scholarly journals Amino acid composition and protein quality of Tepary bean grains (Phaseolus acutifolius L.) as affected by sowing date and planting pattern under semi-arid condition

2021 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tabasom Ghadimian ◽  
Hamid Madani ◽  
Nourali Sajedi ◽  
Masoud Gomarian ◽  
Saeid Chavosh
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Main Plot

Planting pattern and sowing date are the eminent factors affecting plant growth and development. The two-year experiment under field conditions was conducted as split plot design in three replications during 2017 and 2018. The main plot was planting pattern in two levels (PP1: one-row, and PP2: two-row plantation pattern) and subplot was sowing date in three levels (SD1: June 15, SD2: June 30 and SD3: July 15). The results revealed that the biological yield in SD2 had significant increase by 14% and 6% in comparison to SD1 and SD3 under two-row plantation pattern in the first year respectively. In PP2, the seed yield was improved by 19% and 15% compared to SD1 and SD3 at SD2 in 2017. Carbohydrate content varied in the two years. In mono row plantation method, the grain carbohydrate content was higher in SD1 significantly. In bean plants under PP2, protein content on SD2 increased by 13% compared to SD3 in the second year of experiments. The greatest amount of essential amino acids was found in leucine followed by lysine, arginine, phenylalanine, valine, isoleucine, histidine, and threonine. We found that the concentration of essential amino acid in tepary bean grains was significantly changed by sowing date. We suggest that in tepary bean cultivation the use of plantation pattern is very effectiveness and two-row plantation pattern was the most important when the sown date delayed by late of June under same experimental environment.

Effect of Plant Pattern and Density on Yield and Amino Acid Profile of Tepary Bean (Phaseolus acutifolius) in a Semiarid Area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Adibzadeh ◽  
Nour Ali Sajedi ◽  
Hamid Madani ◽  
Masoud Gomarian ◽  
Saeid Chavoshi
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Tepary Bean ◽  
Planting Pattern ◽  
Phaseolus Acutifolius ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Main Plot

Background: Tepary bean is recognized as a deal crop for cultivation in arid and semi-arid regions. The spatial distribution of plants is an important farming practice. A study was conducted in tepary bean (Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray) to investigate the effect of planting pattern and plant density on plant yield and amino acid profile.Methods: The experiment was carried out in a split-split plot design with three replications during 2017 and 2018. The main plot comprised planting pattern at two levels, including one-row plantation (PP1) and two-row plantation (PP2) and sub plot comprised plant density at three levels, including high plant density (HPD:50 plant/m2), moderate plant density (MPD:40 plant/m2) and low plant density (LPD: 30 plant/m2). In both years, plants were harvested at the end of pod filling stage at October. Amino acid profiles were determined using a HPLC system. Result: The results showed that in the first year and under PP2, MPD increased the biological yield by 19% and 16% compared to HPD and LPD, respectively. Increased pod yield was observed at MPD compared to HPD and LPD. In the second year under PP1, MPD improved grain yield by 75% and 65% in comparison to HPD and LPD, respectively. Increased protein and amino acid content were observed at MPD and PP2. The greatest amino acid content was Leu followed by Lys, Arg, Phe, Val, Ile, Thr, Tyr, His, Met, Trp and Cys.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF STORAGE TIME ON THE QUALITY OF SMOKED HETEROCLARIAS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Ahmed Ayeloja ◽  
W. A. Jimoh ◽  
T. O. Uthman ◽  
M. O. Shittu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Storage Time ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Duration Of Storage

Effect of storage time on the quality of smoked heteroclarias was studied. 108 samples of heteroclarias (average weight 210 + 15g) was used. Analysis carried out include: proximate, mineral composition (Ca, Na, Fe and Mg), biochemical, amino acid and sensory evaluation. Data obtained was subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) while the sensory data was subjected to nonparametric test (Kruskal Wallis test). Smoked heteroclarias have good nutritional quality in terms of proximate, mineral and amino acids all of which decrease with increase in duration of storage at ambient temperatures. Glutamic acid  was the most predominant amino acid and the highest non-essential amino acid (NEEA), lysine was the most predominant EAA. There was higher concentration of non-essential amino acids than essential amino acids, EAA/NEAA ratio (0.86 – 0.93) recorded indicates that the fish have excellent protein quality; its the predicted protein efficiency ratio (P-PER) ranged between 3.44-3.61 and its biological value ranged between 79.84 -75.04. Its chemical score and TEAA decrease with increase in storage time. Its texture quality reduced significantly (χ2 = 12.207, p<0.01) with increased storage period. It is therefore recommended that smoked heteroclarias be consumed as soon as it is smoked and regularly for good healthy conditions especially among children, aged and other vulnerable groups.

scholarly journals Nonessential amino acid usage for protein replenishment in humans: a method of estimation

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Tessari
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
World Health ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Turnover

ABSTRACT Background Essential amino acids (EAAs) are key factors in determining dietary protein quality. Their RDAs have been estimated. However, although nonessential amino acids (NEAAs) are utilized for protein synthesis too, no estimates of their usage for body protein replenishment have been proposed so far. Objective The aim of this study was to provide minimum, approximate estimates of NEAA usage for body protein replenishment/conservation in humans. Methods A correlation between the pattern of both EAAs and NEAAs in body proteins, and their usage, was assumed. In order to reconstruct an “average” amino acid pattern/composition of total body proteins (as grams of amino acid per gram of protein), published data of relevant human organs/tissues (skeletal muscle, liver, kidney, gut, and collagen, making up ∼74% of total proteins) were retrieved. The (unknown) amino acid composition of residual proteins (∼26% of total proteins) was assumed to be the same as for the sum of the aforementioned organs excluding collagen. Using international EAA RDA values, an average ratio of EAA RDA to the calculated whole-body EAA composition was derived. This ratio was then used to back-calculate NEAA usage for protein replenishment. The data were calculated also using estimated organ/tissue amino acid turnover. Results The individual ratios of World Health Organization/Food and Agriculture Organization/United Nations University RDA to EAA content ranged between 1.35 (phenylalanine + tyrosine) and 3.68 (leucine), with a mean ± SD value of 2.72 ± 0.81. In a reference 70-kg subject, calculated NEAA usage for body protein replenishment ranged from 0.73 g/d for asparagine to 3.61 g/d for proline. Use of amino acid turnover data yielded similar results. Total NEAA usage for body protein replenishment was ∼19 g/d (45% of total NEAA intake), whereas ∼24 g/d was used for other routes. Conclusion This method may provide indirect minimum estimates of the usage of NEAAs for body protein replacement in humans.

scholarly journals COMPARISON OF AMINO ACIDS IN 8 DIFFERENT BOILED TROPICAL FRUITS

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
Radha Palaniswamy ◽  
Dhanyasri Selvaraj ◽  
Sandhiya Renganathan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Tropical Fruits ◽  
Good Balance

Objective: To determine the protein quality, especially the amino acid content of 8 tropical fruits both raw and boiled samples. Eight different tropical fruits were used in the study (Apricot, Jamun, Dragonfruit, Pomegranate, Mangustan, Litchi, Jackfruit, and Kiwi.Methods: Ninhydrin method was used for the estimation of the concentration of amino acids present in the above fruits. Raw and boiled fruits were used for the study.Results: Both raw and boiled forms which showed thats Jamun and Mangustan contained highest concentration amino acids whereas apricot shows the lowest concentration of amino acids except in Jamun which showed higher values in the raw fruit whereas in others the boiled samples showed higher values.Conclusion: It was evident that tropical fruits have a good balance of the essential amino acids (both raw and boiled fomr) which provide significant sources of protein in our diet.

Comparison of Interlaboratory Variation in Amino Acid Analysis and Rat Growth Assays for Evaluating Protein Quality

1985 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Sarwar ◽  
Robert Blair ◽  
Mendel Friedman ◽  
Michael R Gumbmann ◽  
Ross L Hackler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Analysis ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Quality Indices ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Rat Growth ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract Estimates of inter- and intralaboratory variation of protein efficiency ratio (PER), relative PER (RPER), net protein ratio (NPR), relative NPR (RNPR), and nitrogen utilization (NU) were compared with those of amino acid analysis in the same batches of 7 protein sources (ANRC casein, egg white solids, minced beef, soy assay protein, rapeseed protein concentrate, pea flour, and whole wheat flour). Interlaboratory variation (estimated as between-laboratories coefficients of variation, CV) of NPR and RNPR (up to 6.0%) was lower than that of PER (up to 20.2%) and RPER (up to 18.5%). The interlaboratory determination of NPR and RNPR was also more reproducible than that of most essential amino acids (CV up to 10.0%), especially tryptophan (CV up to 23.7%), cystine (CV up to 17.6%), and methionine (CV up to 16.1%). Intralaboratory variation (estimated as within-laboratories CV) of amino acid analysis (up to 4.7%), however, was comparable to that of protein quality indices in most protein sources (up to 6.0%). The significant (P &lt;0.01) positive correlations (r = 0.68-0.74) between amino acid scores and protein quality indices based on rat growth were further improved when amino acid scores were corrected for digestibility of protein (r = 0.73-0.78) or individual amino acids (r = 0.79- 0.82).

Formulation and efficacy study of metabolic syndrome-specific ingredient mix

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 272-284
Author(s):  
Neetu Miglani ◽  
Kiran Bains ◽  
Simranpreet Kaur Bhathal
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Whole Wheat Flour ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Whole Wheat

Purpose The study aims to design metabolic syndrome (MetS) ingredient mix with optimum amino acid makeup using key foods with reported functional properties and study the efficacy of this mix to alleviate the symptoms of MetS among adult men and women with MetS. Design/methodology/approach In total, 25 MetS-specific ingredient mixes that included wheat flour, common legumes, fenugreek and flaxseeds were formulated by correcting their amino acid score. The suitability of these mixes was tested for the preparation of chapati (an unleavened Indian bread). Owing to its highest lysine content, the ingredient mix of whole wheat flour, oat flour, soybean, flaxseeds and fenugreek seeds was selected for the 12-week supplementation trial among patients with MetS. Findings The sensory scores of chapatis made using nine ingredient mixes was comparable with those of chapati made from whole wheat flour (control). The test chapatis had a significantly (p = 0.05) higher protein, ash, fibre and fat content, and lysine was also higher (591-1,006 mg/100 g) than the control chapatis (314 mg). Positive and significant changes in the anthropometry, body composition, fasting blood glucose levels, blood pressure and lipid profile of the patients with MS was seen after consumption of the selected ingredient mix. Originality/value Keeping in view the traditional vegetarian Indian meals which usually take care of including foods from different sources to improve their protein quality, the concern for providing protein quality to prevent metabolic abnormalities is significant for a large lacto-vegetarian population in India which depends on plant foods for obtaining essential amino acids. Obtaining optimum protein quality from meals along with maintaining a physically active lifestyle may help people have the appropriate fat to lean mass proportion which may have a protective role against MetS.

scholarly journals Advantages and limitations of the protein digestibility-corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS) as a method for evaluating protein quality in human diets

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S333-S336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gertjan Schaafsma
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Biological Efficiency ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Reference Pattern ◽  
Plant Protein Sources

PDCAAS is a widely used assay for evaluating protein quality. It is a chemical score, which is derived from the ratio between the first limiting amino acid in a test protein and the corresponding amino acid in a reference amino acid pattern and corrected for true faecal N digestibility. Chemical scores exceeding 100 % are truncated to 100 %. The advantages of the PDCAAS are its simplicity and direct relationship to human protein requirements. The limitations are as follows: the reference pattern is based on the minimum amino acid requirements for tissue growth and maintenance and does not necessarily reflect the optimum intake. Truncated PDCAAS of high-quality proteins do not give any information about the power of these proteins to compensate, as a supplement, for low levels of dietary essential amino acids in low-quality proteins. It is likely that faecal N digestibility does not take into account the loss from the colon of indispensable amino acids that were not absorbed in the ileum. Anti-nutritional factors, such as lectins and trypsin inhibitors, in several plant protein sources can cause heightened endogenous losses of amino acids, an issue which is particularly relevant in animal feedstuffs. The assumption that amino acid supplementation can completely restore biological efficiency of the protein source is incorrect since the kinetics of digestion and absorption between supplemented free amino acids and amino acids present in dietary proteins, are different.

scholarly journals Available lysine and digestible amino acid contents of proteinaceous foods of India

2012 ◽  
Vol 108 (S2) ◽  
pp. S59-S68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shane M. Rutherfurd ◽  
Kiran Bains ◽  
Paul J. Moughan
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Available Lysine ◽  
Amino Acid Contents ◽  
Sulphur Amino Acids ◽  
Prepared Food

Cereals and legumes are staple foods in India and are limiting in lysine and sulphur amino acids, respectively. Available lysine loss, due to Maillard-type reactions that may occur during food preparation, exacerbates the problem of lysine deficiency particularly in cereals. Consequently, determining the contents of digestible essential amino acids, particularly lysine, is important. True ileal digestibilities of most amino acids (including total and reactive lysine) were determined for ten food ingredients and eleven foods commonly consumed in India. Semi-synthetic diets each containing either an ingredient or the prepared food as the sole protein source were formulated to contain 100 g kg− 1protein (75 g kg− 1for rice-based diets) and fed to growing rats. Titanium dioxide was included as an indigestible marker. Digesta were collected and the amino acid content (including reactive lysine) of diets and ileal digesta determined. Available (digestible reactive) lysine content ranged from 1·9–15·4 g kg− 1and 1·8–12·7 g kg− 1across the ingredients and prepared foods respectively. True ileal amino acid digestibility varied widely both across ingredients and prepared foods for each amino acid (on average 60–92 %) and across amino acids within each ingredient and prepared food (overall digestibility 31–96 %). Amino acid digestibility was low for many of the ingredients and prepared foods and consequently digestibility must be considered when assessing the protein quality of poorer quality foods. Given commonly encountered daily energy intakes for members of the Indian population, it is estimated that lysine is limiting for adults in many Indian diets.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Protein Level and Amino Acid Profile in Eels (Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor) of Lake Poso -

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Jamaluddin ◽  
Nur Atina ◽  
Yonelian Yuyun
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Anguilla Marmorata ◽  
Two Samples

In this study used a sample of eel fish species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor from Poso lake that has a high protein content and is a fish endemic to Central Sulawesi. These eels are consumed by the surrounding community of the lake, but the nutritional content remains unknown. The present research was aimed to determine the protein level and amino acid profile of Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels. The protein level testing used Kjeldahl method, and amino acid profile used High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The results demonstrate the protein level of the two samples Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard eels have a protein content of 41.84% and Anguilla bicoloreels at 33.75%. Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor eels contain 18 types of amino acid, comprised of 9 types of essential amino acids and 9 types of non-essential amino acids. Of the two samples of eel species Anguilla marmorata (Q.) Gaimard and Anguilla bicolor, have complete protein quality because it has all kinds of essential amino acids.

Assessment of Seed Protein Quality of A Transgenic Chickpea Event Expressing Cry2Aa Protein

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bidyut Kumar Sarmah ◽  
Rubi Gupta ◽  
Sumita Acharjee
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Protein Quality ◽  
Seed Storage Protein ◽  
Protein Profile ◽  
Seed Storage ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Factors Affecting

Background: Evaluation of the nutritional composition of genetically modified (GM) crops is mandatory for their deregulation. Chickpea is known for its high-quality protein and demonstrating that the seed protein quality of transgenic chickpea remains unaltered is important for its acceptance. Amino acid content, seed storage protein profile and the digestibility of chickpea protein are important determinants of seed protein quality. Thus, in the present study, we assessed the effect of Bt (Cry2Aa) gene expression on the Bt chickpea seed protein quality. Methods: We assessed the amino acid profile, in vitro protein digestibility and factors affecting protein digestibility like trypsin inhibitor, tannins and phytic acid contents of the transgenic Bt chickpea expressing a codon modified Cry2Aa gene and its non-transgenic counterpart. Furthermore, the seed storage proteins were also fractionated and separated on SDS-PAGE followed by mass spectroscopy of the major peptides. Result: Amino acid profile and factors affecting protein digestibility revealed no significant variations between transgenic and non-transgenic chickpeas. Seed storage protein profile confirmed the presence of legumin, vicilin and albumin. No potential change in the digestibility pattern of seed proteins was revealed. Our findings suggest no potential unintended changes in chickpea seed protein quality due to the expression of Cry2Aa gene.

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