scholarly journals Access to safe water and personal hygiene practices in the Kulandia Refugee Camp (Jerusalem)

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Issa ◽  
Michael McHenry ◽  
Abdul Aziz Issa ◽  
R. Alexander Blackwood
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Refugee Camp ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Diarrheal Illness ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Education

Diarrheal illness, frequently associated with fecal-oral transmission, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. It is commonly preventable through the implementation of safe water practices. This experiment concerns how to best implement safe water practices in a quasi-permanent refugee camp setting with limited ability for structural changes. Specifically, we explore how health promotion activities that help identify target groups for hygiene interventions can play a role in disease prevention. An anonymous survey was conducted at the United Nations Relief and Works Agency Health Clinic in the Kulandia refugee camp to assess the safe water and personal hygiene practices. Demographic and social characteristics, accessible water and personal hygiene characteristics, and gastrointestinal (GI) burden for individuals and their households were assessed. A total of 96 individuals were enrolled; 62 females and 34 males. Approximately 58% of the sample had soap available and washed hands before and after eating and when preparing food. Piped water was the main source of drinking water (62%), while 31% of our sample utilized tanker-trucks. 93% of participants had access to toilet facilities, with 86% of these facilities being private households. 55% practice extra water hygiene measures on their household drinking water source. 51.3% considered vendor cleanliness when they were buying food. 51% had received formal health education. 68.8% had been taught by their parents, but only 55.2% were teaching their children and 15.6% had consistent access to a health professional for hygiene inquiries. Individual variables and hygiene practices associated with lower rates of diarrheal illnesses included having water piped into the home, proper hand washing, adequate soap availability, proper consideration of vendor cleanliness, higher income, levels of education, health hygiene education, and having access to healthcare professions to discuss hygiene related matters. This is the first study to assess the water and personal hygiene practices at the Kulandia refugee ramp. This study demonstrates that hygiene education and better practices are closely associated with the rate at which individuals and households suffer from diarrheal illnesses within the Kulandia refugee camp. There are significant hygiene deficits in the camp, which likely result from a lack of formal hygiene education and a lack of awareness concerning the connection between diarrheal illness and hygiene. With respect to practices, our results elucidate several areas where basic, communal programming – including lessons on appropriate hand washing and food preparation – will likely improve hygiene practices and decrease overall GI burden.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STRUCTURED TEACHING PROGRAMME ON KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE REGARDING ENVIRONMENTAL AND PERSONAL HYGIENE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Saxena Manish Saxena ◽  
Dr. Rajendra Prasad Sharma sharma
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Teaching Programme ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Trained Staff ◽  
Knowledge And Practice ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

A study regarding poor hygiene and inadequate sanitary conditions play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases. The study evaluated the knowledge, attitude, practice of hygiene among rural school children in Ethiopia; about 669 students were in grades 1-6, and they were interviewed by trained staff. Data consisted of hygiene and hand washing practices, knowledge about sanitation, personal hygiene characteristics. Approximately 52% of students were having adequate knowledge of hygiene, only 36.2% reported using soap, and of the 76.7% of students who reported hand washing after defecation, only 14.8% reported actually following this practice. Study findings underscore the need for more hand washing and hygiene education in schools. The first concept in personal hygiene is the positive and negative emotions that affect physical health, such as feeling pride in being neat and clean or feeling frustration in using hygiene tools. The second concept is personal hygiene practices such as hand washing, oral hygiene etc. The third concept is the fact that germs can lead to common diseases such as the flu or a cold. Nurses can use various techniques to help kids remember these.

scholarly journals Do they really wash their hands? Prevalence estimates for personal hygiene behaviour during the COVID-19 pandemic based on indirect questions

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Mieth ◽  
Maike M. Mayer ◽  
Adrian Hoffmann ◽  
Axel Buchner ◽  
Raoul Bell
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Hygiene Measures ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Crosswise Model

Abstract Background During the COVID-19 pandemic, billions of people have to change their behaviours to slow down the spreading of the virus. Protective measures include self-isolation, social (physical) distancing and compliance with personal hygiene rules, particularly regular and thorough hand washing. Prevalence estimates for the compliance with the COVID-19 measures are often based on direct self-reports. However, during a health crisis there is strong public pressure to comply with health and safety regulations so that people’s responding in direct self-reports may be seriously compromised by social desirability. Methods In an online survey, an indirect questioning technique was used to test whether the prevalence of hygiene practices may be lower than in conventional surveys when confidentiality of responding is guaranteed. The Extended Crosswise Model is an indirect questioning technique that guarantees the confidentiality of responding. To the degree that direct self-reports are biased by social desirability, prevalence estimates of hygiene practices such as thorough hand washing based on the Extended Crosswise Model should be lower than those based on direct self-reports. Results We analysed data of 1434 participants. In the direct questioning group 94.5% of the participants claimed to practice proper hand hygiene; in the indirect questioning group a significantly lower estimate of only 78.1% was observed. Conclusions These results indicate that estimates of the degree of commitment to measures designed to counter the spread of the disease may be significantly inflated by social desirability in direct self-reports. Indirect questioning techniques with higher levels of confidentiality seem helpful in obtaining more realistic estimates of the degree to which people follow the recommended personal hygiene measures. More realistic estimates of compliance can help to inform and to adjust public information campaigns on COVID-19 hygiene recommendations.

Water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) practices and diarrhoea prevalence among children under five years in a tribal setting in Palghar, Maharashtra, India

2020 ◽  
pp. 136749352091602
Author(s):  
Angeline Jeyakumar ◽  
Swapnil Rajendra Godbharle ◽  
Bibek Raj Giri
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Composite Index ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Index ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene

Providing safe drinking water, sanitation and hygiene (WaSH) in geographically isolated settings is a global public health priority. Prevalence of WaSH practices among mothers and diarrhoea among their children (birth to 59 months) was studied in nine randomly selected tribal villages of Mokhada in Palghar, Maharashtra, India. A community-based cross-sectional survey among 577 mother–child pairs was performed. Participants were recruited from the anganwadi list of enrolled children through household visits. WaSH index was used for assessing WaSH practices. Well was the major (47%) drinking water source. Almost 70% treated and covered the stored drinking water. Nearly 75% of the mothers used soap for washing hands before food and 35% after defecation. Open drains and open defecation were observed in 99% and 50% of households, respectively. The median score for drinking water index was 3 (interquartile range (IQR) = 2), personal hygiene index (PHI) was 2 (IQR = 2), household hygiene index (HHI) was 2 (IQR = 1) and composite index (CI) was 6 (IQR = 2). Prevalence of diarrhoea among children was found to be 33.4% and was significantly associated with poor HHI ( p = .007), PHI ( p < .001) and CI ( p < .001). Measures to provide basic WaSH resources combined with efforts to create awareness would ensure improved WaSH practices and prevent diarrhoea.

The impact of a school-based hygiene education intervention on student knowledge in Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Nzengya
Keyword(s):  
Control Group ◽  
School Students ◽  
Safe Water ◽  
Water Testing ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
School Based ◽  
Water Handling ◽  
Hygiene Education ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Water Borne

Recent research indicates that investments in infrastructure for safe water and sanitation provision do not significantly reduce the incidence of water-borne diseases in the developing world unless they are accompanied by education in water handling and hygiene practices. School-based hygiene education initiatives are popular, but there is little evidence that they are effective in teaching students about safe water-handling practices. This study compared the outcomes of two approaches to teaching schoolchildren about the links between hygiene, water handling, and water-borne diarrhea. One approach combined messages about safe water handling and hygiene practices with water testing; the other used messages alone. A quasi-experimental design was used with 120 middle-school students. Forty students received messages alone, 40 received messages and tested water quality, and 40 served as a control group. An evaluation 1 week after the interventions measured students’ hygiene knowledge. Results showed significant improvement in knowledge among students who received messages and tested water, compared to their counterparts who received intervention through hygiene messages only. Evaluation after 12 months showed that the hygiene knowledge gained in both groups was retained. Including participatory water testing in hygiene education interventions can improve students’ knowledge about safe water handling and hygiene practices.

scholarly journals Environmental factors affecting childhood diarrheal disease among under-five children in Jamma District, South Wello zone, northeast Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Getachew Yismaw Workie ◽  
Temesgen Yihunie Akalu ◽  
Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Northeast Ethiopia

Abstract Background Globally, diarrhea is the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among <5years children and it contributes for the deaths of approximately one million children every year. In Ethiopia, diarrhea is the second cause of under-five mortality and morbidity. However, in the study area the study was very limited. Therefore, this study was assessed the prevalence of diarrhea and associated factors among <5years of age in Jamma district, Northeast Ethiopia. Methods A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from August 15 to September 15, 2017 in Jamma district, South Wello zone, northeast Ethiopia. Using systematic random sampling technique 614 households were selected and a pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to investigate factors associated with diarrheal disease. Adjusted Odds Ratios (AOR) with the corresponding 95% Confidence Interval (CI) was used to show the strength of associations and variables with P-values of <0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results In this study, the prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was 23.1% (95% CI: (19.4, 26.5)). Living in rural area (OR:2.75, 95% CI (1.33,5.66)), absence of latrine (OR:4.80, 95% CI (2.39,9.60)), absence of hand washing facility (OR:2.45, 95% CI (1.53,3.93)), unprotected drinking water source (OR:2.68, 95% CI(1.54,4.68)), Improper waste disposal practices (OR:3.86, 95% CI (2.38,6.26)), and source of drinking water, improper waste disposal, and child age were notably associated with childhood diarrheal disease. Therefore, encouraging hand washing practice and proper waste disposal in the district would minimize the burden of diarrheal disease.

scholarly journals Acceptability and Use of Portable Drinking Water and Hand Washing Stations in Health Care Facilities and Their Impact on Patient Hygiene Practices, Western Kenya

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. e0126916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah D. Bennett ◽  
Ronald Otieno ◽  
Tracy L. Ayers ◽  
Aloyce Odhiambo ◽  
Sitnah H. Faith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Care Facilities

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Oral Hygiene and Hand Hygiene Practices of Korean Adolescents: A Study Focused on the 15th Korea Youth Risk Behavior Survey Conducted in 2019

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Jeong Kim ◽  
HYEJU LEE
Keyword(s):  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
School Type ◽  
Korean Adolescents ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Youth Risk Behavior ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background: Hand hygiene is one of the most important measures available to prevent infectious diseases such as COVID-19, and it is recommended that individuals was their hands periodically before and after meals, after using toilets, before preparing food at home, at schools and in public places. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between oral hygiene and hand hygiene in Korean adolescents. Method: Data from 57,303 adolescents who participated in the 2019 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey were analyzed to determine the relationship between oral hygiene and hand hygiene. Results: According to the results of this study, adolescents who brushed their teeth after lunch were 1.48 times more likely to practice hand washing before lunch than were those who did not brush their teeth after lunch. In addition, the odds ratio adjusted for gender, grade, school type, and residence was found to be 1.87. Conclusions: Oral hygiene practices were found to be related to personal hygiene, as assessed by hand washing, in Korean adolescents. Additional studies are needed to develop ways of improving the hygiene and health of adolescents.

scholarly journals Status of water sources, hygiene and sanitation and its impact on the health of households of Makwane Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Budeli ◽  
RC Moropeng ◽  
L Mpenyana-Monyatsi ◽  
I Kamika ◽  
MNB Momba
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Water Sources ◽  
Limpopo Province ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Improved Sanitation ◽  
Storage Containers

ABSTRACTThe key to reducing or even eradicating the burden of waterborne diseases is through appropriate sanitation facilities and piped water systems. Installation of centralised system may take decades to be established, especially in impoverished rural communities of African countries. A survey of 88 households representing Makwane, a scattered settlement in South Africa, Limpopo Province, was conducted to assess the status of basic services. A questionnaire was designed to obtain the required information, such as improved water sources, improved sanitation facilities, hygiene practices and incidence of diarrhoeal diseases in the community. A house-to-house survey was conducted from July to August in 2014 and data were collected from the heads of each household. Results of the survey revealed a complete absence of improved drinking water sources in the community (100%). People rely on any available water sources such stream water, or on rainwater harvesting. Safe hygiene practices were observed in most households with regards to water storage as they store water in 25 L plastic buckets (57%), vessels stored inside a room (76%), use storage containers covered with a lid (76%) and wash these containers at any time prior to storing water (39%). Results also indicated a high percentage of households not treating water (81%) prior to use, disposing wastewater in the yard (97%), lacking access to improved sanitation facilities (41%), and not allowing children under 12 years old to use the toilets (62%). As a result, they practise open defecation as an alternative sanitation facility (86%). The main water source for the community was found to be the stream (31%) and this source is used for adequate personal hygiene in terms of full body bath (94%). In terms of health outcomes, the most prevalent health problem was found to be diarrhoea (75%), which occurred mostly in children less than 5 years old and was found to persist up to 3 days (34%). The community generally visited the clinic (75%) in cases of health problems. The implementation of point-of-use household drinking water treatment in Makwane households for the production of safe drinking water is highly recommended. In addition to this, a special education with emphasis on drinking water storage, cleaning of water storage containers and safe disposal of wastewater should be offered. Open defecation should also be discouraged to mitigate the bacterial contamination of water sources and transmission of diseases.

scholarly journals Hygiene and Sanitation Challenge for COVID-19 Prevention in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Gede Purnama ◽  
Dewi Susanna
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Personal Protective Equipment ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Protective Equipment ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Open Defecation

The case of Covid-19 in Indonesia continues to increase, transmitted directly and indirectly. Hygiene and sanitation approaches are needed for prevention. the purpose of this review is to review how the transmission COVID-19, the challenges of Indonesia, and the policy of COVID-19 prevention with hygiene and sanitation approaches. The results show Indonesia's challenges namely urban area density, air pollution, and smokers, low hand washing habits, low access to clean water and drinking water, open defecation behavior, limited personal protective equipment. COVID-19 control policy with the hygiene sanitation approach is carried out with 4 factors namely personal protect equipment, health education, personal hygiene, and sanitation.

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