Development and Characterization of 15Cr-5Ni-1W Martensitic Precipitation Hardening Stainless Steel for Aerospace Applications

2015 ◽  
Vol 830-831 ◽  
pp. 15-18
Author(s):  
V. Anil Kumar ◽  
M.K. Karthikeyan ◽  
Rohit Kumar Gupta ◽  
M. Amruth ◽  
P. Ram Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Strength And Ductility

15Cr-5Ni-1W precipitation hardening (PH) stainless steel is a martensitic PH stainless steel finding extensive use in semi-cryo engine applications. The alloy was developed through Vacuum Induction Melting (VIM) + Electro slag refining (ESR) under argon cover route. The alloy contains heavy elements like Mo, Nb, V and W totalling ~ 2 % by weight. Since the alloy is martensitic, stringent gas levels were also specified. Hence it was a challenging task to realise it without any segregation and stringent gas levels. The alloy was successfully melted through two different melt routes – (C). Electric Arc melting followed by Vacuum Oxygen decarburization (VOD) - vacuum degassing (VD) followed by secondary melting by ESR and also by melt route (V) vacuum induction melting (VIM) + ESR route. It was then forged into bars, rods and rings. The samples from the alloy were subjected to two different heat treatment cycles. Both the heat treatment cycles involved hardening at 1000°C for 2 hrs followed by air cooling to room temperature. In one of the cycle, sub-zero heat treatment at-70 °C was done prior to tempering while in the other cycle; direct tempering was carried out after hardening operation. Tempering was carried out at 2 different temperatures of 490 and 500 °C to achieve the specified mechanical properties. It was found that the alloy could meet the specified strength and ductility with both the heat treatment cycles mentioned above. However samples subjected to subzero heat treatment showed marginally higher strength with slight compromise in ductility. The alloy also exhibited similar impact toughness in both the heat treatment conditions. Delta ferrite was also found to be within 2% for both the heat treatment cycles employed in this study. The alloy also exhibited excellent strength and ductility at elevated temperature of 500 °C with just 25% reduction in yield strength compared to room temperature yield strength without much change in ductility.

scholarly journals Simultaneous Improvement of Yield Strength and Ductility at Cryogenic Temperature by Gradient Structure in 304 Stainless Steel

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1856
Author(s):  
Shuang Qin ◽  
Muxin Yang ◽  
Fuping Yuan ◽  
Xiaolei Wu
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Martensitic Transformation ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
304 Stainless Steel ◽  
Central Layer ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The tensile properties and the corresponding deformation mechanism of the graded 304 stainless steel (ss) at both room and cryogenic temperatures were investigated and compared with those of the coarse-grained (CGed) 304 ss. Gradient structures were found to have excellent synergy of strength and ductility at room temperature, and both the yield strength and the uniform elongation were found to be simultaneously improved at cryogenic temperature in the gradient structures, as compared to those for the CG sample. The hetero-deformation-induced (HDI) hardening was found to play a more important role in the gradient structures as compared to the CG sample and be more obvious at cryogenic temperature as compared to that at room temperature. The central layer in the gradient structures provides stronger strain hardening during tensile deformation at both temperatures, due to more volume fraction of martensitic transformation. The volume fraction of martensitic transformation in the gradient structures was found to be much higher at cryogenic temperature, resulting in a much stronger strain hardening at cryogenic temperature. The amount of martensitic transformation at the central layer of the gradient structures is observed to be even higher than that for the CG sample at cryogenic temperature, which is one of the origins for the simultaneous improvement of strength and ductility by the gradient structures at cryogenic temperature.

LESCALLOY 15-5 VAC-ARC

Alloy Digest ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 40 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Gas Content ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Steel Company ◽  
Delta Ferrite ◽  
Clean Steel ◽  
Vacuum Arc Remelting

Abstract LESCALLOY 15-5 VAC-ARC is a precipitation hardening martensitic stainless steel with minimal delta ferrite. Vacuum arc remelting in the production of the alloy provides a low gas content, clean steel with optimum transverse properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-522. Producer or source: Latrobe Steel Company.

VASCOMAX T-300

Alloy Digest ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 39 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Vacuum Arc ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Vacuum Arc Remelting ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract VASCOMAX T-300 is an 18% nickel maraging steel in which titanium is the primary strengthening agent. It develops a tensile strength of about 300,000 psi with simple heat treatment. The alloy is produced by Vacuum Induction Melting/Vacuum Arc Remelting. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on high temperature performance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SA-454. Producer or source: Teledyne Vasco.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perlakuan Panas Quenching dan Tempering terhadap Laju Korosi pada Baja AISI 420

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Sotya Anggoro
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Corrosion Resistant ◽  
A Value ◽  
Aisi 420 ◽  
Quenching Process ◽  
Cooling Media

<p>Corrosion occurs in almost all metals. Even corrosion-resistant metals are corroded, but their corrosion rate is different from ordinary or non-corrosion resistant metals. This study examines the corrosion rate that occurs in stainless steel that is stainless steel. Stainless steel contains high enough chromium levels that can reduce the rate of corrosion that occurs. The metal material to be studied is the AISI 420 steel, which belongs to the Martensitic Stainless Steel class. This study examined the effect of heat treatment on corrosion rate and hardness level of AISI 420 steel. The heat treatment carried out was Quenching at 1020<sup>o</sup>C with a holding time of 60minutes with an oil cooling medium. After quenching the subsequent heat treatment is tempering with temperature variations of temperature 200<sup>o</sup>C and 300<sup>o</sup>C with a resistance time of 45 minutes and air cooling media. The results of this study showed that the base material specimens had the highest corrosion rate of 0.569 mm/y. The lowest corrosion rate is in specimens with quenching process with a value of 0.267 mm/y. The highest Vickers hardness values were found in specimens with quenching process with a value of 551 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>. The lowest hardness value is in the specimen with tempering process at 300<sup>o</sup>C with 405 kg/mm<sup>2</sup>.</p>

Influences of Solution Temperatures on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of near α Titanium Alloy

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 89-95
Author(s):  
Chao Tan ◽  
Zi Yong Chen ◽  
Zhi Lei Xiang ◽  
Xiao Zhao Ma ◽  
Zi An Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Vacuum Induction Melting ◽  
Induction Melting ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Α Phase ◽  
New Type

A new type of Ti-Al-Sn-Zr-Mo-Si series high temperature titanium alloy was prepared by a water-cooled copper crucible vacuum induction melting method, and its phase transition point was determined by differential thermal analysis to be Tβ = 1017 °C. The influences of solution temperature on the microstructures and mechanical properties of the as-forged high temperature titanium alloy were studied. XRD results illustrated that the phase composition of the alloy after different heat treatments was mainly α phase and β phase. The microstructures showed that with the increase of the solution temperature, the content of the primary α phase gradually reduced, the β transformation structure increased by degrees, then, the number and size of secondary α phase increased obviously. The tensile results at room temperature (RT) illustrated that as the solution temperature increased, the strength of the alloy gradually increased, and the plasticity decreased slightly. The results of tensile test at 650 °C illustrated that the strength of the alloy enhanced with the increase of solution temperature, the plasticity decreased first and then increased, when the solution temperature increased to 1000 °C, the alloy had the best comprehensive mechanical properties, the tensile strength reached 714.01 MPa and the elongation was 8.48 %. Based on the room temperature and high temperature properties of the alloy, the best heat treatment process is finally determined as: 1000 °C/1 h/AC+650 °C/6 h/AC.

The Strength and Ductility of Intermetallic Compounds: Grain Size Effects

1986 ◽  
Vol 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.M. Schulson ◽  
I. Baker ◽  
H.J. Frost
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Intermetallic Compounds ◽  
Size Effects ◽  
Nickel Aluminide ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Strength And Ductility

Since writing on this subject two years ago [1], a number of developments have occurred, particularly in relation to the mechanical properties of the L12 nickel aluminide Ni3Al. Some elucidate the nature of the yield strength and the extraordinarily beneficial effect of boron on low-temperature ductility. Some others expose, at least in part, the nature of the marked reduction in ductility at elevated temperatures. Another considers the mechanisms dominating creep deformation. Also during this period, contradictions have appeared: the relationship between the yield strength and the grain size, d, at room temperature has been contested, and opposing views of grain refinement on ductility have been reported.This paper reviews these developments. Although broadly directed at intermetallic compounds, the discussion is specific to Ni3Al. The hope is that the knowledge and understanding gained about this compound will benefit the class as a whole.

scholarly journals Precipitation hardening stainless steel produced by powder bed fusion: influence of positioning and heat treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 ◽  
pp. 541-558 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacopo De Nisi ◽  
Fabio Pozzi ◽  
Paolo Folgarait ◽  
Gabriele Ceselin ◽  
Mirco Ronci
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
Powder Bed Fusion ◽  
Powder Bed

Effects of Aged Conditions on the Fracture Surface Fractal Dimension and Mechanical Behavior of an Austenitic Stainless Steel

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (S2) ◽  
pp. 768-769
Author(s):  
O. A. Hilders ◽  
A. Quintero ◽  
L. Berrio ◽  
R. Caballero ◽  
L. Sáenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Fractal Dimension ◽  
Fractal Geometry ◽  
Fracture Behavior ◽  
Main Part ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Fracture Topography ◽  
Type Stainless Steel ◽  
Strength And Ductility

There have been several attempts to find a relation between the fractal morphology of the fracture surfaces and the mechanical properties of engineering materials., although the current resuls are inconclusive. If there are correlations between the fractal dimension and such properties, this parameter could be very useful to predict them and to improve the resistance to fracture. The main part of the investigations concerned with the fractal geometry and fracture behavior concentrate on the relations between roughness and fracture toughness . In the present work, the effects of thermal aging at 850°C on the fracture topography developed during the rupture in tension at room temperature of a 304 type stainless steel and their relation with the strength and ductility, were studied using the fractal geometry approach.

Effect of Forging Temperature on Microstructure and Tensile Properties in Fe3Al-Based Alloy

1994 ◽  
Vol 364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yang ◽  
W. Yan ◽  
J. N. Liu ◽  
S. Hanada
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Deformation ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Local Plastic Deformation ◽  
Strength And Ductility

AbstractForging processes at two different temperatures are performed to examine the relation between the microstructure and room temperature tensile properties in a Ce doped Fe3Al-based alloy. Results show that the microstructure and the ductility are sensitive to the forging temperature before annealing treatment. Higher yield strength and ductility can be obtained through forging at a relatively low temperature of 750°C followed by annealing at 800°C and 500°C. It is suggested that the formation of non-equilibrium grain boundaries and banded subgrains within carbide-free areas along grain boundaries enhances the local plastic deformation and results in the improvement of ductility. During the initial deformation at room temperature <111> slip is predominant for both microstructures.

Grain Size Dependence of Tensile Properties in Cu-Sn Thin Foils (Experimental Study)

2015 ◽  
Vol 736 ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
Taek Kyun Jung ◽  
Hyo Soo Lee ◽  
Hyouk Chon Kwon
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Grain Size ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Size Dependence ◽  
Yield Drop ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Vacuum Atmosphere

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of grain size on mechanical properties in Cu-Sn foil with a thickness of 30 um. The grain size was varied from approximately 7 um to 50 um using heat treatment at 773 K for 2 h to 24 h in a vacuum atmosphere. Tensile test was carried out at room temperature with strain rate of 1mm/min. Typical yield drop phenomenon was observed. Mechanical properties were found to be strongly affected by microstructural features including grain size. The yield strength and tensile strength gradually decreased with increasing the grain size. The strain to fracture also decreased by grain growth. These results could be explained by not only the grain size dependence of yield strength but also the ratio of thickness to grain size dependence of yield strength.

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