Preparation and Properties of Cotton Fiber/Poly(lactic acid) Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 789 ◽  
pp. 100-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Qian ◽  
Min Min Yu ◽  
Zhao Ge ◽  
Ming Jie Xu ◽  
Hui Hui Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Coupling Agent ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Interface Morphology

In order to improve the mechanical properties of poly (lactic acid) (PLA), cotton fiber/PLA composites were prepared by melting compounding and injection molding. The effects of cotton fiber content and coupling agent on mechanical properties, crystalline behavior and interface morphology of the composites were studied by universal testing machine, DSC and SEM, respectively. The results showed that the crystallinity of the composites increased gradually with the increase of cotton fiber content, whereas the mechanical properties of the composites increased firstly and then decreased with further addition of cotter fiber. The composite with 20wt% cotton fiber had an optimal mechanical performance. In addition, with the incorporation of 1wt% coupling agent, the interfacial adhesion between cotton fiber and PLA improved obviously, and the mechanical properties of the composites increased accordingly. Compared with the neat PLA, the tensile strength, flexural strength, flexural modulus and impact strength of the resultant composites were increased by 66.0%, 27.4%, 45.8% and 60.4%, respectively.

Mechanical properties of wood flour/poly (lactic acid) composites coupled with waterborne silane-polyacrylate copolymer emulsion

Holzforschung ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 439-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ru Liu ◽  
Shupin Luo ◽  
Jinzhen Cao ◽  
Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Wood Flour ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Coupling Agents ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Effective Coupling ◽  
Methacryloxypropyl Trimethoxysilane

Abstract Wood flour/polylactic acid (WF/PLA) composites were produced with a WF content of 50% based on three types of waterborne polyacrylate (PA) emulsions including a PA homopolymer emulsion and two types of silane-PA copolymer emulsions as coupling agents. Two silanes were in focus, namely, γ-methacryloxypropyl- trimethoxysilane (silane-1) and vinyltrimethoxysilane (silane-2). The emulsions and the modified WFs were characterized, and the effects were investigated in terms of emulsion type and their loading levels on the mechanical properties of WF/PLA composites. (1) Both types of silanes could be successfully copolymerized with PA to form stable emulsions. (2) With increasing PA loading, the mechanical properties (except for flexural modulus) of the composites increased at first before reaching the maximum values at 4% PA loading and then the properties worsened. However, these values were larger than those of pure composites, especially in cases when PA-silane emulsions were applied. (3) PA modified with silane-1 showed the best coupling effect among all the three PA emulsions. The results can be interpreted that PA emulsions are effective coupling agents for the preparation of high-performance WPCs.

Eco-efficiency of poly (lactic acid)-Starch-Cotton composite with high natural cotton fiber content: Environmental and functional value

2019 ◽  
Vol 217 ◽  
pp. 32-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sueli Aparecida de Oliveira ◽  
José Ricardo Nunes de Macedo ◽  
Derval dos Santos Rosa
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cotton Fiber ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Functional Value

Effect of various enzymatic treatments on the mechanical properties of coir fiber/poly(lactic acid) biocomposites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571986461
Author(s):  
Kubra Coskun ◽  
Aysenur Mutlu ◽  
Mehmet Dogan ◽  
Ebru Bozacı
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Coir Fiber ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Remarkable Effect ◽  
The Impact

The effects of enzymatic treatments on the properties of coir fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) (PLA) were not found in the literature. Accordingly, the effects of various enzymatic treatments on the mechanical performance of the coir fiber-reinforced PLA composites were investigated in the current study. Four different enzymes, namely lipase, lactase, pectinase, and cellulase, were used. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined by the tensile, flexural, impact tests, and dynamic mechanical analysis. According to the test results, the use of enzyme treated coir fibers affected the mechanical properties except for the flexural properties with different extents depending upon their type. The tensile strength increased with the treatments of lipase and lactase, while the treatments with pectinase and cellulase had no remarkable effect. The impact strength was improved with enzymatic treatments except for pectinase. All enzymatic treatments improved the elastic modulus below the glass transition temperature. In brief, enzymatic treatments improved the interfacial adhesion between coir fiber and PLA via the waxes and fatty acids removal and/or the increment in surface roughness.

Poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene and compatibilized poly(lactic acid)/polypropylene blends prepared by a vane extruder: analysis of the mechanical properties, morphology and thermal behavior

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
pp. 753-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong-yuan Chen ◽  
Wei Zou ◽  
Hai-chen Zhang ◽  
Gui-zhen Zhang ◽  
Zhi-tao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Weight Fraction ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Crystallization Property ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Pp Blends

Abstract Poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/polypropylene (PP) blends with different weight fractions were prepared by a novel vane extruder. The mechanical properties, morphology, crystallization behavior and thermal stability of the blends were investigated. The tensile strength, flexural strength and elongation at break decreased nonlinearly when the PP content was not more than 50 wt% and then increased with an increase in the PP content. The flexural modulus decreased with increasing PP weight fraction. The PLA/PP 90:10 blend exhibited the optimum impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy measurements revealed that the PLA/PP blends were immiscible. Phase separation occurred significantly at a blend ratio of 50:50. Regarding the PLA/PP 90:10 blend, the mean diameter of the disperse-phase PP particles was the smallest at 1.11 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements showed that low content of PP enhanced the crystallization of PLA. The PLA component in the blends impeded the crystallization of PP when PP was used as the matrix. The thermogravimetric analysis measurement involved a two-step decomposition process of the blends. The thermal resistance of the blends was improved by compounding with PP. As compatibilizers, both the maleic anhydride-grafted PP and the ethylene/n-butyl acrylate/glycidyl methacrylate terpolymer helped improve the mechanical properties, crystallization property and thermal resistance of the PLA/PP blends.

scholarly journals Effect of a Novel Flame Retardant on the Mechanical, Thermal and Combustion Properties of Poly(Lactic Acid)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2407
Author(s):  
Mingjun Niu ◽  
Zhongzhou Zhang ◽  
Zizhen Wei ◽  
Wanjie Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Limiting Oxygen Index ◽  
Biobased Materials ◽  
Cone Calorimeter Test ◽  
Combustion Properties ◽  
Ul 94

Poly(lactic) acid (PLA) is one of the most promising biobased materials, but its inherent flammability limits its applications. A novel flame retardant hexa-(DOPO-hydroxymethylphenoxy-dihydroxybiphenyl)-cyclotriphosphazene (HABP-DOPO) for PLA was prepared by bonding 9,10-dihydro-9-oxy-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) to cyclotriphosphazene. The morphologies, mechanical properties, thermal stability and burning behaviors of PLA/HABP-DOPO blends were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a universal mechanical testing machine, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), limiting oxygen index (LOI), vertical burning (UL-94) and a cone calorimeter test (CCT). The LOI value reached 28.5% and UL-94 could pass V-0 for the PLA blend containing 25 wt% HABP-DOPO. A significant improvement in fire retardant performance was observed for PLA/HABP-DOPO blends. PLA/HABP-DOPO blends exhibited balanced mechanical properties. The flame retardant mechanism of PLA/HABP-DOPO blends was evaluated.

The effects of wettability, shear strength, and Weibull characteristics of fiber-reinforced poly(lactic acid) composites

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 489-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
John O. Akindoyo ◽  
Mohammad Dalour Hossen Beg ◽  
Suriati Ghazali ◽  
Muhammad Remanul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Dimethyl Siloxane ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The wettability, interfacial shear strength (IFSS), and Weibull characteristics of oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) fibers were studied to evaluate the mechanical properties of EFB- and poly(lactic acid) (PLA)-based composites. The fiber surface was modified through ultrasound and poly(dimethyl siloxane) treatment. The effects of treatment on the morphology, wettability, and structure of fibers were examined by scanning electron microscopy, contact angle, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, respectively. In addition, the Weibull characteristic was used to find the variability in strength of the fibers with respect to surface treatment. Furthermore, the IFSS of EFB fiber-PLA sandwich was investigated through single-fiber pull-out test, using a less strenuous technique. The mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, flexural strength, and flexural modulus) of the composites were determined through mechanical testing. A comparison was drawn among the properties of PLA, raw EFB fiber-based composites, and treated EFB fiber-based composites. Additionally, the inter- and intra-relationship of fiber treatment, wettability, and IFSS with the mechanical properties of the PLA/EFB composites were also accounted.

Thermomechanical Study and Thermal Behavior of Plasticized Poly(Lactic Acid) Nanocomposites

2021 ◽  
Vol 317 ◽  
pp. 333-340
Author(s):  
Mohammed Zorah ◽  
Izan Roshawaty Mustapa ◽  
Norlinda Daud ◽  
Nahida Jumah ◽  
Nur Ain Syafiqah Sudin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Thermal Behavior ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Solvent Casting ◽  
Thermal And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Hot Press

Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is a useful alternative to petrochemical commodity material used in such as in food packaging industries. Due to its inherent brittleness, low thermal stability, and poor crystallization, it needs to improve its properties, namely in terms of thermal and mechanical performance. The plasticized PLA composites reinforced with nanofiller were prepared by solvent casting and hot press methods. Thermal and mechanical properties, as well as the crystallinity study of these nanocomposites, were investigated to study the effect of tributyl citrate (TBC) and TiO2 on the PLA composites. The addition of TBC improved the flexibility and crystallinity of the composites. Reinforcement of TiO2 was found as a practical approach to improve the mechanical properties, thermal stability, and enhanced crystalline ability for plasticized PLA nanocomposites. Based on the results achieved in this study, the composite with 3.5% nanofiller (pPLATi3.5) presented the optimum set of mechanical properties and improved thermal stability.

Improving mechanical properties of ramie/poly (lactic acid) composites by synergistic effect of fabric cyclic loading and alkali treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 390-407 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxia Yang ◽  
Luping Zhu ◽  
Zhuo Yang ◽  
Lan Yao ◽  
Yiping Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Cyclic Loading ◽  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Interfacial Adhesion ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Orientation Factor

Natural cellulose fiber reinforced biopolymer composites have attracted increasing attention due to environmental concerns. However, these fibers have relatively low mechanical properties and poor interfacial adhesion with matrices, limiting their composite mechanical properties. This study investigates the synergistic effect of two recently developed techniques to maximize the mechanical performance of ramie/poly (lactic acid) laminated composites, namely alkali treatment to loosen fiber molecular structure and to increase fiber surface roughness and subsequent cyclic loading treatment to fabrics to increase their tensile strength and modulus. The results show that the treated fabrics have increased crystallinity and crystal orientation factor as well as better orientation of fibers and more uniform structures, leading to 11% improvement in fabric tensile strength and 57% enhancement of tensile strength (90.9 MPa), 48% higher tensile modulus (5.6 GPa), 18% higher flexural strength (149.4 MPa), and 91% higher flexural modulus (8.2 GPa) for the corresponding composites. Meanwhile, postmortem analysis shows that better interfacial adhesion is achieved using this approach.

Studies on Processing Rheological and Mechanical Properties of Poly(lactic acid)/Sesbania Gum/Nano-silica Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 395-404
Author(s):  
Qing Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Bending Tests ◽  
Sesbania Gum

Processing rheological properties of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/sesbania gum (SG)/nano-silica composites were investigated with a torque rheometer, and mechanical properties were researched by a universal testing machine and a cantilever-beam impact testing machine. Effects of SG content, nano-silica content, the types of plasticisers, the plasticiser content and the rotor speed of a torque rheometer on the properties of composites were discussed. The results indicated that polyethylene glycol (PEG)20000 exhibited the best plasticising effect on the composites, and at the same time, did not increase energy consumption of the systems compared with other four plasticisers. As for the aspect of processing rheological properties, the optimum formulation for PLA/SG/ nano-SiO2/PEG20000 composites was: 100 parts of PLA, 8 parts of SG, 2 parts of nano-SiO2, and 5–10 parts of PEG20000. Comparing with unmodified PLA, the comprehensive mechanical properties of the composites improved greatly, based on the results of the tensile, impact and bending tests.

Properties of poly(lactic acid)/durian husk fiber biocomposites: Effects of fiber content and processing aid

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 1518-1532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Man Chee Lee ◽  
Seong Chun Koay ◽  
Ming Yeng Chan ◽  
Hui Leng Choo ◽  
Ming Meng Pang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Fiber Content ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
High Fiber ◽  
Negative Effect

Biocomposites are sustainable composite materials that, owing to their many benefits, have attracted interest of industry. In the present research, the durian husk fiber (DHF) was used as natural fiber in poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites. This study focused on the effects of fiber and processing aid content on the processing torque, tensile, thermal, and morphological properties of PLA/DHF biocomposites. The biocomposites with high fiber content have strength and modulus that are suitable for nonstructural application. The processing aid used was Ultra-Plast XP519. The addition of Ultra-Plast XP519 significantly improved the processing by lowering the torque, but it brought negative effect on mechanical properties.

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