scholarly journals Metformin - its anti-cancer effects in hematologic malignancies

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Podhorecka
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Hematological Disorders ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Great Progress ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Effective Drugs

The main anti-diabetic effect of metformin mediated through stimulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis and triggering glucose uptake in skeletal muscles. Additionally, some new pathways, besides the AMPK activation, were discovered, that can explain wide-range properties of metformin. All these properties are now attracting the attention of researchers in the fields other than diabetes and the drug has been reported to have anti-cancer, immunoregulatory and anti-aging effects. Among others, the beneficial effects of metformin in hematological disorders like leukemias, lymphomas, and multiple myeloma were reported. Despite a great progress in therapy, these diseases are still incurable in most cases. Thus, there is an urgent need to discover novel, less toxic and more effective drugs especially for older or chemotherapy-resistant patients. In this review article, the current findings on the anti-cancer effect of metformin together with underlying possible mechanisms in blood cancers are discussed. However. to evaluate precisely these promising effects of metformin, more studies are required, because many of the published results are preclinical.

scholarly journals Metformin – its potential anti-cancer and anti-aging effects

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Podhorecka ◽  
Blanca Ibanez ◽  
Anna Dmoszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Stress ◽  
Glucose Deprivation ◽  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Aging Properties ◽  
Treatment Of Diabetes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

The generally accepted mechanism of metformin’s effect is stimulation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). AMPK is directly activated by an increase in AMP:ATP ratio in metabolic stress conditions including hypoxia and glucose deprivation. Lately, many novel pathways, besides AMPK induction, have been revealed, which can explain some of metformin’s beneficial effects. It may help to identify new targets for treatment of diabetes and metabolic syndrome. Moreover, metformin is now attracting the attention of researchers in fields other than diabetes, as it has been shown to have anti-cancer, immunoregulatory and anti-aging effects. The aim of this review is to describe the potential anti-cancer and anti-aging properties of metformin and discuss the possible underlying mechanisms.

scholarly journals Herba houttuyniae Extract Benefits Hyperlipidemic Mice via Activation of the AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 Cascade

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
Ke Cao ◽  
Weiqiang Lv ◽  
Xuyun Liu ◽  
Yingying Fan ◽  
Kexin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Monophosphate ◽  
Poloxamer 407 ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Complex Activities

Hyperlipidemia is associated with metabolic disorders, but the detailed mechanisms and related interventions remain largely unclear. As a functional food in Asian diets, Herba houttuyniae has been reported to have beneficial effects on health. The present research was to investigate the protective effects of Herba houttuyniae aqueous extract (HAE) on hyperlipidemia-induced liver and heart impairments and its potential mechanisms. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered with 200 or 400 mg/kg/day HAE for 9 days, followed by intraperitoneal injection with 0.5 g/kg poloxamer 407 to induce acute hyperlipidemia. HAE treatment significantly attenuated excessive serum lipids and tissue damage markers, prevented hepatic lipid deposition, improved cardiac remodeling, and ameliorated hepatic and cardiac oxidative stress induced by hyperlipidemia. More importantly, NF-E2 related factor (Nrf2)-mediated antioxidant and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α)-mediated mitochondrial biogenesis pathways as well as mitochondrial complex activities were downregulated in the hyperlipidemic mouse livers and hearts, which may be attributable to the loss of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activity: all of these changes were reversed by HAE supplementation. Our findings link the AMPK/PGC-1α/Nrf2 cascade to hyperlipidemia-induced liver and heart impairments and demonstrate the protective effect of HAE as an AMPK activator in the prevention of hyperlipidemia-related diseases.

scholarly journals Jasmonate Compounds and Their Derivatives in the Regulation of the Neoplastic Processes

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2901
Author(s):  
Iwona Jarocka-Karpowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Markowska
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Aging Effects ◽  
Neoplastic Processes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Relationship Of

Cancer is a serious problem in modern medicine, mainly due to the insufficient effectiveness of currently available therapies. There is a particular interest in compounds of natural origin, which can be used in the prophylaxis, as well as in the treatment and support of cancer treatment. One such compound is jasmonic acid (3-oxo-2-(pent-2’-enyl)cyclopentane acetic acid; isolated active form: trans-(-)-(3R,7R)- and cis-(+)-(3R,7S)-jasmonic acid) and its derivatives, which, due to their wide range of biological activities, are also proposed as potential therapeutic agents. Therefore, a review of literature data on the biological activity of jasmonates was prepared, with particular emphasis on the mechanisms of jasmonate action in neoplastic diseases. The anti-tumor activity of jasmonate compounds is based on altered cellular ATP levels; induction of re-differentiation through the action of Mitogen Activated Protein Kinases (MAPKs); the induction of the apoptosis by reactive oxygen species. Jasmonates can be used in anti-cancer therapy in combination with other known drugs, such as cisplatin, paclitaxel or doxorubicin, showing a synergistic effect. The structure–activity relationship of novel jasmonate derivatives with anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory and anti-aging effects is also shown.

scholarly journals The Beneficial Effects of Principal Polyphenols from Green Tea, Coffee, Wine, and Curry on Obesity

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 453
Author(s):  
Tomokazu Ohishi ◽  
Ryuuta Fukutomi ◽  
Yutaka Shoji ◽  
Shingo Goto ◽  
Mamoru Isemura
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Epigallocatechin Gallate ◽  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Amp Activated Protein Kinase

Several epidemiological studies and clinical trials have reported the beneficial effects of green tea, coffee, wine, and curry on human health, with its anti-obesity, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and neuroprotective properties. These effects, which have been supported using cell-based and animal studies, are mainly attributed to epigallocatechin gallate found in green tea, chlorogenic acid in coffee, resveratrol in wine, and curcumin in curry. Polyphenols are proposed to function via various mechanisms, the most important of which is related to reactive oxygen species (ROS). These polyphenols exert conflicting dual actions as anti- and pro-oxidants. Their anti-oxidative actions help scavenge ROS and downregulate nuclear factor-κB to produce favorable anti-inflammatory effects. Meanwhile, pro-oxidant actions appear to promote ROS generation leading to the activation of 5′-AMP-activated protein kinase, which modulates different enzymes and factors with health beneficial roles. Currently, it remains unclear how these polyphenols exert either pro- or anti-oxidant effects. Similarly, several human studies showed no beneficial effects of these foods, and, by extension polyphenols, on obesity. These inconsistencies may be attributed to different confounding study factors. Thus, this review provides a state-of-the-art update on these foods and their principal polyphenol components, with an assumption that it prevents obesity.

scholarly journals Astaxanthin enhances erlotinib-induced cytotoxicity by p38 MAPK mediated xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group C (XPC) down-regulation in human lung cancer cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 1247-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyh-Cheng Chen ◽  
Chia-Hung Wu ◽  
Yi-Shuan Peng ◽  
Hao-Yu Zheng ◽  
Yuan-Cheng Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Xeroderma Pigmentosum ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Complementation Group ◽  
Human Lung Cancer ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Human Lung Cancer Cells

Astaxanthin has been demonstrated to exhibit a wide range of beneficial effects that include anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties.

scholarly journals Molecular-Level Understanding of the Anticancer Action Mechanism of Anthracyclines

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manish Shandilya ◽  
Shrutika Sharma ◽  
Prabhu Prasad Das ◽  
Sonika Charak
Keyword(s):  
Dna Replication ◽  
Nucleic Acid ◽  
Molecular Mechanism ◽  
Conformational Changes ◽  
Cytotoxic Effect ◽  
Action Mechanism ◽  
Rational Drug ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Effective Drugs

Anthracyclines drugs are used as a treatment regime to combat cancer owing to their great chemotherapeutic potential. They are characterized by the presence of a wide range of derivatives, the most famous are doxorubicin and daunorubicin. The proposed action mechanism of anthracyclines and their derivatives to exert cytotoxic effect involves the intercalation of the drug molecule into nucleic acid and inhibition of the activity of topoisomerases. These events consequences in halting DNA replication and transcription mechanisms of the cell. Understanding of the structural and conformational changes associated with nucleic acid after binding with drugs provides significant knowledge for the development of more effective drugs. A comprehensive elucidation of the molecular mechanism(s) of action of anthracyclines drugs plays a significant role in the rational drug designing to obtain an effective, selective, and safe anti-cancer drugs.

scholarly journals Clinical trials of resveratrol efficacy and safety

2021 ◽  
pp. 6-6
Author(s):  
Veljko Cucuz ◽  
Jelena Cvejic ◽  
Ljiljana Gojkovic-Bukarica
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Cancer Activity

Trans-resveratrol is a phytoalexin from the stilbene class, polyphenolic compound from non-flavonoid group. In vitro and animal studies have shown that trans-resveratrol may exert a wide range of potential beneficial effects to human health, which involves antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer activity. The objective of this paper was to summarize available data concerning the most important clinical trials focused on resveratrol biological effects. The results of clinical trials indicate that resveratrol has potential cardioprotective activity in patients with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. It can also have positive effect on the circulatory function and exert anti-diabetic activity in humans, while the anti-cancer activity is still insufficiently tested. Some issues remain unsolved, such as the dose and length of treatment that would maximize the potential of resveratrol. It is expected that future, better designed and more extensive clinical trials will provide additional information related to this topic.

Transcending Time and Space with Digital Emotional Support

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler Colasante ◽  
Lauren Lin ◽  
Kalee DeFrance ◽  
Tom Hollenstein
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Support ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Good News ◽  
Social Avoidance ◽  
Time And Space ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Socially Isolated

In the current digital age, emotional support is increasingly received through digital devices. However, virtually all studies assessing the benefits of emotional support have focused on in-person support. Using an experience sampling methodology, we assessed participants’ negative emotions, digital and in-person support for those emotions, and success in regulating them three times per day for 14 days, thus covering a wide range of digital support scenarios (N = 164 participants with 6,530 collective measurement occasions). We also considered whether participants were alone versus with others at the time of their negative emotion and higher versus lower in social avoidance as plausible moderators of when digital support was utilized and effective. We expected more pronounced use and efficacy of digital support when participants were alone and higher in trait social avoidance. However, digital support was used and perceived as effective for regulating negative emotions regardless of these factors and its beneficial effects were on par with those of traditional in-person support. The unique benefits of digital support may not be restricted to socially isolated or socially avoidant users. These findings are timely given the widespread anxiety and isolation under the current COVID-19 pandemic. If transcending time and space with digital emotional support is the new norm, the good news is that it seems to be working.

Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Aspects of the Genus Berberis Linn: A Comprehensive Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roohi Mohi-ud-din ◽  
Reyaz Hassan Mir ◽  
Prince Ahad Mir ◽  
Saeema Farooq ◽  
Syed Naiem Raza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Traditional Use ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Comprehensive Survey ◽  
Ethnomedicinal Uses

Background: Genus Berberis (family Berberidaceae), which contains about 650 species and 17 genera worldwide, has been used in folklore and various traditional medicine systems. Berberis Linn. is the most established group among genera with around 450-500 species across the world. This comprehensive review will not only help researchers for further evaluation but also provide substantial information for future exploitation of species to develop novel herbal formulations. Objective: The present review is focussed to summarize and collect the updated review of information of Genus Berberis species reported to date regarding their ethnomedicinal information, chemical constituents, traditional/folklore use, and reported pharmacological activities on more than 40 species of Berberis. Conclusion: A comprehensive survey of the literature reveals that various species of the genus possess various phytoconstituents mainly alkaloids, flavonoid based compounds isolated from different parts of a plant with a wide range of pharmacological activities. So far, many pharmacological activities like anti-cancer, anti-hyperlipidemic, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory both in vitro & in vivo and clinical study of different extracts/isolated compounds of different species of Berberis have been reported, proving their importance as a medicinal plant and claiming their traditional use.

Effects of Minor Compounds of Edible Oils on Human Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1196-1208
Author(s):  
Ramin Ghodsi ◽  
Rahmat Nosrati
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
Edible Oils ◽  
Food Groups ◽  
Bioactive Constituents ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Minor Compounds ◽  
Anti Inflammation

Background: Oils and fats are the densest sources of food energy among food groups. Vegetable oils are constituted predominantly of triglycerides. Due to the importance of edible oils in nutrition, food industry and human health, great attention has been paid to them in recent years. Some minor bioactive constituents in oils include phospholipids, tocols, sterols, carotenoid, chlorophyll, phenols, phylokynon and terpenes. Objective: The aim of the present study was to examine beneficial effects of minor compounds in edible oils on human health. Results: Minor compounds of edible oils that we use daily can produce remarkable results in the prevention and treatment of various diseases like diabetes, inflammation, hypertension, cancer, allergy and central nervous system disorders due to their antimicrobial, anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammation, anti-mutagenic, hypolipidemic, and hypoglycemic properties, among others. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the presence of beneficial minor compounds in oils could have significant impact on the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Therefore, the type of consumed oil can play an important role in human health.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document