scholarly journals Is exclusive breastfeeding an option or a necessity in Africa? A pooled study using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Mulol ◽  
Anna Coutsoudis ◽  
Waliou Amoussa Hounkpatin ◽  
Elisaphinate Urio ◽  
Philomène Kenguela Wabolou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Oral Intake ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Maternal Recall

Given the valuable health, development, and economic benefits of human milk exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) is recommended by the World Health Organisation for the first six months of an infant’s life. Many resource-limited regions in Africa do not line-up with these recommendations therefore EBF promotion efforts on the continent need to be scaled up and monitored. This study explores the human milk intake volumes of 5 countries (Benin, Central African Republic, Morocco, South Africa and Tanzania) both at country level and in a pooled sample at 3 months (n= 355) and at 6 months (n=193). Mean human milk intake volumes in the pooled samples were 697.6 g/day at 3 months and 714.9 g/day at 6 months. EBF was determined both by maternal recall as well as using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique using two different cut-offs of non-milk oral intake. Comparison of these results showed substantial over-reporting of EBF by maternal recall, which suggests that actual rates of EBF are even lower than reported thus highlighting the importance of scaling-up EBF promotion strategies.

scholarly journals Assessing Breastfeeding Practices Objectively Using Stable Isotope Techniques

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-113
Author(s):  
Christine Slater ◽  
Pernille Kaestel ◽  
Lisa Houghton
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Compartmental Model ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Population Level ◽  
World Health ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Breastfeeding Practices ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Lactating Mothers ◽  
Health Organization

An objective method of assessing breastfeeding practices is required to evaluate progress toward the World Health Organization Global Target 2025: to increase exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) rates in the first 6 months to at least 50% by 2025. Currently, assessment of EBF at the population level is based on mother or caregiver reporting, which risks recall and social desirability bias. A more objective method is the deuterium oxide dose to mother (DTM) technique, in which lactating mothers are given a small amount of deuterium-labeled water. The infant receives deuterium during breastfeeding, and a compartmental model is used to determine the amount of human milk consumed by the infant, and the exclusivity of breastfeeding practices. If the amount of human milk consumed by an infant is determined using the DTM technique and the concentration of nutritional components or potentially toxic contaminants is measured, then the infant’s intake of essential nutrients or environmental contaminants can be ascertained.

scholarly journals An analysis of 1999 world health organisation (WHO) guidelines for drug donations for better donation practice in emergency situations

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56
Author(s):  
Joep Ahmed Djojodibroto ◽  
Reinhard Huss
Keyword(s):  
World Health Organisation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Who Guidelines ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Health Policy Analysis ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
2004 Tsunami ◽  
Drug Donations

In disasters and emergency situations, a lot of drug and medical supplies comes to the affected area from local or international donors. But, those donations often generate more problems for the recipients. The WHO and major humanitarian organisations developed WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations in 1996. The guidelines based on four core principles which are all donation should benefit the recipient, respect for wishes and authority of the recipient, there should not be a double standard in quality, and effective communication between donor and recipient. The guidelines influenced positively to drug donation practices for several years until 2004. The drug donation practices during 2004 tsunami relief in Sri Lanka and Aceh (Indonesia) showed that the compliance with WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations was low. This study aim was to strengthen the effectiveness of WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations in disaster and emergency situations. While the objectives are to explore the strength and weakness of the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations and to recommend how to improve the effectiveness of drug donations. In this study, the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations were analysed using the model of health policy analysis from Walt and Gilson, which is specifically used for analysing health policies. The framework is viewed as a tool to describe the interactions and interconnections systems between content, context, process and groups of actors. The author concludes that presence of donation operator team for drug donations is needed during the emergency situations and it should be stated in the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations. The WHO needs to encourage donors and recipients to refer to WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations when they are making their own guidelines. The guidelines can be strengthened at country level and adjusted to regulations in the countries. The WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations should state that donations are preferred in form of New Emergency Health Kit (NEHK) or cash donations, and the necessity of information and communication centre in the WHO Guidelines for Drug Donations.

scholarly journals Barrier and facilitator on breastfeeding education and promotion: A literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 320
Author(s):  
Lina Handayani ◽  
Maya Kusuma Dewi ◽  
Lafi Munira
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Study Finding ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
World Health ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Breastfeeding Promotion ◽  
Health Organization

Breast milk contains many nutrients according to the needs of the baby for growth and development. Breast milk is very important for the health and well-being of infants. The world health organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding mothers for six months starting from the baby's first life and continuing until the age of two. Breastfeeding can provide economic benefits for the family and community. This study aimed to explore the barrier and facilitator on breastfeeding promotion and education. This study was literature study. This study finding that support from the baby's father is needed as a strong decision exclusively breastfeeding mothers. Pediatricians and midwives have an important role to support in providing exclusive breastfeeding from mothers and infants. Mothers who work full time find it very difficult to care for their babies exclusively. The workplace can be a barrier for mothers to care for and provide exclusive breastfeeding. Breastfeeding competency-based training is needed as a more optimal promotion of exclusive breastfeeding. Promotion of breastfeeding can increase the duration and exclusivity of breastfeeding. Knowledge promotes breastfeeding can increase the chances of successful breastfeeding and improve baby's health. An important role in the successful promotion of breastfeeding is the quality of knowledge and support for exclusive breastfeeding.

Human Milk Intake of Thai Breastfed Infants During the First 6 Months Using the Dose-to-Mother Deuterium Dilution Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-354
Author(s):  
Wanabhorn Tongchom ◽  
Tippawan Pongcharoen ◽  
Kunchit Judprasong ◽  
Emorn Udomkesmalee ◽  
Wantanee Kriengsinyos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Infant Formula ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Distributed Data ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Breastfed Infants ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Normally Distributed

Background: Data on infant human milk intakes in low- and middle-income countries are limited, although the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother method (DTM) is an accurate tool for its estimation. Objective: We assessed human milk intakes of Thai infants during the first 6 months comparing exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), predominant breastfeeding (PBF), and partial breastfeeding (PartBF). Methods: One hundred and ten healthy Thai lactating mother–infant pairs were followed from birth. Human milk intakes were determined at 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months using the DTM method. Daily energy and protein intakes were assessed using 3-day nonconsecutive 24-hour recalls. Sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a questionnaire. To compare breastfeeding practices, one-way analysis of variance with Tukey post hoc test assessed normally distributed data, while the Kruskal-Wallis test with Mann-Whitney U test was used for not normally distributed data. Results: No difference existed in human milk intakes during the first 6 months between EBF (743-776 g/d) and PBF (748-862 g/d). Human milk intakes of PartBF infants were significantly lower compared to other infants. Human milk intake was sufficient to meet infant energy and protein requirements during the first 3 months for EBF and PBF groups. Infant formula largely replaced human milk during the first 3 months; other solid foods were also introduced among the PartBF infants. Conclusions: Human milk intakes were comparable between EBF and PBF infants during the first 6 months and provided adequate energy and protein to meet requirements. Infant formula largely replaced breast milk among PartBF infants, although other foods were also given early. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04020640.

Human-milk intake measured by administration of deuterium oxide to the mother: a comparison with the test-weighing technique

1988 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
N F Butte ◽  
W W Wong ◽  
B W Patterson ◽  
C Garza ◽  
P D Klein
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Milk Intake

scholarly journals The Effect of “Insufficient Milk Supply” Concept Intervention on Mother's Perception of Breast Milk Production

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 71
Author(s):  
Mekar Dwi Anggraeni ◽  
Lutfatul Latifah ◽  
Ima Rismawati
Keyword(s):  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Intervention Program ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
World Health Organisation ◽  
T Test ◽  
World Health ◽  
Milk Supply ◽  
Breast Milk Production ◽  
Breastfeeding Rate ◽  
Insufficient Milk

Background: World Health Organisation (WHO) recommends every mother to provide exclusive breastfeeding for their infants because of its benefits. However the exclusive breastfeeding rate in Indonesia was only 35%in 2013. One of the main factors affecting low exclusive breastfeeding rate was maternal perception of having low breastmilk supply. There were no previous studies examining the effect of "Insufficient Milk Supply" concept intervention on mother’s perception of low breastmilk production. This research was an innovation in nursing.Aim: To investigate the effect of intervention program based on “Insufficient Milk Supply” concept on mother’s perception of low breastmilk supply.Methods: This study was a quasy experiment pretest-posttest. Postpartum mothers were provided an intervention using a module based on the concept of "Insufficient Milk Supply". The perception of breastmilk production was measured using the Nine-items of Lactation Scale. Data were analyzed using independent t test and paired t test.Results: The t test assumptions were examined and yielded that the data were normally distributed and the variances were homogeneous. The results showed there were significant differences between the scores of pre- and post-test in the intervention group (t = -9,03, p < 0.001).Conclusion: This study offers evidence that Insufficient Milk Supply can be used in nursing practice as a concept to improve the perception of the mother's breastmilk supply.

scholarly journals Assessment of Human Milk Intake by Breastfed Infants Using Deuterium Oxide Dose-to-Mother Technique in “Tumbuh Kembang Anak” Cohort, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
E.K. Winarno ◽  
H. Winarno ◽  
S Susanto ◽  
T. Fajarwati ◽  
T. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
Breastfed Infants

scholarly journals Nutritional status and human milk intake of exclusively breast-fed infants at high altitude in La Paz, Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 158-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Urteaga ◽  
José Luis San Miguel ◽  
Ana María Aguilar ◽  
Maruska Muñoz ◽  
Christine Slater
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Milk Intake ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Breast Fed

AbstractBreast-feeding habits are related to the nutritional status and the risk of illness and death in children under 2 years of age. For the first 6 months, infants should be exclusively breast-fed. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the infant’s nutritional status and human milk intake by breast-fed infants at high altitude. A quantitative, descriptive, correlational study was conducted including mother/baby pairs of infants aged 2–6 months. The amount of human milk consumed by the infants was assessed by the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. The lipid content of human milk was measured by creamatocrit, and anthropometric measurements were performed. A total of eighteen mother/baby pairs were assessed. The mean human milk intake was 888 (sd 149) g/d, and the intake of water from other sources was 24·3 (sd 29·8) g/d. The lipid content in human milk was 41 (sd 12) g/l. The infant’s nutritional indicators were normal in all cases. A moderate positive correlation was found between milk volume and z scores weight-for-length r 0·58 (P=0·01), BMI-for-age r 0·56 (P=0·01) and weight-for-age r 0·45 (P=0·05). There was no correlation with length-for-age z score. The mean of breast milk intake in this study was similar to that found in other studies in the world. The lipid content is comparable to similar studies and was within the normal range. Children older than 3 months showed signs of stunting despite adequate volume and lipid content of breast milk.

scholarly journals Effects of Breastfeeding on Maternal Body Composition in Moroccan Lactating Women during Twelve Months after Birth Using Stable Isotopic Dilution Technique

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Baha Rabi ◽  
Kaoutar Benjeddou ◽  
Mohamed Idrissi ◽  
Anass Rami ◽  
Bouchera Mekkaoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Exclusive Breastfeeding ◽  
Deuterium Oxide ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Isotopic Dilution ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Postpartum Weight

Background: Exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months of an infant’s life is an important factor for their optimal growth and health. Breastfeeding also has maternal benefits and can assist with postpartum weight loss. As shown by previous studies, postpartum weight retention can contribute to obesity. Objective: To quantify the human milk and evaluate the effect of breastfeeding on maternal weight loss during the 12 months postpartum. Method: This study included 70-mother–baby pairs. Infants’ intake of human milk and water from other sources, as well as the body composition of the mothers, were measured at the 1st, 3rd, 6th, 9th and 12th month postpartum by using the deuterium oxide dose-to-mother technique. Results: There was a significant change in the mothers’ body composition between the first and twelfth months in exclusive breastfeeding women compared to not-exclusive ones. Similarly, the difference between the quantities of human milk intake was highly significant in exclusive breastfeeding women compared to women who were not exclusively breastfeeding. Conclusion: Our results showed that exclusive breastfeeding for twelve months has a significant effect on postpartum weight loss among Moroccan women and that it is an effective way to control overweight and obesity among lactating women.

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