An Evaluation of FIB Cross-Sectioning Using a Cooling Stage for Metals and Alloys with Low Melting Point

2013 ◽  
Vol 753 ◽  
pp. 3-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideki Matsushima ◽  
Toshiaki Suzuki ◽  
Takeshi Nokuo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Melting Point ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cooling Stage ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation

Functions of an observation and an analysis in electron microscope, such as scanning electron microscope (SEM) or transmission electron microscope (TEM) are indispensable to evaluate advanced materials. Therefore a specimen preparation technique, that is a front end of the electron microscopy, has become highly important, thus a choice of it affects a result of the evaluation. The authors was combined a cooling stage in FIB and applied it for evaluation of metals with low melting point. The electron microscopic evaluation of Lead solder, Indium, Tin and Bismuth, metals with low melting point, has been always discussed if the results represent the actual physics. Metals with low melting point are heat sensitive materials, so the comparison of cross-sectioning with room and low temperature, it can be said that low temperature cross-sectioning has less effect and keeps the actual physics of the sample. In this paper, some knowledge from comparisons of cross-sectioning with room and low temperature for metals with low melting point are reported.

scholarly journals Rapid Cross-Section TEM Specimen Preparation of III-V Materials

2003 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Beanland
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Sample Type ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Conventional Methods ◽  
The Cross

AbstractCross-section transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen preparation of Ill-V materials using conventional methods can be a painful and time-consuming activity, with a day or more from receipt of a sample to examination in the TEM being the norm. This article describes the cross-section TEM specimen preparation technique used at Bookham Caswell. The usual time from start to finish is <1 hour. Up to 10 samples can be prepared at once, depending upon sample type. Most of the tools used are widely available and inexpensive, making the technique ideal for use in institutions with limited resources.

Pin-Point Transmission Electron Microscopic Analysis Applied to Off-Leakage Failures of a Bipolar Transistor in 0.5μm BiCMOS Devices

1996 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Okihara ◽  
H. Tanaka ◽  
N. Hirashita ◽  
T. Nakamura ◽  
H. Okada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Bipolar Transistor ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Tem Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Wide Range

Abstract Pin-point (specific area) planar transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis has been improved to study process-induced defects in recent very large scale integrated (VLSI) devices. The specimens are prepared by a combination of marking failure sites with focused ion beam (FTB) equipment and planar TEM specimen preparation technique. This method provides not only planar observation of localized failures with an accurate observation with high positioning accuracy but also wide range of observable area which is feasible to carry out some application techniques associated with TEM. In particular, it is found to be a powerful method to identify the nature of crystalline defects which cause the failures. This work presents the detailed procedure and demonstrates its successful applicability via studying a leaky bipolar transistor in 0.5μm BiCMOS devices (one failure of more than 4500 transistors). The results clarify the presence of stacking faults, formed during epitaxial growth, between collector and emitter regions in the specific transistor with resistive collector-emitter leakage current.

scholarly journals Modified Cryo-Preparation for Studying Salt Glands in the Turf Grass Zoysia matrella

2008 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Sheetal Rao ◽  
Michael W. Pendleton ◽  
Marla L. Binzel ◽  
E. Ann Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Leaf Surface ◽  
Salt Gland ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Salt Glands ◽  
Turf Grass ◽  
Zoysia Matrella ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Salt Secretion

Zoysia, a common turf grass, is characterized by the presence of functional salt glands. These glands are specialized structures through which the plants excrete excess salt. Research on the mechanism of salt secretion in Zoysia matrella (Manila grass) prompted the development of a specimen preparation technique that would preserve the secreted salt and salt gland. Conventional aqueous preparative techniques wash away the secreted salt on the leaf surface. A specimen preparation technique was modified from a simple cryo-preparative technique for examining hydrogels in the transmission electron microscope.

A Reproducible Selective Stain for Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
R. A. Waugh ◽  
J. R. Sommer
Keyword(s):  
Complex System ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscope ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is a complex system of intracellular tubules that, due to their small size and juxtaposition to such electron-dense structures as mitochondria and myofibrils, are often inconspicuous in conventionally prepared electron microscopic material. This study reports a method with which the SR is selectively “stained” which facilitates visualizationwith the transmission electron microscope.

Contrast from epitaxially sandwiched macromolecules

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-227
Author(s):  
M. Talianker ◽  
D.G. Brandon
Keyword(s):  
Gold Film ◽  
Lattice Defect ◽  
Gold Foil ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Resolution Limit ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Crystal Lattice Defect ◽  
Void Effect ◽  
Lattice Resolution

A new specimen preparation technique for visualizing macromolecules by conventional transmission electron microscopy has been developed. In this technique the biopolymer-molecule is embedded in a thin monocrystalline gold foil. Such embedding can be performed in the following way: the biopolymer is deposited on an epitaxially-grown thin single-crystal gold film. The molecule is then occluded by further epitaxial growth. In such an epitaxial sandwich an occluded molecule is expected to behave as a crystal-lattice defect and give rise to contrast in the electron microscope.The resolution of the method should be limited only by the precision with which the epitaxially grown gold reflects the details of the molecular structure and, in favorable cases, can approach the lattice resolution limit.In order to estimate the strength of the contrast due to the void-effect arising from occlusion of the DNA-molecule in a gold crystal some calculations were performed.

The ionic strength dependence of chromatin folding

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-221
Author(s):  
F. Thoma ◽  
TH. Koller
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Preparation Technique ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Ionic Strength Dependence ◽  
Chromatin Folding ◽  
Strength Dependence ◽  
Preparation Techniques

Under a variety of electron microscope specimen preparation techniques different forms of chromatin appearance can be distinguished: beads-on-a-string, a 100 Å nucleofilament, a 250 Å fiber and a compact 300 to 500 Å fiber.Using a standardized specimen preparation technique we wanted to find out whether there is any relation between these different forms of chromatin or not. We show that with increasing ionic strength a chromatin fiber consisting of a row of nucleo- somes progressively folds up into a solenoid-like structure with a diameter of about 300 Å.For the preparation of chromatin for electron microscopy the avoidance of stretching artifacts during adsorption to the carbon supports is of utmost importance. The samples are fixed with 0.1% glutaraldehyde at 4°C for at least 12 hrs. The material was usually examined between 24 and 48 hrs after the onset of fixation.

Electron microscopic assays of restriction endonuclease cutting, exonuclease digestion, and hybridization

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 686-687
Author(s):  
Mark Hannibal ◽  
Jacob Varkey ◽  
Michael Beer
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease ◽  
Double Helix ◽  
Test Material ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Exonuclease Iii ◽  
Dna Molecule ◽  
Linear Molecules ◽  
Exonuclease Digestion

Workman and Langmore have recently proposed a procedure for isolating particular chromatin fragments. The method requires restriction endonuclease cutting of the chromatin and a probe, their digestion with two exonucleases which leave complimentary single strand termini and low temperature hybridization of these. We here report simple electron microscopic monitoring of the four reactions involved.Our test material was ϕX-174 RF DNA which is cut once by restriction endonuclease Xho I. The conversion of circles to linear molecules was followed in Kleinschmidt spreads. Plate I shows a circular and a linear DNA molecule. The rate of cutting is shown in Figure 1.After completion of the endonuclease cutting, one portion of the DNA was treated with exonuclease III, an enzyme known to digest the 3' terminals of double helical DNA. Aliquots when examined in the electron microscope reveal a decreasing length of double helix and increasing bushes at the ends.

200kv superconducting cryo electron microscope

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 642-643
Author(s):  
M. Iwatsuki ◽  
Y. Kokubo ◽  
Y. Harada ◽  
J. Lehman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Structure Analysis ◽  
Organic Materials ◽  
Strong Interactions ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Great Effort ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Crystal Fields ◽  
Special Skill ◽  
Long Time

In recent years, the electron microscope has been significantly improved in resolution and we can obtain routinely atomic-level high resolution images without any special skill. With this improvement, the structure analysis of organic materials has become one of the interesting targets in the biological and polymer crystal fields.Up to now, X-ray structure analysis has been mainly used for such materials. With this method, however, great effort and a long time are required for specimen preparation because of the need for larger crystals. This method can analyze average crystal structure but is insufficient for interpreting it on the atomic or molecular level. The electron microscopic method for organic materials has not only the advantage of specimen preparation but also the capability of providing various information from extremely small specimen regions, using strong interactions between electrons and the substance. On the other hand, however, this strong interaction has a big disadvantage in high radiation damage.

TEM comparison of osmium vs osmium with potassium ferricyanide secondary fixatives and the impact of secondary fixative temperature on tissue preservation/contrast quality

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 910-911
Author(s):  
J. W. Horn ◽  
B. J. Dovey-Hartman ◽  
V. P. Meador
Keyword(s):  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
Potassium Ferricyanide ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Microscopic Evaluation ◽  
Cacodylate Buffer ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopic ◽  
Glutaraldehyde Solution ◽  
Temperature Impact ◽  
The Impact

Osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is a universally used secondary fixative for routine transmission electron microscopic evaluation of biological specimens. Use of OsO4 results in good ultrastructural preservation and electron density but several factors, such as concentration, length of exposure, and temperature, impact overall results. Potassium ferricyanide, an additive used primarily in combination with OsO4, has mainly been used to enhance the contrast of lipids, glycogen, cell membranes, and membranous organelles. The purpose of this project was to compare the secondary fixative solutions, OsO4 vs. OsO4 with potassium ferricyanide, and secondary fixative temperature for determining which combination gives optimal ultrastructural fixation and enhanced organelle staining/contrast.Fresh rat liver samples were diced to ∼1 mm3 blocks, placed into porous processing capsules/baskets, preserved in buffered 2% formaldehyde/2.5% glutaraldehyde solution, and rinsed with 0.12 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.2). Tissue processing capsules were separated (3 capsules/secondary fixative.solution) and secondarily fixed (table) for 90 minutes. Tissues were buffer rinsed, dehydrated with ascending concentrations of ethanol solutions, infiltrated, and embedded in epoxy resin.

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