Shungite Nanopowder as a Modificator of Mechanical Properties and Water Absorption for Three-Ply Particle Board

The article presents the methods and the results of the experimental investigation of the additive influence of shungite nanopowder when mixed in the glue for three-ply particle board. The hypothesis of shungite nanopowder influence on physical-mechanical properties, water absorption and thickness swelling of wood particle board was formulated. The results of experimental investigations proved that the optimum shungite nanopowder quantity in glue solution makes up about 10 % of absolutely dry resin mass. Wooden particles of aspen and coniferous species, as well as glue solution based on carbamide-formaldehyde resin, were used in boards manufacturing. The samples were tested in order to determine physical-mechanical properties. It was found out that the 10 % shungite nanopowder additive increases the breaking point of three-ply particle board under bending strength by 18.3-25.7 %, the breaking point of three-ply particle board under tension perpendicular to the face of board by 7.5-11.7 %. As the result of experimental investigation it was found out that the 10 % shungite nanopowder when mixed in the glue decreases water thickness swelling of three-ply particle board up to 14.2 % and water absorption by 10.6-20.1 %. The shungite nanopowder powder contained particles of 50...100 nm in size and specific surface of 120 m2/g. In the course of the experiment three-ply particle boards were used with the thickness of 15.6 mm.

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Amorphous Silica Micro Powder Additive Influence on Bending Strength of One-Ply Particle Board

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.706.82 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 706 ◽

pp. 82-85 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Aleksandr Vasilyevich Pitukhin ◽

Gennady Nikolaevich Kolesnikov ◽

Nikolai Gennadievich Panov ◽

Sergey Borisovich Vasilyev

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Experimental Investigation ◽

Specific Surface ◽

Amorphous Silica ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Breaking Point ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Particle Board ◽

Hardwood Species ◽

Additive Influence

The methods and results of experimental investigation on the additive influence of amorphous silica micro powder when mixed in the glue for one-ply particle board are presented in the article. Wooden particles of coniferous and hardwood species as well as glue solution based on carbamide-formaldehyde resin were used for boards manufacturing. The amorphous silica micro powder contained particles 8 μm by the size and specific surface 120...400 m2/g was used in the experiment. The samples were tested to determine their physical-mechanical properties. It was found that 1 % amorphous silica micro powder additive increases the breaking point of one-ply particle board under bending strength by 43%.

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An attempt to use „Tetra Pak” waste material in particleboard technology

Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.2376 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 114 ◽

pp. 70-75

Author(s):

Radosław Auriga ◽

Piotr Borysiuk ◽

Alicja Auriga

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Core Layer ◽

Waste Material ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

The Core ◽

Tetra Pak ◽

The Impact

An attempt to use „Tetra Pak” waste material in particleboard technology. The study investigates the effect of addition Tetra Pak waste material in the core layer on physical and mechanical properties of chipboard. Three-layer chipboards with a thickness of 16 mm and a density of 650 kg / m3 were manufactured. The share of Tetra Pak waste material in the boards was varied: 0%, 5%, 10% and 25%. The density profile was measured to determine the impact of Tetra Pak share on the density distribution. In addition, the manufactured boards were tested for strength (MOR, MOE, IB), thickness swelling and water absorption after immersion in water for 2 and 24 hours. The tests revealed that Tetra Pak share does not affect significantly the value of static bending strength and modulus of elasticity of the chipboard, but it significantly decreases IB. Also, it has been found that Tetra Pak insignificantly decreases the value of swelling and water absorption of the chipboards.

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Binderless MDF from Hydroxymethylated Kenaf Pulp

Jurnal Ilmu Kehutanan ◽

10.22146/jik.34031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3

Author(s):

Nyoman J Wistara ◽

Wulan Starini ◽

Fauzi Febrianto ◽

Gustan Pari

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde ◽

Standard Procedure ◽

Phenol Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Board Density ◽

Oh Groups

Modified lignin with improved reactivity can be a potential alternative for synthetic phenol formaldehyde resin for the adhesive of wood composite. Direct hydroxymethylation of kenaf in the present experiments was intended to increase lignin reactivity, and therefore was expected to result in satisfying properties of binderless MDF. The stem of kenaf was refined in a disk refiner and the refined fibers were hydroxymethylated in various levels of alkalinity. The concentration of NaOH during hydroxymethylation was of 3%, 6% and 12%. Wet process was applied to produce MDF (30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm) with target density of 0.65 g/cm³. Physical and mechanical properties of MDF were measured in accordance with the standard procedure of JIS A 5905: 2003. Chemical changes in the surface of pulp and the change of board crystallinity were evaluated by FTIR-KBr method and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), respectively. Density, moisture content, and screw withdrawal of the board increased with increasing of NaOH concentration. Thickness swelling, water absorption, MOE and MOR increased up to 3% concentration of NaOH. The IB and heat conductivity of MDF were not influenced by NaOH concentration. Increasing OH groups due to hydroxymethylation was thought to be the origin of high water absorption and thickness swelling of the resulting boards. Higher alkalinity during hydroxymethylation stage was likely increasing cellulose crystallinity that brought about increasing board density. However, chemical modification of the fiber was thought to be more influential to the bending strength and stiffness of the resulting fiberboard. Hydroxymethylation of kenaf pulp was successfully improved board properties. Except for the moisture content, thickness swelling and internal bonding (at 0% and 3% NaOH concentration), all properties of the MDF satisfied the requirement of JIS A 5905: 2003 (type 5) standard. MDF Tanpa Perekat dari Pulp Kenaf TerhidroksimetilasiIntisariLignin yang telah ditingkatkan reaktifitasnya dapat menjadi bahan alternatif perekat resin sintetis fenol formaldehida. Reaktivitas lignin dapat diperbaiki melalui hidroksimetilasi. Dalam penelitian ini, batang kenaf digiling menggunakan disk refiner, dan selanjutnya dilakukan hidroksimetilasi pada beragam alkalinitas. Konsentrasi NaOH yang digunakan dalam hidroksimetilasi bervariasi dari 3%, 6% dan 12%. Proses basah diterapkan untuk membuat MDF (30 cm x 30 cm x 1 cm) dengan target kerapatan 0,65 g/cm3. Sifat fisis dan mekanis MDF diukur mengikuti prosedur standar JIS A 5905: 2003. Perubahan gugus fungsi permukaan pulp dan tingkat kristalinitas papan masing-masing dievaluasi menggunakan FTIR-metode KBr dan difraksi sinar X (XRD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NaOH tidak mempengaruhi IB dan konduktivitas panas MDF. Kerapatan, kadar air, dan kuat pegang sekrup cenderung meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi NaOH. Pengembangan tebal, daya serap air, MOE, dan MOR meningkat sampai dengan hidroksimetilasi dalam NaOH konsentrasi 3%. Peningkatan gugus OH serat akibat hidrosimetilasi diduga meningkatkan penyerapan air dan pengembangan tebal papan yang dihasilkan. Alkalinitas hidroksimetilasi yang lebih tinggi meningkatkan gugus cincin aromatik yang menunjukkan bahwa reaksi formaldehida berlangsung dengan lebih baik. Peningkatan alkalinitas dalam hidroksimetilasi meningkatkan kristalinitas selulosa. Peningkatan kristalinitas selulosa diduga berkontribusi dalam meningkatkan kerapatan, namun perubahan gugus kimia serat diduga lebih berpengaruh terhadap MOR dan MOE dari papan serat yang dihasilkan. Hidroksimetilasi pulp kenaf berhasil meningkatkan sifat papan. Kecuali untuk kadar air, pengembangan tebal dan IB (pada hidroksimetilasi dalam 0% dan 3% NaOH), semua sifat-sifat dari MDF yang dihasilkan memenuhi persyaratan standar JIS A 5905: 2003 (tipe 5).

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Strength and dimensional stability of cement bonded board reinforced with tomato stem particles and coconut husk dust

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.16.1.572-582 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 572-582

Author(s):

Lawrence Aguda ◽

Babatunde Ajayi ◽

Bisola Bakare ◽

Yetunde Aguda ◽

Kayode Olaoye ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Hot Water ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Particle Board ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Particle Content ◽

Mean Values ◽

Coconut Husk ◽

Pre Treatment

The use of coconut husk sawdust and tomato stem particles at varying blending proportion was examined for the production of particle board. Boards of dimensions 350 mm by 350 mm by 6 mm were produced (coconut husk dust, tomato stem particles) at different blending proportion and addition of additive (CaCl2 at different concentrations). The physical properties (water absorption and thickness swelling) and mechanical properties (modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE)) were investigated. Thickness swelling and water absorption were investigated at 24 and 48 hours. The results showed that boards exhibited mean values of 0.50% to 4.16% and 2.12% to 7.00% respectively of thickness swelling at 24 hours and 48 hours respectively and 13.6% to 25.2% and 17.6% to 29.1% of water absorption at 24 h and 48 h, respectively. The boards also exhibited means of 1.00 N/mm2 to 5.25 N/mm2 and 339 N/mm2 to 3430 N/mm2 for MOR and MOE respectively. An increase in the tomato particle content caused increase in water absorption and thickness swelling, resulting in the highest water absorption and thickness swelling values. Tomato stem and coconut husk dust can be used to produce cement bonded boards after pre-treatment with hot water and preferably both sieved.

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Structural Application of Eco-Friendly Composites from Recycled Wood Fibres Bonded with Magnesium Lignosulfonate

Applied Sciences ◽

10.3390/app10217526 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (21) ◽

pp. 7526 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Petar Antov ◽

Vassil Jivkov ◽

Viktor Savov ◽

Ralitsa Simeonova ◽

Nikolay Yavorov

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Modulus Of Elasticity ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Paper Industry ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Formaldehyde Content ◽

Structural Applications ◽

Wood Fibres ◽

Minimum Requirements

The pulp and paper industry generates substantial amounts of solid waste and wastewater, which contain waste fibres. The potential of using these recycled wood fibres for producing eco-friendly composites that were bonded with a formaldehyde-free adhesive (magnesium lignosulfonate) and their use in structural applications was evaluated in this study. Fibreboards were produced in the laboratory with a density of 720 kg·m−3 and 15% magnesium lignosulfonate gluing content, based on the dry fibres. The mechanical properties (bending strength, modulus of elasticity and internal bond strength), physical properties (thickness swelling and water absorption) and formaldehyde content were determined and compared with the European Standards requirements for wood-based panels. In general, the laboratory-produced panels demonstrated acceptable mechanical properties, such as bending strength (18.5 N·mm−2) and modulus of elasticity (2225 N·mm−2), which were higher than the minimum requirements for type P2 particleboards and equal to the requirements for MDF panels. The moisture properties, i.e., thickness swelling (24 h) and water absorption (24 h) significantly deteriorated. The free formaldehyde content of the laboratory-produced composites (1.1 mg/100 g) reached the super E0 grade (≤1.5 mg/100 g), which allowed for their classification as eco-friendly, low-emission wood-based composites. The L-type corner joints, made from the developed composites, demonstrated significantly lower bending capacity (from 2.5 to 6.5 times) compared to the same joints made from MDF panels. Nevertheless, the new eco-friendly composites can be efficiently utilised as a structural material in non-load-bearing applications.

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Effect of Addition of Boric Acid and Borax on Fire-Retardant and Mechanical Properties of Urea Formaldehyde Saw Dust Composites

International Journal of Carbohydrate Chemistry ◽

10.1155/2011/146763 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Zenat A. Nagieb ◽

Mona A. Nassar ◽

Magda G. El-Meligy

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Boric Acid ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Flame Retardant ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Fire Retardant ◽

Modulus Of Rupture ◽

Formaldehyde Resin ◽

Saw Dust

Properties of the flame retardant urea formaldehyde (UF) board made from saw dust fibers were investigated. Flame retardant chemicals that were evaluated include boric acid (BA) and borax (BX) which were incorporated with saw dust fibers to manufacture experimental panels. Three concentration levels, (0.5, 1, and 5%) of fire retardants and 10% urea formaldehyde resin based on oven dry fiber weight were used to manufacture experimental panels. Physical and mechanical properties including water absorption, modulus of rupture (MOR), and modulus of elasticity (MOE) were determined. The results showed that water absorption and bending strength decreased as the flame retardant increased. The highest concentration of (BA + BX) enhanced the fire retardant more than the lower ones. Scanning electron microscope and FTIR of composite panels were studied.

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Effects of particle sizes, wood to cement ratio and chemical additives on the properties of sesendok (Endospermum Diadenum) cement-bonded particleboard

Scientific Research Journal ◽

10.24191/srj.v7i2.5025 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 57

Author(s):

Jamaludin Kasim ◽

Shaikh Abdul Karim Yamani ◽

Ahmad Firdaus Mat Hedzir ◽

Ahmad Syafiq Badrul Hisham ◽

Mohd Arif Fikri Mohamad Adnan

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Experimental Investigation ◽

Cement Content ◽

Particle Sizes ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Chemical Additives ◽

Board Density ◽

Cement Ratio ◽

Aluminium Silicate ◽

Cement Board

An experimental investigation was performed to evaluate the properties of cement-bonded particleboard made from Sesendok wood. The target board density was set at a standard 1200 kg m". The effect offarticle size, wood to cement ratio and the addition ofsodium silicate and aluminium silicate on the wood cement board properties has been evaluated. A change ofparticle size from 1.0 mm to 2.0 mm has a significant effect on the mechanical properties, however the physical properties deteriorate. Increasing the wood to cement ratio from 1:2.25 to 1:3 decreases the modulus ofrupture (MOR) by 11% and the addition ofsodium silicate improves valuesfurther by about 28% compared to the addition ofaluminum silicate. The modulus ofelasticity (MOE) in general increases with increasing cement content, but is not significantly affected by the addition ofsodium silicate or aluminium silicate, although the addition of their mixture (sodium silicate andaluminium silicate) consistentlyyields greater MOE values. Water absorption and thickness swelling is significantly affected by the inclusion ofadditives and better values are attained using higher wood to cement ratios.

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Eco-Friendly, High-Density Fiberboards Bonded with Urea-Formaldehyde and Ammonium Lignosulfonate

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020220 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 220

Author(s):

Petar Antov ◽

Viktor Savov ◽

Ľuboš Krišťák ◽

Roman Réh ◽

George I. Mantanis

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Urea Formaldehyde ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

High Density ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Formaldehyde Content ◽

Uf Resin ◽

Natural Wood ◽

European Standards

The potential of producing eco-friendly, formaldehyde-free, high-density fiberboard (HDF) panels from hardwood fibers bonded with urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin and a novel ammonium lignosulfonate (ALS) is investigated in this paper. HDF panels were fabricated in the laboratory by applying a very low UF gluing factor (3%) and ALS content varying from 6% to 10% (based on the dry fibers). The physical and mechanical properties of the fiberboards, such as water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), bending strength (MOR), internal bond strength (IB), as well as formaldehyde content, were determined in accordance with the corresponding European standards. Overall, the HDF panels exhibited very satisfactory physical and mechanical properties, fully complying with the standard requirements of HDF for use in load-bearing applications in humid conditions. Markedly, the formaldehyde content of the laboratory fabricated panels was extremely low, ranging between 0.7–1.0 mg/100 g, which is, in fact, equivalent to the formaldehyde release of natural wood.

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Propriedades mecânicas de tijolos fabricados com solo e água residuária de mandioca

Revista Verde de Agroecologia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável ◽

10.18378/rvads.v10i2.3427 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 213-217 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

N. C. de Araújo ◽

A. P. Ramos ◽

A. J. P. Queiroz ◽

R. C. dos Santos ◽

J. Da S. Buriti

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Flexural Strength ◽

Natural Resources ◽

Water Absorption ◽

Ceramic Material ◽

Manufacturing Process ◽

Bending Strength ◽

Ceramic Blocks ◽

Ceramic Paste ◽

Bodies Of Evidence

A vantagem do processo de fabricação de tijolos com manipueira é ser ecologicamente correto, pois não consome água, nem há necessidade de ir ao forno, economizando recursos naturais e fazendo uso de um efluente altamente poluente. Assim, este trabalho objetivou analisar as propriedades mecânicas de tijolos fabricados com solo associado à manipueira como alternativa sustentável. Foram avaliados os parâmetros absorção de água e resistência à flexão. Em conformidade com os resultados, observou-se que as massas cerâmicas apresentaram valores de absorção de água da ordem de 10 a 13 %, valores aceitáveis para fabricação de blocos cerâmicos e valores de resistência a flexão adequados para fabricação de tijolos maciços, tanto, os corpos de prova com queima quanto os corpos de provas sem queima. Assim, conclui-se que a troca da água pela adição da manipueira na massa cerâmica não interfere nas propriedades mecânicas e esta pode ser adicionada a massa cerâmica para fabricação de tijolos ecológicos através do processo de prensagem.Mechanical properties of manufactured bricks with soil and cassava wastewaterAbstract: The advantage of the manufacturing process of brick with cassava is being environmentally friendly because it does not consume water, and there is no need to go to the oven, saving natural resources and making use of a highly polluting effluent. This work aimed to analyze the mechanical properties of bricks made from soil associated with cassava as a sustainable alternative. Parameters were evaluated water absorption and flexural strength. In accordance with the results, it was observed that the ceramic material provided water absorption values of the order of 10 to 13%, acceptable values for manufacturing ceramic blocks and bending strength values suitable for manufacture of solid bricks, both proof bodies test with burns as the proof bodies of evidence without burning. It is therefore concluded that the replacement of water by the addition of cassava the ceramic mass does not interfere with the mechanical properties and that can be added to the ceramic paste for manufacturing green bricks through the pressing process.

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