State ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Commercial Products ◽  
Long Term Storage

Thymol has been applied as a spice and antibacterial agent in commercial products. However, the utilization of thymol in the food and pharmaceutical field has recently been limited by its poor water solubility and stability. In this work, a caseinate-stabilized thymol nanosuspension was fabricated by pH-driven methods to overcome those limitations. Firstly, the chemical stability of thymol at different pH value conditions was investigated. The physiochemical properties of thymol nanosuspensions were then characterized, such as average particle size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, and loading capacity. Meanwhile, the X-ray diffraction results showed that thymol was present as an amorphous state in the nanosuspensions. The thermal stability of thymol was slightly enhanced by encapsulation through this process, and the thymol nanosuspensions were stable during the long-term storage, and the average particle size of nanosuspensions showed that there was no aggregation of nanosuspensions during storage and high temperature. Finally, the antimicrobial activity of thymol nanosuspensions was evaluated by investigating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Salmomella enterca, Staphlococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. These results could provide useful information and implications for promoting the application of thymol in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical commercial products.

scholarly journals Formulation and Evaluation of Nanosuspension as an Alternative Approach for Solubility Enhancement of Simvastatin

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohini E. Shinde ◽  
Mitesh P. Sonawane ◽  
Avish D. Maru
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Entrapment Efficiency ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Drug Effectiveness ◽  
Saturation Solubility ◽  
Drug Content ◽  
Poorly Water Soluble

Solubility is an essential factor for drug effectiveness. Simvastatin is poorly water-soluble drug and its bioavailability is very low. Nanosuspension is one of those approach which can tremendously enhance the effective surface area of drug particles by reducing the particle size and there by increases the rate of dissolution and hence improve bioavailability. The main purpose of the present investigation was to increase the saturation solubility of simvastatin by preparation of nanosuspension. Nanosuspension of simvastatin were prepared by nanoprecipitation method using hydroxypropyl cellulose as stabilizer and sodium lauryl sulphate as surfactant. Prepared nanosuspension was evaluated for its particle size, total drug content, entrapment efficiency and saturation solubility study. On the basis of the evaluation, the best batch F8 formulation demonstrated highest drug content and entrapment efficiency with average particle size of 0.004µm. The saturation solubility studies show the solubility of the prepared nanosuspension has increased as compared to the pure drug due to the particle size reduction. The nanosuspension of simvastatin could be successfully prepared and can be concluded that the nanosuspension formulation is a promising approach to enhance the solubility. The nanoprecipitation is a simple and effective method to produce nano sized particles of poorly water-soluble drugs with enhance solubility.

scholarly journals Influence of the particle size reduction on magnetic properties of electron-doped Ca1-xYxMnO3

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 351-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aboalqasim Alqat ◽  
Zohra Gebrel ◽  
Vojislav Spasojevic ◽  
Vladan Kusigerski ◽  
Snezana Boskovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Behavior ◽  
Charge Ordering ◽  
Size Reduction ◽  
Magnetic Contribution ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Particle Size Reduction ◽  
Ferro Magnetic ◽  
Ferromagnetic Ordering

The electron-doped magnetic nanoparticles of Ca1-xYxMnO3 (x = 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.30) manganite with an average particle size of 50 nm are analyzed and discussed in relation to their bulk counterparts. Nanoparticle samples show dominant anti-ferromagnetic ordering with a significant increase of coercivity, with the maximum value of 0.9 T for x = 0. Particle size reduction in Ca1-xYxMnO3 retains the bulk-like magnetic behavior of samples having up to 15% of Y3+, with the small ferromagnetic contribution from disordered surface spins. Suppression of charge ordering state and enhancement of saturation magnetization were found in samples with higher Y3+ concentration (x = 0.2, 0.3), indicating high ferro-magnetic contribution in these samples.

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