Thermal Laser Separation – A Novel Dicing Technology Fulfilling the Demands of Volume Manufacturing of 4H-SiC Devices

2015 ◽  
Vol 821-823 ◽  
pp. 528-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Lewke ◽  
Karl Otto Dohnke ◽  
Hans Ulrich Zühlke ◽  
Mercedes Cerezuela Barret ◽  
Martin Schellenberger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Tool Wear ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Laser Separation

One challenge for volume manufacturing of 4H-SiC devices is the state-of-the-art wafer dicing technology – the mechanical blade dicing which suffers from high tool wear and low feed rates. In this paper we discuss Thermal Laser Separation (TLS) as a novel dicing technology for large scale production of SiC devices. We compare the latest TLS experimental data resulting from fully processed 4H-SiC wafers with results obtained by mechanical dicing technology. Especially typical product relevant features like process control monitoring (PCM) structures and backside metallization, quality of diced SiC-devices as well as productivity are considered. It could be shown that with feed rates up to two orders of magnitude higher than state-of-the-art, no tool wear and high quality of diced chips, TLS has a very promising potential to fulfill the demands of volume manufacturing of 4H-SiC devices.

Large-scale production of high-quality reduced graphene oxide

2013 ◽  
Vol 233 ◽  
pp. 297-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shichoon Lee ◽  
Sung Hun Eom ◽  
Jin Suk Chung ◽  
Seung Hyun Hur
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Reduced Graphene

scholarly journals Influência da vernalização de semente na produção, crescimento e desenvolvimento de plantas de lisianthus

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 2325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yumbla-Orbes ◽  
José Geraldo Barbosa ◽  
Wagner Campos Otoni ◽  
Marcel Santos Montezano ◽  
José Antônio Saraiva Grossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Cut Flower ◽  
Cut Flowers ◽  
Flower Production ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
And Control

Flowering induction and control is a limiting factor when commercially producing cut flowers of lisianthus and seed exposure to low temperatures, a physiological event called vernalization, induces the differentiation of vegetative buds to reproductive buds, contributing to a flowering that is uniform and has quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of seed vernalization in three cultivars of lisianthus (Excalibur, Echo and Mariachi) for 12, 24, 36 and 48 days at temperatures of 5, 10 and 15°C, in the production and quality of buds, making this technology feasible to large-scale production. During cultivation it was observed that the lower the temperature and higher the vernalization period, the lower the cycle and the greater the number of plants induced to flowering for all three cultivars, and those are important features in the context of flower production in a commercial scale. The seeds subjected to vernalization originated plants that produce flower stems within the standards required by the market, showing that vernalization was efficient to induce flowering without affecting the quality of the buds. To produce lisianthus as a cut flower of quality, it is recommended seed vernalization of Mariachi and Echo cultivars for 24 days at 5°C and Excalibur for 36 days at 5°C.

scholarly journals Extensive Screening of Green Solvents for Safe and Sustainable UiO-66 Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Morelli Venturi ◽  
Filippo Campana ◽  
Fabio Marmottini ◽  
Ferdinando Costantino ◽  
Luigi Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Color Code ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic

<p>Zirconium based Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 is to date considered one of the benchmark compound among stable MOFs and it has attracted a huge attention for its employment in many strategic applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green chemistry principles and able to replace the use of <i>N,N</i>-Dimethyl-Formamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity, is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66 of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different solvents with different polarity, boiling point and acidity, used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals. The solvents were chosen according the European REACH Regulation 1907/2006 among those having low cost, low toxicity and fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the degree are the crystallinity, microporosity and specific surface area, yield and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis. Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators and the use of alternative Zr-salts have been also taken into consideration. Preliminary results lead to conclude that GVL (γ-valerolactone) is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF synthesis. </p>

scholarly journals Extensive Screening of Green Solvents for Safe and Sustainable UiO-66 Synthesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diletta Morelli Venturi ◽  
Filippo Campana ◽  
Fabio Marmottini ◽  
Ferdinando Costantino ◽  
Luigi Vaccaro
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Dimethyl Formamide ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Color Code ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Metal Organic

<p>Zirconium based Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66 is to date considered one of the benchmark compound among stable MOFs and it has attracted a huge attention for its employment in many strategic applications. Large scale production of UiO-66 for industrial purposes requires the use of safe and green solvents, fulfilling the green chemistry principles and able to replace the use of <i>N,N</i>-Dimethyl-Formamide (DMF), which, despite its toxicity, is still considered the most efficient solvent for obtaining UiO-66 of high quality. Herein we report on a survey of about 40 different solvents with different polarity, boiling point and acidity, used for the laboratory scale synthesis of high quality UiO-66 crystals. The solvents were chosen according the European REACH Regulation 1907/2006 among those having low cost, low toxicity and fully biodegradable. Concerning MOF synthesis, the relevant parameters chosen for establishing the quality of the results obtained are the degree are the crystallinity, microporosity and specific surface area, yield and solvent recyclability. Taking into account also the chemical physical properties of all the solvents, a color code was assigned in order to give a final green assessment for the UiO-66 synthesis. Defectivity of the obtained products, the use of acidic modulators and the use of alternative Zr-salts have been also taken into consideration. Preliminary results lead to conclude that GVL (γ-valerolactone) is among the most promising solvents for replacing DMF in UiO-66 MOF synthesis. </p>

scholarly journals Smoking control: challenges and achievements

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 290-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Carlos Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Alberto José de Araújo ◽  
Ângela Maria Dias de Queiroz ◽  
Maria da Penha Uchoa Sales ◽  
Maria Vera Cruz de Oliveira Castellano
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Care Policies ◽  
Promising Area ◽  
Health Care Policies ◽  
Smoking Control

ABSTRACT Smoking is the most preventable and controllable health risk. Therefore, all health care professionals should give their utmost attention to and be more focused on the problem of smoking. Tobacco is a highly profitable product, because of its large-scale production and great number of consumers. Smoking control policies and treatment resources for smoking cessation have advanced in recent years, showing highly satisfactory results, particularly in Brazil. However, there is yet a long way to go before smoking can be considered a controlled disease from a public health standpoint. We can already perceive that the behavior of our society regarding smoking is changing, albeit slowly. Therefore, pulmonologists have a very promising area in which to work with their patients and the general population. We must act with greater impetus in support of health care policies and social living standards that directly contribute to improving health and quality of life. In this respect, pulmonologists can play a greater role as they get more involved in treating smokers, strengthening anti-smoking laws, and demanding health care policies related to lung diseases.

Polycultural System of Freshwater Fish in China

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Hao-Ren
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Fish Culture ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Conventional Agriculture ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Major Development ◽  
Lh Rh

China is a country in which fish culture is closely integrated with conventional agriculture. Its success depends on the firm base of traditional practices as well as the introduction of many innovations. Among them, polyculture is probably the most important reason for fish culture's success. The major advantage of polyculture is to utilize fully the space and food available in the pond and to optimize interactions between compatible species with different feeding habits and ecology. The different types of polycultural pond stocking are adapted in accordance with (1) the climate, (2) quality of water supply and fertility of pond, (3) availability of fish fry and fingerlings, (4) availability of food and fertilizer, and (5) market requirements. The artificial propagation of cultured fishes and large-scale production of fry and fingerlings are the major development of Chinese fish culture in recent years. The application of LH–RH analogue as a new highly effective ovulating agent for fish reproduction has been carried furthest in China.Key words: China, fish polyculture, Chinese carp, induced spawning, LH–RH analogue, fry, fingerling, fish production

scholarly journals GROWING OF VIRUS-FREE POTATO SEED TUBERS IN THE AEROPONIC PLANT

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (35) ◽  
pp. 791-799
Author(s):  
Rafael ISMAGILOV ◽  
Ilgiz ASYLBAEV ◽  
Nuriya URAZBAKHTINA ◽  
Denis ANDRIYANOV ◽  
Firdavis AVSAKHOV
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Potato Seed ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Large Scale Production

Throughout the world, potatoes, as a food crop, are very important. One of the main reasons for the poor quality of planting material, yield and potatoes themselves are viral infections. The use of virus-free seed material is one of the high-potential ways to increase the yield and efficiency of potato production. Aeroponics is a promising direction in obtaining a virus-protected crop. This study aimed to assess the potential and improve the technology for growing healthy mini-tubers of potatoes using the aeroponic method, which is a safe and economical method. Compared to the usual method of growing crops, aeroponics assumes lower water and energy costs per unit of production, as well as excludes soil diseases of the plant and does not allow damage to the tuber caused by pests. For growing different varieties of crops in different regions, artificial conditions such as additional lighting in greenhouses can be easily provided. In this study, economic calculations have shown that, from a practical point of view, Aeroponics technology may be appropriate for large-scale production of seed potatoes.

scholarly journals Conservation of Mineral Elements in Maize Grains by a Triple Bagging System and Biopesticide (Lippia multiflora Moldenke and Hyptis suaveolens Poit Leaves).

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gnande Romaric Die ◽  
Kouamé Olivier Chatigre ◽  
Ibrahim Fofana ◽  
N’guessan Verdier Abouo ◽  
Godi Henri Marius Biego
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Lippia Multiflora ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Hyptis Suaveolens ◽  
Storage Methods ◽  
Central Composite

Maize (Zea mays) is a staple food in the traditional diet of rural populations in Côte d'Ivoire. It is a source of many minerals. However, inefficient and sometimes harmful storage methods hamper its large-scale production in Côte d'Ivoire. It is in this context that a triple bagging system associated or not with biopesticides of plant origin (Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens leaves) was proposed in this study to evaluate its efficacy on the conservation of mineral quality of grains over an 18-month period following a 3-factor central composite design (CCD). The first CCD factor consisted of 6 observation periods: 0; 1; 4.5; 9.5; 14.5 and 18 months. The second factor, the type of treatment, included 1 control lot with a polypropylene bag (TB0SP) and 9 experimental lots including 1 lot in triple bagging without biopesticides (TB0P) and the remaining 8 lots containing variable proportions and/or combinations of biopesticides (TB1 to TB8). And finally, the third factor was the combination of the two biopesticides with % Lippia multiflora as a reference. The results indicate that the shelf life, ratio and combination of biopesticides significantly (P < 0.05) influence the mineral quality of grain maize. Principal component analysis revealed that the addition of at least 1.01% biopesticides (leaves of Lippia multiflora and Hyptis suaveolens) in triple bagging systems improves preservation efficiency and preserves the mineral quality of the grain over a period of 15 months as opposed to triple bagging without biopesticides where the mineral elements are preserved during the first 10 months of storage. However, this preservation of mineral quality is more pronounced in these storage systems with combinations of biopesticides (of which the proportion is greater than or equal to 3.99%) or with 2.5 % of individual biopesticides.

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