Electron Beam Welding of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo Alloy

2005 ◽  
Vol 475-479 ◽  
pp. 821-824
Author(s):  
J.Y. Zou ◽  
Yu You Cui ◽  
Rui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Eb Welding ◽  
Phase Combination ◽  
Postweld Heat

Electron beam (EB) welding of Ti-24Al-17Nb-0.5Mo (at.%) alloy and the effects of postweld heat treatments (PWHT) were studied. Through optimizing the welding parameters, defect-free welding joint was obtained. For the as-welded joint, the fusion zone (FZ) consisted of predominant β and occasional α2 within β grains. Microhardness of FZ was higher than that of the base metal (BM) and that of the heat affected zone (HAZ) was between that of BM and FZ. PWHTs greatly modified the microstructures and mechanical properties of the weld zone. PWHTs at both 820oC and 900oC yielded fine acicular laths in FZ leading to severe brittleness of the weld. Appropriate microstructures and phase combination were obtained by PWHT at 1000oC for 2 h, and room-temperature tensile strength reached the value of the base metal after the same thermal cycle.

scholarly journals Influence of Welded Pores on Very Long-Life Fatigue Failure of the Electron Beam Welding Joint of TC17 Titanium Alloy

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulin Liu ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Hanqing Liu ◽  
Yao Chen ◽  
Khan Muhammad Kashif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Fatigue Failure ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Fatigue Cracks ◽  
Failure Behavior ◽  
Long Life

The electron beam welding process is widely used in the connection among titanium alloy material parts of aero-engines. Its mechanical properties need to meet the requirements of long life and high reliability. In this paper, the static strength and the fatigue failure behavior of the electron beam weldments of TC17 titanium alloy were investigated experimentally under low amplitude high frequency (20 kHz), and the mechanical response and failure mechanism under different external loading conditions were analyzed. In summary, the samples were found to have anisotropic microstructure. The tensile strength of the PWHT of TC17 EBW joint was ~4.5% lower than that of the base metal. Meanwhile, compared with the base metal, the fatigue strength was reduced by 45.5% at 109 cycles of fatigue life. The fracture analysis showed that the fatigue failure of the welded joint of TC17 alloy was caused by the welded pores and the fatigue cracks initiated from the welded pores. A fine granular area (FGA) was observed around the crack initiation region. The existence of pores caused the stress intensity factor of the fine granular area (KFGA) to be inversely proportional to the fatigue life. The KFGA calculation formula was modified and the fatigue crack propagation threshold of the welded joint of TC17 alloy was calculated (3.62 MPa·m1/2). Moreover, the influences of the effective size and the relative depth of the pores on the very long fatigue life of the electron beam welded joint of TC17 titanium alloy were discussed.

Fatigue Properties of AF1410 Steel Welded Joint by Electron Beam Welding

2011 ◽  
Vol 287-290 ◽  
pp. 2181-2184
Author(s):  
Bing Wu ◽  
Zhi Yong Mao ◽  
Jian Xun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Fatigue Limit ◽  
Fatigue Test ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Fracture Morphology ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Test Conditions

Fatigue test of AF1410 steel and two thickness of electron beam have been done, and fatigue properties of the base metal and EB-welded joints have been studied. The results showed that fatigue limit of electron beam welded joints was close to that of base metal under this test conditions, and the welded thickness has little effect on S-N curves of electron beam welded samples under this test conditions. From SEM fracture morphology, it can be seen that fracture morphology of the welded samples was not obvious different form base metal. In the instant-off area of electron beam welded sample, there was dimple-like morphology showing good ductility.

scholarly journals Influence of the welding parameters on the weld metal mechanical heterogeneity of EP517 (Fe12Cr2NiMoWVNb) steel and 36NKhTYu (Fe36Ni12Cr3TiAl) alloy dissimilar welded joints

2021 ◽  
Vol 2077 (1) ◽  
pp. 012001
Author(s):  
K T Borodavkina ◽  
E V Terentyev ◽  
A P Sliva ◽  
A Yu Marchenkov ◽  
I E Zhmurko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Weld Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Mechanical Heterogeneity ◽  
Alloy 36Nkhtyu ◽  
Hardness Values

Abstract The article presents the results of assessing the effect of the welding speed and the displacement of the electron beam relative to the joint on the mechanical heterogeneity of the weld metal of dissimilar welded joints of EP517 (Fe12Cr2NiMoWVNb) steel and 36NKhTYu (Fe36Ni12Cr3TiAl) alloy. Aging curves are plotted for the weld metal of welded joints made at electron beam welding (EBW) speeds of 30 m/h and 120 m/h, as well as for the weld metal of the welded joint made at a speed of 30 m/h with various electron beam displacements. An assessment of the change in the mechanical heterogeneity of the weld metal was carried out by the change in the standard deviation of the hardness values, and metallographic studies were also carried out. It was found that a decrease in the EBW speed leads to a decrease in the standard deviation of the results of measuring the hardness of the weld metal after aging from 45 to 14 HV5 or from 18% to 6%. It was also found that an increase in the displacement of the electron beam to alloy 36NKhTYu (Fe36Ni12Cr3TiAl) to 60% leads to an increase in the hardness of the weld metal from 225 to 305 HV5 (by 35%).

Weldability Studies of AISI 409 Ferritic Stainless Steel Thick Plates Using Electron Beam Welding Process

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Akash Doomra ◽  
Beant Singh ◽  
Sandeep Singh Sandhu
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
Impact Toughness ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Post Weld Heat Treatment ◽  
Weld Heat

In the present research, attempts have been made to weld 18 mm thick AISI 409 ferritic steel plate in a single pass with electron beam welding process. The welded joint was investigated for macrostructure, microstructural, microhardness, impact toughness, and tensile strength. The coarse ferritic grains of base metal were converted into fine equiaxed and columnar grains in the weld zone. The microhardness results revealed that for fusion zone and heat affected zone had 28% and 41% higher microhardness than the base metal. Further, post weld heat treatment at 550ºC/75 minutes resulted in 5% rise in ultimate tensile strength, 10% rise in yield strength, and 31% rise in impact toughness as compared to as welded specimens. The fractography of impact and tensile specimens revealed brittle mode of fracture and changed to ductile mode after post weld heat treatment.

Microstructure and mechanical properties of 9Cr-3W-3Co steel welded joints by vacuum electron beam welding

2021 ◽  
pp. 2150192
Author(s):  
Youyi Zhang ◽  
Guoqing Gou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Electron Beam ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Base Metal ◽  
Welded Joints ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Lath Martensite ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Creep Fracture ◽  
Welding Joints

This paper aims to explore the microstructure and mechanical properties of 9Cr-3W-3Co steel welded joints. In the experiment, 9Cr-3W-3Co steel samples were welded by vacuum electron beam welding technology (VEBW) without any metal stuff, and all the welding joints were treated by high-temperature tempering at [Formula: see text]C for 8 h. The microstructure of welding joints was observed by OM, SEM and TEM; and the mechanical properties of welded joints were analyzed by microhardness test, room-temperature tensile, test impact test and high-temperature creep test. As a result, all the 9Cr-3W-3Co steel samples displayed the microstructure status as martensite under the Scheffler-Schneider prediction model, which conformed to the expectation. After high-temperature tempering, the grains of the welding zone were smaller than the base metal and the composition was tempered lath martensite only. Some of the lath martensite bundles even showed the incomplete polygonal transformation. The M[Formula: see text]C6 carbides and MX phase were distributed continuously along with the lath martensite interfaces, which showed a tendency for further aggregation. The microhardness of the weld zone was slightly higher than the base metal (mean of base metal: 240 HV[Formula: see text], mean of weld zone: 273 HV[Formula: see text] and mean of heat affected area: 274 HV[Formula: see text]. There was no softening phenomenon observed, and the welding joints maintaining the high intensity. Other mechanical properties like the tensile strength (mean: 750 MPa), yield strength (mean: 707 MPa) and impact toughness (mean of WM: 25.1 J and HAZ: 23.3 J) were also excellent. When the temperature parameter is constant, the time for creep fracture reduces significantly with the increase of the stress; whereas the time for creep fracture decreases significantly as the temperature increases, while the stress parameter is constant.

A Process Model for Electron Beam Welding with Variable Thickness

2013 ◽  
Vol 762 ◽  
pp. 538-543
Author(s):  
Jiang Lin Huang ◽  
Jean Christophe Gebelin ◽  
Richard Turner ◽  
Roger C. Reed
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Variable Thickness ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welding Process ◽  
Beam Power ◽  
Welding Parameters ◽  
Eb Welding ◽  
Experimental Calibration ◽  
Beam Focusing

A process model for electron beam (EB) welding with a variable thickness weld joint has been developed. Based on theoretical aspects and experimental calibration of electron beam focusing, welding parameters including beam power, focus current, working distance and welding speed were formulated in the heat source model. The model has been applied for the simulation of assembly of components in a gas turbine engine compressor. A series of metallographic weld sections with different welding thickness were investigated to validate the predicted thermal results. The workpieces were scanned both prior to-and after welding, using automated optical metrology (GOM scanning) in order to measure the distortion induced in the welding process. The measured result was compared with predicted displacement. This work demonstrates the attempts to improve the EB welding process modelling by connecting the heat input directly from the actual welding parameters, which could potentially reduce (or even remove) the need for weld bead calibrations from experimental observation.

scholarly journals Electron beam welding of rectangular copper wires applied in electrical drives

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Tóth ◽  
Jonas Hensel ◽  
Sven Thiemer ◽  
Philipp Sieber ◽  
Klaus Dilger
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Oxygen Content ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Fusion Welding ◽  
Eb Welding ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Residual Oxygen ◽  
Ofe Copper

AbstractThe so-called hairpin winding technology, which is specially tailored to electrical traction components, deploys rectangular plug-in copper wires in the stator. The fusion welding of the adjacent wire ends is associated with challenges due to the high thermal conductivity as well as the porosity formation of the copper. During this study, the electron beam (EB) welding of electrolytic tough pitch (ETP) and oxygen-free electronic grade (OFE) copper connectors was investigated. Subsequently, the specimens underwent X-ray computed tomography (CT) and metallographic examinations to characterize the joints. It was discovered that the residual oxygen content of the base material is responsible for the pore formation. With only a very low level of oxygen content in the copper, a porosity- and spatter-free welding can be reproducibly realized using the robust EB welding technology, especially for copper materials. By optimizing the parameters accordingly, joints exhibiting a low level of porosity were achieved even in the case of the alloy containing a high amount of residual oxygen. Beyond this, detailed analyses in terms of pore distribution were carried out and a good correlation between technological parameters and welding results was determined.

scholarly journals Metallurgical and Mechanical Research on Dissimilar Electron Beam Welding of AISI 316L and AISI 4340

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Sufizadeh ◽  
S. A. A. Akbari Mousavi
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Weld Zone ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Beam Current ◽  
Aisi 316L ◽  
Cooling Rates ◽  
Minimum Width ◽  
Optimum Sample ◽  
Aisi 4340

Dissimilar electron beam welding of 316L austenitic stainless steel and AISI 4340 low alloy high strength steel has been studied. Studies are focused on effect of beam current on weld geometry, optical and scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction of the weld microstructures, and heat affected zone. The results showed that the increase of beam current led to increasing depths and widths of the welds. The optimum beam current was 2.8 mA which shows full penetration with minimum width. The cooling rates were calculated for optimum sample by measuring secondary dendrite arm space and the results show that high cooling rates lead to austenitic microstructure. Moreover, the metallography result shows the columnar and equiaxed austenitic microstructures in weld zone. A comparison of HAZ widths depicts the wider HAZ in the 316L side. The tensile tests results showed that the optimum sample fractured from base metal in AISI 316L side with the UTS values is much greater than the other samples. Moreover, the fractography study presents the weld cross sections with dimples resembling ductile fracture. The hardness results showed that the increase of the beam current led to the formation of a wide softening zone as HAZ in AISI 4340 side.

Influence of technological and metallurgical factors on copper welded joint formation in electron beam welding

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
V.M. Nesterenkov ◽  
◽  
L.A. Kravchuk ◽  
M.O. Rusynyk ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Electron Beam Welding ◽  
Welded Joint ◽  
Joint Formation
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