Structural and Surface Morphology of ZnO

2017 ◽  
Vol 888 ◽  
pp. 344-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siti Salwa Zainal Abidin ◽  
Meor Yusoff Meor Sulaiman ◽  
Wilfred Paulus ◽  
Ahmad Khairulikram Zahari ◽  
Khaironie Mohammad Takip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solvent Extraction ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Steel Mills ◽  
Solvent Extraction Technique

The raw material of the extraction process is dust from the electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). EAFD is a byproduct of steel mills which comprises mainly of iron (33-35%) and zinc (22-27%). In this study, ZnO was extracted and purified from EAFD using solvent extraction technique to remove other impurities. Solvent extraction process can easily be adapted into small and large capacities. Characterization of the samples has been done and the results show the production of purity of ZnO samples was quite high. The sample was characterized using equipment such as X-ray fluorescence, XRF, X-ray diffraction, XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM).

scholarly journals Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties of Chitin Extracted from Cicada orni Sloughs Harvested in Three Different Years and Characterization of the Resulting Chitosan

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11278
Author(s):  
Aurelia Poerio ◽  
Thomas Girardet ◽  
Chloé Petit ◽  
Solenne Fleutot ◽  
Jean-Philippe Jehl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Degree Of Deacetylation ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Chitin And Chitosan

Chitin and its derivative chitosan are among the most used polysaccharides for biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. Most of the commercially available chitin is obtained from seafood wastes. However, the interest in alternative renewable sources of chitin and chitosan, such as insects, is growing. When new sources are identified, their stability over time has to be evaluated to allow for their commercialization. The aim of this study is to compare the physicochemical properties of chitin extracted from Cicada orni sloughs harvested in three different years (2017, 2019 and 2020) in order to assess the stability of the source and the repeatability of the extraction process. Chitin and its derivative chitosan were characterized by simple techniques such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results suggest that the physicochemical properties of the extracted chitin varied from year to year, and that these differences are not due to the extraction process, but rather to intrinsic differences within the source. We showed that these differences could already be detected by analyzing the raw material (i.e., cicada sloughs) using the above-mentioned simple methods. The chitosan obtained from deacetylation of chitin had a low degree of deacetylation (66.2±1.6%). This low degree of deacetylation can be attributed to the deacetylation process, which is probably not appropriate for this source of chitin.

Characterization and A Preliminary Study of TiO2 Synthesis from Lampung Iron Sand

2020 ◽  
Vol 849 ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Yayat Iman Supriyatna ◽  
Slamet Sumardi ◽  
Widi Astuti ◽  
Athessia N. Nainggolan ◽  
Ajeng W. Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Solid Residue ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Leaching Solution ◽  
Ti Content

The purpose of this study is to characterize Lampung iron sand and to conduct preliminary experiments on the TiO2 synthesis which can be used for the manufacturing of functional food packaging. The iron sand from South Lampung Regency, Lampung Province that will be utilized as raw material. The experiment was initiated by sieving the iron sand on 80, 100, 150, 200 and 325 mesh sieves. Analysis using X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) to determine the element content and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to observe the mineralization of the iron sand was conducted. The experiment was carried out through the stages of leaching, precipitation, and calcination. Roasting was applied firstly by putting the iron sand into the muffle furnace for 5 hours at a temperature of 700°C. Followed by leaching using HCl for 48 hours and heated at 105°C with a stirring speed of 300 rpm. The leaching solution was filtered with filtrate and solid residue as products. The solid residue was then leached using 10% H2O2 solution. The leached filtrate was heated at 105°C for 40 minutes resulting TiO2 precipitates (powder). Further, the powder was calcined and characterized. Characterization of raw material using XRF shows the major elements of Fe, Ti, Mg, Si, Al and Ca. The highest Ti content is found in mesh 200 with 9.6%, while iron content is about 80.7%. While from the XRD analysis, it shows five mineral types namely magnetite (Fe3O4), Rhodonite (Mn, Fe, Mg, Ca) SiO3, Quart (SiO2), Ilmenite (FeOTiO2) and Rutile (TiO2). The preliminary experiment showed that the Ti content in the synthesized TiO2 powder is 21.2%. The purity of TiO2 is low due to the presence of Fe metal which is dissolved during leaching, so that prior to precipitation purification is needed to remove impurities such as iron and other metals.

Preliminary Study of Alginates Extracted from Brown Algae (Sargassum sp.) Available in Madura Island as Composite Based Hydrogel Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 964 ◽  
pp. 240-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaliya Rasyida ◽  
Thalyta Rizkha Pradipta ◽  
Sigit Tri Wicaksono ◽  
Vania Mitha Pratiwi ◽  
Yeny Widya Rakhmawati
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Brown Algae ◽  
Extraction Process ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Preliminary Study

Utilization of brown algae especially in Madura, where it’s close to Surabaya, only limited for food. This become a reference for developing and increasing the potential of this algae by extracting one of the ingredients, namely alginate. This paper deals with the characterization of sodium alginate extracted from sargassum sp. using modified-purified calcium routes. The extracted sodium alginate will be further used as composite hydrogel materials and compared with commercial sodium alginate. Hereafter, the synthesized composite is expected to be bio-ink for 3d printer. Chemical composition analysis were analyzed using X-Ray Fluorosense (XRF) followed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis to identify the functional group of composite and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). Furthermore, viscosity bath is performed to compare the viscosity of extracted and commercial one. The result shows that modified-purified calcium routes in the extraction process of sodium alginate is desirable for improving their properties. Interestingly enough, with the goal of using it as bio-ink in 3d printed fabrication, the synthesized composite shows viscosity, 300 cSt, which meets the criteria for bio-ink in 3d printer.

Preliminary Preparation and Characterization Studies of Cellulose from Merbau (Intsia bijuga)

2012 ◽  
Vol 620 ◽  
pp. 314-319
Author(s):  
Nur Amira Mamat Razali ◽  
Fauziah Abdul Aziz ◽  
Saadah Abdul Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Alkaline Treatment ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Preliminary Preparation ◽  
Characterization Studies ◽  
Scanning Electron

Hardwood is wood from angiosperm trees. The characteristic of hardwood include flowers, endosperm within seeds and the production of fruits that contain the seeds. This paper aims to discuss the preparation and characterization of cellulose obtained from hardwood. The hardwood Merbau (Intsia bijuga) was chosen as raw material in this study. Alkaline treatment and delignification methods were used for the preparation of cellulose. Acid hydrolysis was employed to produce cellulose nanocrystal (CNC). The treated and untreated samples were characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The final product, from both trated and untreated samples were then compared.

scholarly journals Making and Characterization of Limnpo4 Using Solid State Reaction Method for Lithium Ion Battery Cathodes

2019 ◽  
pp. 583-588
Author(s):  
Adelyna Oktavia ◽  
Kurnia Sembiring ◽  
Slamet Priyono
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Lithium Ion Battery ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Solid State Reaction Method ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Solid State Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
General Investigation

Hospho-material of olivine, LiMnPO4 identified as promising for cathode material generation next Lithium-ion battery and has been successfully synthesized by solid-state method with Li2Co3, 2MnO2, 2NH4H2PO4 as raw material. The influence of initial concentration of precursors at kalsinasi temperatures (400-800 ° C) flows with nitrogen. The purity and composition phase verified by x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), spectroscopy, energy Dispersive x-ray Analysis (EDS), Raman spectra. General investigation shows that there is a correlation between the concentration of precursors, the temperature and the temperature of sintering kalsinasi that can be exploited to design lithium-ion next generation.

Mineralogical and geochemical characterization of archaeological ceramics from the 16th century El Badi Palace, Morocco

Clay Minerals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 459-470
Author(s):  
Mouhssin El Halim ◽  
Lahcen Daoudi ◽  
Meriam El Ouahabi ◽  
Valérie Rousseau ◽  
Catherine Cools ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Archaeological Ceramics ◽  
Geochemical Characterization ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Firing Tests

ABSTRACTTextural, mineralogical and chemical characterization of archaeological ceramics (zellige) from El Badi Palace (Marrakech, Morocco), the main Islamic monument from the Saadian period (sixteenth century), has been performed to enhance restoration and to determine the technology of manufacturing. A multi-analytical approach based on optical and scanning electron microscopy, cathodoluminescence, X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction was used. Re-firing tests on ceramic supports were also performed to determine the firing temperatures used by the Saadian artisans. A calcareous clay raw material was used to manufacture these decorative ceramics. The sherds were fired at a maximum temperature of 800°C in oxidizing atmosphere. The low firing temperature for ‘zellige’ facilitates cutting of the pieces, but also causes fragility in these materials due to the absence of vitreous phases.

scholarly journals Characterization of avian eggshell waste aiming its use in a ceramic wall tile paste

Cerâmica ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (324) ◽  
pp. 240-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. N. Freire ◽  
J. N. F. Holanda
Keyword(s):  
Wall Tile ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Waste Sample ◽  
Eggshell Waste

In Brazil, the food industry generates every year huge amounts of avian eggshell waste, and a critical question is to find an adequate use for this waste. The aim of this work is to determine the chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of a nonprocessed avian eggshell waste sample, as well as to investigate its use in wall tile paste. The sample was analyzed regarding to chemical composition, X-ray diffraction, morphology, particle size analysis, density, organic matter, soluble salts, and thermal analysis. The results indicated that the eggshell waste sample rich in CaCO3 can be used as an alternative raw material in the production of wall tile materials.

scholarly journals Characterization of bentonite clay from 'Greda' deposit

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadezda Stankovic ◽  
Mihovil Logar ◽  
Jelena Lukovic ◽  
Jelena Pantic ◽  
Miljana Miljevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ceramic Industry ◽  
Bentonite Clay ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
High Quality ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Silica ◽  
Representative Samples

Based on mineralogical and technological investigations of the deposit 'Greda' important characteristics of bentonite clay were determined. Representative samples of the deposit were characterized with X-ray diffraction, low-temperature nitrogen adsorption, chemical analysis, differential thermal analysis and scanning electron microscopy. It was determined that the main mineral is montmorillonite and in subordinate quantities kaolinite, quartz and pyrite. The chemical composition generally shows high silica and alumina contents in all samples and small quantities of Fe3+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ cations. Based on technological and mineralogical research, bentonite from this deposit is a high-quality raw material for use in the ceramic industry.

Synthesis and Characterization of Phosphoric Silica Catalyst from Bamboo Leaves for Production of Triacetin

2022 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 129-137
Author(s):  
Renita Manurung ◽  
Muhammad Dedi Anggreawan ◽  
Alwi Gery Agustan Siregar
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Catalytic Amount ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solid Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bamboo Leaves ◽  
Bamboo Leaf Ash

In this research, the bamboo leaf shows promise as an alternative raw material for silica production. This study investigated the performance of heterogeneous catalyst prepared from silica derived bamboo leaf ash after that impregnated with phosphoric acid at ratio various. The catalyst was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Brunauer Emmet Teller (BET) and Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH) method and triacetin product analyzed by GC-MS. The optimum condition phosphoric silica catalyst was obtained at phosphoric silica molar ratio of 1:2 and employed in the acetylation of glycerol, respectively. As result, 24 % selectivity for triacetin was obtained in the presence of catalytic amount 5%, molar ratio 1:9 at 100 °C for 4 hours. Bamboo leaf derived phosphoric silica calcined showed high potential to be used as an easy to prepare and high-performance solid catalyst for industrial scale.

scholarly journals Grain Size Effect in Elution Test of Electric Arc Furnace Slag

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Riboldi ◽  
Giovanna Cornacchia ◽  
Marcello Gelfi ◽  
Laura Borgese ◽  
Annalisa Zacco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Arc Furnace ◽  
Electric Arc ◽  
Leaching Tests ◽  
Arc Furnace ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Lombardy Region ◽  
Electric Arc Furnace Slag ◽  
Test Requirements ◽  
Furnace Slag

In this paper we discuss the effects of deslagging practices and the size of electric arc furnace (EAF) slags on structural, microstructural, composition and leaching tests. The samples were collected from seven steelmakers located in Brescia (Lombardy Region, Italy). Nine granularity fractions of four samples were tested to evaluate the influence of the granularity on the leaching tests. The results showed that, in general, the release of the elements arises when the size of the particle decreases, except in one sample, in which vanadium and zinc displayed the opposite trend. X-ray diffraction results suggest that behavior may be ascribed to the effect of the grinding, which causes a different percentage of the phases in the various fractions. In conclusion, the possible effects of the size should also be carefully considered when defining new leaching test requirements for EAF slags.

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