Influence of the Composition of Boriding Mixture on the Saturation of the Surface of Various Steels with Boron during High-Speed HFC-Boriding

2021 ◽  
Vol 1022 ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Alexey Ishkov ◽  
Vladimir N. Malikov ◽  
Alexander Shegolev
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Average Thickness ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Boride Coatings ◽  
Carbide Inclusions

The use of borate fluxes is an important component of the part hardening process by HFC-heating. The article discusses the possibility of using various coatings to saturate the surface of steel parts, as well as the features of using various boriding agents. Microstructures of the obtained boride coatings at various fractions of the boriding agent have been considered, and the areas of carbide inclusions and average thickness of the resulting coatings have been analyzed. The expediency of P-0.66 fused flux using and changes in the resulting coatings due to the changes in the mass fraction of this flux in various boriding mixtures have been investigated. Based on the obtained data on the microstructures of boride coatings, conclusions were made concerning the most appropriate compositions of boriding mixtures and the mass fraction of fused flux in their composition.

KT5331AS0 and 45 Steel Milling Comparison of Surface Characteristics

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 2062-2068
Author(s):  
Jian Sheng Ding ◽  
Yang Ping Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Fraction ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Steel Surface ◽  
Surface Composition ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Surface Oxidation ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Cutting Parameters ◽  
Machined Surface ◽  
Cooling Conditions

To study the surface composition, hardness, microstructure of the machined surface in KT5331AS0 and 45 steel at different cutting parameters and cooling conditions. The results show that: in the cutting process the mass fraction of W in KT5331AS0 steel surface were reduced to varying degrees, the basic chemical composition of 45 steel surface did not change; When KT5331AS0 steel in the high-speed, higher feed rate, it will be cause surface hardness increasing, however the hardness of 45 steel have no regular variation; 45 steel will have greater depth of the torn surface after milling, tearing a wider range, more obvious surface oxidation.

Investigation of the Various Binders’ Effect on the Lime Binder Carbonate Hardening Process for its Use in Additive Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 1011 ◽  
pp. 123-129
Author(s):  
Alexander Bakhtin ◽  
Nikolay Lyubomirskiy ◽  
Tamara Bakhtina ◽  
Vitaliy Nikolaenko
Keyword(s):  
Inkjet Printing ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hydrated Lime ◽  
Additive Technologies ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Characteristics

The obtaining carbonized material experimental studies’ results based on lime carbonate systems by 3D inkjet printing are presented. Some types of materials used as binders for inorganic binders have been studied. An effective method of hardening the model obtained in the 3D printing process is determined. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the prototypes hardened in the carbon dioxide medium or high concentration are determined. It was found that artificial carbonization of the samples obtained on various types of binders for 90 min contributes to the formation of a fairly strong structure of insoluble calcium carbonate, the hydrated lime carbonation product, and the carbonization degree depends on the type of binder and its mass fraction in the solution. The most effective types of binders were selected and the optimal content of the studied binders in the solution was determined.

scholarly journals Calculation of hardening process parameters for locomotive parts

2018 ◽  
Vol 216 ◽  
pp. 02020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Buynosov ◽  
Vasily Lapshin ◽  
Alexander Smolyaninov ◽  
Albert Dinislamov
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Major Effect ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Deep Penetration ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Heat Hardening ◽  
Uniform Temperature Field ◽  
Deep Penetration Welding

The existing theoretical models of heating by concentrated sources with a high energy density generally describe processes with deep penetration welding of part surfaces. The purpose of this study is to identify the factors that have a major effect on hardening of parts through heat treatment with a high-speed or pulsed scanning stationary heat source, which creates a uniform temperature field. Using methods of regression analysis, the authors derived equations for calculating the hardening depth in the proposed hardening process, the rate and time of steel cooling in a critical temperature range. The paper presents the calculated parameters of the hardening process in which parts, including wheel flanges of locomotives, are heated by a plasma arc in nitrogen. The findings can be used to reduce costs of complex experiments aimed at selecting surface heat hardening parameters to increase the service life of locomotive mechanical parts.

Kinetical Investigations on Lamellar CalciumAluminateChromateHydrates with High Speed Detector

2004 ◽  
Vol 443-444 ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Göske ◽  
U. König ◽  
Herbert Pöllmann
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Ordinary Portland Cement ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Lamellar Phases ◽  
Interlayer Anion ◽  
Technical Features ◽  
Kinetics Of

Lamellar calciumaluminatehydrates are products of the hydration of ordinary Portland cement and play an important role in its hardening process. Due to the fixation ability of inorganic ions the technical features of this lamellar phases are important as reservoir minerals for pollutants (storage minerals). The lamellar calciumaluminatechromatehydrate Monochromate with the idealized formula C3A.Al2O3.CaCrO4.Ca(OH)2.nH2O has been investigated using a Philips Diffraction System X'Pert with the X'Celerator detector to measure the kinetics of the changes in interlayer dimensions in the lamellar calciumaluminatechromatehydrate at room temperature in air. A certain amount of water is weakly fixed in the interlayer depending on the interlayer anion, temperature and relative humidity of the atmosphere. Processes like ion exchange or water-loss in the interlayer cause a variation of the crystal dimension in c-direction. These "processes" can be very fast, therefore an ultra fast data collection and measurement times less than 2 minutes from 2° 2Θ to 70° 2Θ were essential.

INVESTIGATION ON FORMATION AND HARDENING PROCESS OF MICROCAPSULES UNDER EXCITATION

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
TIEN-CHU LIN
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Calcium Chloride ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Membrane Thickness ◽  
Formation Processes ◽  
Membrane Material ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Encapsulation Process

This research investigates the micro-encapsulation process with a pressure-type micro-atomizer. Alginate and CaCl 2 aqueous solution are used as the membrane material and hardening agent, respectively. The high speed images were taken to investigate the formation processes of the microcapsules. Results show that the geometric shape of the microcapsules was sensitive to the droplet flying distant and the concentration of alginate aqueous, however, insensitive to the concentration of CaCl 2 aqueous. Results also show that the membrane thickness of the microcapsules was controlled by the diffusion processes of calcium chloride. An empirical formula was derived to describe the rate change of the membrane thickness in the hardening processes.

scholarly journals Research of high-speed HFC-boriding kinetics

2021 ◽  
Vol 285 ◽  
pp. 07038
Author(s):  
Vladimir Malikov ◽  
Alexander Shegolev ◽  
Alexey Ishkov
Keyword(s):  
Activation Energy ◽  
Chemical Reactions ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Arrhenius Equation ◽  
Main Element ◽  
Kinetic Curves ◽  
Boride Coatings ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Boriding Process

The paper presents studies boride coatings, which were created using high-frequency treatment with currents. Chemical reactions characterized the boriding procedure at various temperatures are show. The choice of the main element, of the reaction-boriding scheme is characterize, their role is revealed, and the probable processes leading to the realization of topochemical boriding initiated by HFC-heating are established. The kinetic curves received during the test at different temperatures are showed. Anamorphoses of the kinetic curves are showed, and the values of activation energy and parameters of the boriding process using HFC-heating are calculated on the basis of linearization of the Arrhenius equation.

Simulation of Induction Quenching on the Work Area of Reading Arm in Electronic Dobby Shedding Device

2013 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
pp. 478-482
Author(s):  
Zhi Long Li ◽  
Rong Fa Chen ◽  
Hua Feng Lu ◽  
Long Wu ◽  
Hua Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Residual Stress ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Induction Hardening ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Residual Stress Field ◽  
Hardening Process ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Thin Walled

Reading arm is a key component of the high-speed looms, thin-walled parts, 3mm thick, easy to be deformation during heat treatment.The hardness HRC60 of workeded area is required and uniform distribution.Temperature field of induction hardening process and distribution of residual stress field were simulated by ANSYS software.The decarburization of induction hardening region was also simulated by Deform software. Heat treatment process was optimized by the simulated results.

scholarly journals On the Mass Distribution of Fragments of an Asteroid Disrupted in the Earth’s Atmosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Irina G. Brykina ◽  
Lidia A. Egorova
Keyword(s):  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Power Index ◽  
Outer Space ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Fragment Mass ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
High Speed Impact ◽  
Impact Experiments

To model the interaction with the atmosphere of fragments of a disrupted asteroid, which move independently of each other, it is necessary to know their mass distribution. In this regard, an analogy is drawn with fragmentation in high-speed impact experiments performed to simulate the disruption of asteroids at their collisions in outer space. Based on the results of impact experiments and assuming a power law for the mass distribution in a differential form, we obtained the cumulative number of fragments as a function of the fragment mass m normalized to the total mass of fragments, the mass fraction of the largest fragment(s), the number of the largest fragments, and the power index. The formula for the cumulative number of fragments of a disrupted body is used to describe the results of impact experiments for different fragmentation types. The proposed fragment mass distribution is also tested by comparison with the mass distributions of recovered meteorites in the cases of Mbale, Bassikounou, Almahata Sitta, Košice, and Chelyabinsk meteorite falls.

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