Characteristics of the Galvanic Baths for Electrodeposition of Nickel Coatings Using the Hull Cell

2015 ◽  
Vol 228 ◽  
pp. 79-88
Author(s):  
Magdalena Szklarska ◽  
Agnieszka Smołka ◽  
Magdalena Popczyk ◽  
Bożena Łosiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Bath Composition ◽  
Nickel Plating ◽  
Polycrystalline Nickel ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Hull Cell ◽  
Nickel Coatings ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Electroplating Process

Electrodeposition of polycrystalline nickel onto carbon steel substrate has been studied from different types of solutions: (bath I) the Watts nickel plating bath, (bath II) the sulfate-chloride nickel plating bath for production of the SUPER Ni coatings, (bath III) the sulfamate nickel plating bath, and (bath IV) the chloride nickel plating bath. A detailed study has been made on the influence of the bath composition on the mass increment and thickness of the deposited Ni coatings. Cathodic current efficiency of the Ni electrodeposition has been also studied. The electrochemical anodic de-plating technique has been used for measuring the thickness of nickel coatings according to ISO 2177:2003. Evaluation of the effect of bath composition on the quality of the galvanic nickel coatings, was carried out using the Hull cell. In a single test, the range of current densities which provided a desired plating characteristic at a given total current, was previewed. Principles of the electroplating process using the Hull cell have also been explained.

The Influence Of Potential-Current Conditions on the Electrodeposition of Ni-Sn Alloys from Acidic Chloride-Sulphate Solution

2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Rudnik ◽  
G. Włoch ◽  
A. Czernecka
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Sulphate Solution ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Hull Cell ◽  
Acidic Chloride ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Galvanostatic Conditions ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Ni - Sn alloys were electrodeposited from acidic chloride-sulphate solution in potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions. Cyclic voltammetry and Hull cell were used for the selection of the appropriate deposition potentials and cathodic current densities, respectively. In the potentiostatic conditions (-1.0 - -1.2 V vs. Ag/AgCl) porous deposits (~7-10 wt% Ni) were obtained, while dense coatings (~15-34 wt% Ni) were produced in the galvanostatic conditions (0.5-1.5 A/dm2). In both cases, deposits consisted of β - Sn and Ni3Sn4 phases. Speciation of the bath was also calculated.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Properties of Ni and Ni/Al2O3 Coatings Electrodeposited at Various Current Densities

2016 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Góral ◽  
K. Berent ◽  
M. Nowak ◽  
B. Kania
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stresses ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Nickel Coatings ◽  
Nano Crystalline ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Growth Character ◽  
Steel Substrates

The study presents investigations of an influence of various direct current densities on microstructure, residual stresses, texture, microhardness and corrosion resistance of the nickel coatings electrodeposited from modified Watt’s baths. The properties of obtained coatings were compared to the nano-crystalline composite Ni/Al2O3 coatings prepared under the same plating conditions. The similarities and differences of the obtained coatings microstructures visible on both their surfaces and cross sections and determined properties were presented. The differences in the growth character of the Ni matrix and in the microstructural properties were observed. All electrodeposited Ni and Ni/Al2O3 coatings were compact and well adhering to the steel substrates. The thickness and the microhardness of the Ni and Ni/Al2O3 deposits increased significantly with the current density in the range 2 - 6 A/dm2. Residual stresses are tensile and they reduced as the current density increased. The composite coatings revealed better protection from the corrosion of steel substrate than pure nickel in solution 1 M NaCl.

scholarly journals Electrodeposition of Copper and Brass Coatings with Olive-Like Structure

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1762
Author(s):  
Artur Maciej ◽  
Natalia Łatanik ◽  
Maciej Sowa ◽  
Izabela Matuła ◽  
Wojciech Simka
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Cathodic Current Density ◽  
Bath Composition ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Corrosion Properties ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Electrodeposited Coating ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
New Generation ◽  
First Time

One method of creating a brass coating is through electrodeposition, which is most often completed in cyanide galvanic baths. Due to their toxicity, many investigations focused on the development of more environmentally friendly alternatives. The purpose of the study was to explore a new generation of non-aqueous cyanide-free baths based on 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ionic liquids. The study involved the formation of copper, zinc, and brass coatings. The influence of the bath composition, cathodic current density, and temperature was determined. The obtained coatings were characterized in terms of their morphology, chemical composition, phase composition, roughness, and corrosion resistance. It was found that the structure of the obtained coatings is strongly dependent on the process parameters. The three main structure types observed were as follows: fine-grained, porous, and olive-like. To the best knowledge of the authors, it is the first time the olive-like structure was observed in the case of an electrodeposited coating. The Cu-Zn coatings consisted of 19–96 at. % copper and exhibited relatively good corrosion resistance. A significant improvement of corrosion properties was found in the case of copper and brass coatings with the olive-like structure.

Evaluation of the Effects of Copper Electroplating Parameters on the Adhesion Using Response Surface Methodology

2017 ◽  
Vol 864 ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farag I. Haider ◽  
Suryanto ◽  
Mohd Hanafi Ani ◽  
M.H. Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Adhesion Strength ◽  
Stainless Steel Substrate ◽  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Slight Effect ◽  
Substrate Adhesion ◽  
Copper Electroplating ◽  
Current Densities ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this paper, response surface methodology (RSM) was utilized for the experiment design of CuSO4 and H2SO4 concentrations and current densities. RSM was also used to evaluate the significance of each parameter and its interaction on the adhesion strength of austenitic stainless steel substrate. Adhesion strength was investigated by a Teer ST-30 tester, and the structure of the samples investigated by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that increasing the concentration of CuSO4 and decreasing theat of H2SO4 strengthens adhesion. Conversely, the current density only has a slight effect.

An XRPD Investigation of a Face-Centered Cubic Metallic Plating

1986 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clay Olaf Ruud ◽  
Robin J. McDowell ◽  
Daniel J. Snoha
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Elastic Strain ◽  
Intensity Variation ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Nickel Plating ◽  
Polycrystalline Nickel ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Position Sensitive ◽  
Face Centered ◽  
Crystallographic Planes

AbstractInternal elastic strain (i.e., residual stress) and the diffracted X-ray intensity variation over several orientations of crystallites with respect to the specimen surface were investigated as a means of differentiating two qualities of polycrystalline nickel plating. A unique instrument based upon a position-sensitive scintillation X-ray detector was used to apply all of the techniques commonly applied to X-ray stress analysis in this investigation. It was concluded that residual stress measurements did not provide a clear distinction between the two specimens, but comparison of the relative intensities diffracted from crystallographic planes at certain orientations with the surface did provide a distinction.

Formation of Grain Structures of Thermal Sprayed Nickel Coatings and the Coating Properties

2005 ◽  
Vol 502 ◽  
pp. 517-0
Author(s):  
Kenji Murakami
Keyword(s):  
Steel Substrate ◽  
Nickel Coatings ◽  
Grain Structures ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Columnar Grains ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Plasma Sprayed ◽  
Equiaxed Grains ◽  
Sprayed Coatings ◽  
Lamellar Interfaces

Pure nickel powder was low pressure plasma sprayed onto a steel substrate held at different temperatures during spraying. The as-sprayed coatings consist of columnar grains whose axes are nearly perpendicular to the lamellae composing the coatings. As the coating temperature becomes higher, the length of the columnar grains increases and is longer than the thickness of the lamellae, indicating the growth of the grains across the lamellar interfaces during spraying. On the other hand, the coatings that were heat treated after spraying consist of coarse equiaxed grains. The coatings that experienced high temperatures during spraying or the heat treated coatings have large porosity and contain large globular pores. The hardness, apparent density and the tensile strength of the coating itself were the highest for the coating prepared at a low temperature and became low on heat treatment. The thermal conductivity in the direction perpendicular to the coating was the largest for the coating that consisted of long columnar grains.

Nickel plating bath additive

1995 ◽  
Vol 93 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Plating ◽  
Plating Bath

scholarly journals 2-Mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole, and Thioglycolic Acid in an Electroless Nickel-Plating Bath

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Ahmet Ozan Gezerman ◽  
Burcu Didem Çorbacıoğlu
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Electroless Plating ◽  
Thioglycolic Acid ◽  
Electroless Nickel ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Electroless Nickel Plating ◽  
Nickel Plating ◽  
Plating Bath ◽  
Bath Solution ◽  
Microscope Images

The use of three different materials, 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and thioglycolic acid, was investigated to improve the performance of electroless nickel-plating baths. By changing the concentrations of these materials, sample plates were coated. Optical microscope images were obtained by selecting representative coated plates. From the results of the investigations, the effects of these materials on electroless nickel plating were observed, and the most appropriate amounts of these materials for nickel plating were determined. Moreover, the nickel plating speed observed with the bath solution containing 2-mercaptobenzimidazole, 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, and thioglycolic acid is higher than that in the case of traditional electroless plating baths, but the nickel consumption amount in the former case is lower. In order to minimize the waste water generated from electroless nickel-plating baths, we determined the lowest amounts of the chemicals that can be used for the concentrations reported in the literature.

Controlling factors in localised corrosion morphologies observed for magnesium immersed in chloride containing electrolyte

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 ◽  
pp. 313-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraint Williams ◽  
Nick Birbilis ◽  
H. Neil McMurray
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Radial Growth ◽  
Cathodic Current Density ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Cathodic Current ◽  
Density Distributions ◽  
Filiform Corrosion ◽  
Density Values ◽  
Current Densities

The early stages of localised corrosion affecting magnesium (Mg) surfaces when immersed in aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions involves the propagation of dark regions, within which both anodic metal dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution occur. For nominally “pure” Mg, these dark areas can either take the form of discs which expand radially with time, or filiform-like tracks which lengthen with time. For Mg surfaces which display disc-form corrosion features in concentrated NaCl electrolyte, a transition to filiform corrosion (FFC) is observed as the concentration is decreased, indicating ohmic constraints on radial propagation. A similar effect is observed when Mg specimens of different iron impurity are immersed in a fixed, high concentration NaCl solution, where disc-form corrosion is observed on samples having ≥280 ppm Fe, but FFC predominates at ≤80 ppm Fe. An in situ scanning vibrating electrode technique (SVET) is used to determine current density distributions within the propagating corrosion features. Cathodic current density values of between −100 and −150 A m−2 measured in central areas of disc-like features are sufficient to sustain the radial growth of a local anode at the perimeter of the discs. However, for high purity Mg specimens (≤80 ppm Fe), cathodic current densities of −10 A m−2 or less are measured over FFC affected regions, indicating that linear propagation arises when there is insufficient cathodic current produced on the corroded surface to sustain radial growth. The results are consistent with surface control of localised corrosion propagation in concentrated electrolyte, but ohmic control in dilute, lower conductivity NaCl solution.

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