Waste from Water Softening Stations for Treatment Wastewater Containing Dyes

2018 ◽  
Vol 931 ◽  
pp. 949-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgeny V. Alekseev
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Sewage Water ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Considerable Part ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Softened Water ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
General Balance

In the general balance of water consumption, a considerable part falls on softened water. The processes of obtaining softened water form a significant amount of liquid waste containing calcium and magnesium salts. We show the possibility of using wastewater from water softening installations for the treatment of wastewater containing dyes. The obtained results demonstrate high efficiency of wastewater treatment in textile factories. An additional advantage of the use of sewage water softening plants is the economy of reagents for the removal of dyes.

scholarly journals MATHEMATICAL MODELING SINGULARLY PERTURBED PROCESSES OF WATER SOFTENING ON SODIUM-CATIONITE FILTERS

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrij Safonyk ◽  
Ihor Prysiazhniuk ◽  
Olena Prysiazhniuk ◽  
Oleksandr Naumchuk
Keyword(s):  
Ion Exchange ◽  
Asymptotic Approximation ◽  
Model Problem ◽  
Initial Boundary ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Pre Treatment ◽  
Modelling Assumptions

Mathematical model of the process of water softening using ion exchange pre-treatment of waters to desalination, with a view to removal of scale forming components, such as calcium and magnesium, are formed in the paper. In this process, no additional chemicals, except for brines formed during desalination, are required for regeneration of ion-exchanger in operation cycles. An asymptotic approximation of a solution of a corresponding model problem is constructed. Theoretical description and modelling assumptions included the set of differential equations of mass balance, initial, boundary and operational conditions. The paper deals with the development of a computer model for description and prediction of the performance of ion exchange columns.

scholarly journals Reasons for Reduced Moisture Resistance of Sulfur-Extended Asphalt Concrete

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7218
Author(s):  
Huu Tuan Le ◽  
Evgenij V. Korolev ◽  
Anna N. Grishina ◽  
Vitaly A. Gladkikh
Keyword(s):  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Moisture Resistance ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Capillary Structure ◽  
Hydrolytic Decomposition ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Sulfur Containing ◽  
Decomposition Of Water

The paper presents the results of a study of the mechanism for reducing the moisture resistance of sulfur-extended asphalt concrete. It is shown that a decrease in moisture resistance occurs due to the occurrence of chemical and physical processes. At the same time, it was found that during the manufacture of sulfur-bitumen composites, toxic gases H2S and SO2 are formed, which are capable of interacting with a mineral filler, as well as the interaction of sulfur with a mineral powder with the formation of sulfur-containing water-soluble salts, the extraction of which leads to a decrease in the moisture resistance of sulfur-bitumen materials. The change in the rate of leaching of these substances from the composite is due to the physical process caused by the crystallization of sulfur and the formation of a capillary structure, which significantly increases the rate of leaching of calcium and magnesium salts, which are products of dissolution or hydrolytic decomposition of water-soluble products of the interaction of sulfur, H2S and SO2 gases with calcium and magnesium carbonates. The intensity of chemical and physical processes intensifies with an increase in the amount of sulfur in sulfur-bitumen materials.

Production and bioavailability of calcium and magnesium salts of omega-3 fatty acids

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav A. Kralovec ◽  
H. Stephen Ewart ◽  
Jeffrey H.D. Wright ◽  
Lynn V. Watson ◽  
Dorothy Dennis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

scholarly journals RIGOR MORTIS AND THE INFLUENCE OF CALCIUM AND MAGNESIUM SALTS UPON ITS DEVELOPMENT

1908 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 45-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. Meltzer ◽  
John Auer
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Original Position ◽  
Rigor Mortis ◽  
Calcium Salts ◽  
Intravenous Injections ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium ◽  
Ion Effects ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right

Calcium salts hasten and magnesium salts retard the development of rigor mortis, that is, when these salts are administered subcutaneously or intravenously. When injected intra-arterially, concentrated solutions of both kinds of salts cause nearly an immediate onset of a strong stiffness of the muscles which is apparently a contraction, brought on by a stimulation caused by these salts and due to osmosis. This contraction, if strong, passes over without a relaxation into a real rigor. This form of rigor may be classed as work-rigor (Arbeitsstarre). In animals, at least in frogs, with intact cords, the early contraction and the following rigor are stronger than in animals with destroyed cord. If M/8 solutions—nearly equimolecular to "physiological" solutions of sodium chloride—are used, even when injected intra-arterially, calcium salts hasten and magnesium salts retard the onset of rigor. The hastening and retardation in this case as well as in the cases of subcutaneous and intravenous injections, are ion effects and essentially due to the cations, calcium and magnesium. In the rigor hastened by calcium the effects of the extensor muscles mostly prevail; in the rigor following magnesium injection, on the other hand, either the flexor muscles prevail or the muscles become stiff in the original position of the animal at death. There seems to be no difference in the degree of stiffness in the final rigor, only the onset and development of the rigor is hastened in the case of the one salt and retarded in the other. Calcium hastens also the development of heat rigor. No positive facts were obtained with regard to the effect of magnesium upon heat vigor. Calcium also hastens and magnesium retards the onset of rigor in the left ventricle of the heart. No definite data were gathered with regard to the effects of these salts upon the right ventricle.

scholarly journals PENGURANGAN CHROM (Cr) DALAM LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI KULIT PADA PROSES TANNERY MENGGUNAKAN SENYAWA ALKALI Ca(OH)2, NaOH DAN NaHCO3 (STUDI KASUS PT. TRIMULYO KENCANA MAS SEMARANG)

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmadi Asmadi ◽  
Endro S ◽  
W. Oktiawan
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Production Process ◽  
High Power ◽  
Small Dose ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Separation Efficiency ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Ph Optimum ◽  
Technical Aspects ◽  
Tannery Industry

AbstractOne of the industries that use hazardous and toxic (B3) on the production process is leather tannery industry, with a compound chromium (Cr). Chromium in the compound, including heavy metals that have a known toxicity of high power. Alkali compound is Ca(OH)2, NaOH,and NaHCO3 the chemicals that can be used for processing liquid waste leather tannery industry that contains chromium, which works to raise the pH and precipitate chromium solution so produced chrome hidroksida in the form of chromium (Cr(OH)3). Results of research it was found that the pH optimum for alkali compound at each pH condition 8, the separation efficiency of 99.28% chromium compound using alkali Ca (OH) 2 and NaOH, while the use of 98.50% NaHCO3. Alkali compound which most effective review of technical aspects to a decrease in the concentration of chromium in leather tannery wastewater is NaOH, because with a small dose is able to separate the chromium in the wastewater with a high efficiency (99.28%), while the most economical and is recommended for applications is in the Ca(OH)2.  Key words : Ca(OH)2, Cr2O3, separation efficiency, hidroksida chromium (Cr(OH)3),  NaHCO3, NaOH,  pH optimum, alkali compound.

scholarly journals Advantages of “Soft Steroids” in the Treatment of Inflammatory Eye Diseases. Оverview

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 778-783
Author(s):  
D. Yu. Maychuk ◽  
A. A. Tarkhanova
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Hypertension ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Eye Diseases ◽  
Immunosuppressive Activity ◽  
Combination Drug ◽  
Additional Advantage ◽  
Eye Disorders ◽  
Mucin Expression ◽  
Combination Drugs ◽  
Ocular Pressure

The purpose to assess the benefits of using soft steroids in the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders according to literature data.Methods. The literature review concerning the administration of the gluco-corticosteroids and combination drugs based on gluco-corticosteroid for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. Both Russian and foreign sources for the 1980–2021 period were analyzed.The results. The combination drugs containing anti-infective drugs and gluco-corticosteroids are actively applied for the treatment of inflammatory eye disorders. That exerts joint ethiopathogenetic effect on the disorder. However, gluco-corticosteroid being a part of such drugs (predominantly dexamethasone) as often as not leads to ocular hypertension. In order to deal with this problem the so-called soft steroids (also classified as gluco-corticosteroids) were introduced. They lessen the possibility of the ocular hypertension and are marked by high efficiency and increased safety profile. One of the representatives of soft steroids is fluorometholone. There is a large evidential base in the modern literature that confirms much lesser influence of fluorometholone on ocular pressure if compared to dexamethasone. At the same time, dexamethasone has a higher anti-inflammatory activity, while on the other hand, its systemic immunosuppressive activity is lower. What is more, in terms of influence on the ocular surfaces, dexamethasone has an additional advantage which is causing mucin expression in conjuctival and corneal epithelium. The above mentioned merits of dexamethasone served as basis for its inclusion into the combination drug called Floas-T which is essentially the combination of tobramycin 0.3 % and fluorometholone 0.1 %. It is used in the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases and diseases of eye appendages, as well as for profylaxis of the diseases in the postoperative period.Conclusion. Combination drugs containing anti-infective components and gluco-corticosteroids seem to be highly promising for the treatment of inflammatory eye diseases. One of them worth highlighting is Floas-T classified as soft steroids containing tobramycin and fluorometholone. It compares to dexamethasone favourably in terms of efficiency, while contributing less to ocular hypertension.

Central water softening: customer comfort is relevant in new WHO view

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martijn Groenendijk ◽  
Stephan van de Wetering ◽  
Ruud van Nieuwenhuijze
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Customer Satisfaction ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Water Softening ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

The effects and implications of the hardness of drinking water have been intensively discussed for some years. Preventive properties have been attributed to calcium and magnesium in connection with cardiovascular disease. More recently the discussion resumed in advance of the new WHO guidelines that will deal with desalination of drinking water obtained from brackish or salt water. The outcome of these discussions will impact on water supply companies that have decided to apply central softening for reasons of customer comfort. This paper describes the strategy adopted by Brabant Water in relation to water softening and customer satisfaction and the significance of the WHO guidelines.

Increased AutoAnalyzer Dialysis of Calcium and Magnesium in Presence of Protein

1971 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 614-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A Lott ◽  
Thomas S Herman
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Absorption Spectrophotometry ◽  
Magnesium Salts ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Abstract We have studied calcium and magnesium determination with the AutoAnalyzer, using dialysis, and measurement by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The fraction of calcium and magnesium that dialyzes is proportional to the protein content of the sample; therefore an error is introduced when aqueous solutions of calcium or magnesium salts are used as standards. Apparently, the presence of proteins causes increased dialysis of Ca+2 and Mg+2.

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