RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY PARTICIPATION AND RECOVERY OUTCOMES IN COLLEGE-AGED ADULTS WITH A CONCUSSION

ABSTRACT Context: Previously, the most common treatment for a concussion was prolonged physical and cognitive rest. Recent research suggests that earlier physical activity (PA) may be better at promoting recovery. Research has not evaluated the relationship between free-living PA (e.g., walking) and symptom reporting or recovery duration. Objective: To assess the relationship between free-living physical activity (PA) participation and two recovery outcomes in college-aged adults with a concussion. Design: Prospective Cohort Setting: Division 1 & 3 Universities Participants: Thirty-two college-aged adults (68.8% female, age: 19.8±1.4) with a concussion. Main Outcome Measures: Participants completed a post-concussion symptom evaluation at visits 1 (<72 hours from concussion) and 2 (8 days later). Between visits, participants' PA was monitored using an Actigraph GT9X Link PA monitor and expressed as total PA (counts per minute) and percent time of PA spent in moderate-to-vigorous intensity (%MVPA). Recovery time was the number of days from injury occurrence to medical clearance. Separate hierarchical multiple regressions evaluated the relationship between total PA and each recovery variable (visit 2 symptom severity, recovery time). Additionally, separate exploratory hierarchical multiple regressions evaluated the relationship between %MVPA and each recovery variable. Statistical significance was set a priori at p ≤ .05. Results: Participants averaged 2446±441 counts per minute and spent 12.1±4.2% of their PA performing MVPA. Participants yielded median symptom severities of 28[24] and 2[8] for visit 1 and 2, respectively. Average recovery time was 14.7±7.5 days. Total PA did not significantly contribute to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (p=.122) or recovery time (p=.301). Similarly, %MVPA had little contribution to the model for visit 2 symptom severity (p=.358) or recovery time (p=.276). Conclusion: Results suggest that free-living PA may not be enough to reduce symptoms or shorten recovery. Thus, clinicians may need to provide patients with more structured PA protocols mimicking previous research.

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Objective measurement of physical activity in Macaca fascicularis

Laboratory Animals ◽

10.1258/002367782780891769 ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 240-243

Author(s):

Wayne T. Corbett ◽

Harry M. Schey ◽

A. W. Green

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Macaca Fascicularis ◽

Living Environment ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Free Living ◽

Activity Measurements ◽

Active Intermediate ◽

The Mean ◽

The Relationship

The mean and standard deviation over 24 h for 3 groups of animals - active, intermediate and inactive - in physical activity units were 10948 ± 3360, 2611 ± 1973 and 484 ± 316 respectively. The differences were significant ( P = 0·004), demonstrating the ability of the method to distinguish between groups that can be visibly differentiated. The small within-animal physical activity standard deviation (18·85 PAU) obtained in another group, suggests that it also yields reliable physical activity measurements for non-human primates. The monitoring device used can discriminate between individual nonhuman primate physical activity levels in a free-living environment and does not alter daily behaviour. This makes possible the study of the relationship between physical activity and atherosclerosis in nonhuman primates.

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Identifying Strategies Programs Adopt to Meet Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Standards in Afterschool Programs

Health Education & Behavior ◽

10.1177/1090198116676252 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (4) ◽

pp. 536-547 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Robert G. Weaver ◽

Justin B. Moore ◽

Brie Turner-McGrievy ◽

Ruth Saunders ◽

Aaron Beighle ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Healthy Eating ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

National Level ◽

Routine Practice ◽

Afterschool Programs ◽

Point Increase ◽

The Relationship

Background. The YMCA of USA has adopted Healthy Eating and Physical Activity (HEPA) Standards for its afterschool programs (ASPs). Little is known about strategies YMCA ASPs are implementing to achieve Standards and these strategies’ effectiveness. Aims. (1) Identify strategies implemented in YMCA ASPs and (2) evaluate the relationship between strategy implementation and meeting Standards. Method. HEPA was measured via accelerometer (moderate-to-vigorous-physical-activity [MVPA]) and direct observation (snacks served) in 20 ASPs. Strategies were identified and mapped onto a capacity building framework ( Strategies To Enhance Practice [STEPs]). Mixed-effects regression estimated increases in HEPA outcomes as implementation increased. Model-implied estimates were calculated for high (i.e., highest implementation score achieved), moderate (median implementation score across programs), and low (lowest implementation score achieved) implementation for both HEPA separately. Results. Programs implemented a variety of strategies identified in STEPs. For every 1-point increase in implementation score 1.45% (95% confidence interval = 0.33% to 2.55%, p ≤ .001) more girls accumulated 30 min/day of MVPA and fruits and/or vegetables were served on 0.11 more days (95% confidence interval = 0.11-0.45, p ≤ .01). Relationships between implementation and other HEPA outcomes did not reach statistical significance. Still regression estimates indicated that desserts are served on 1.94 fewer days (i.e., 0.40 vs. 2.34) in the highest implementing program than the lowest implementing program and water is served 0.73 more days (i.e., 2.37 vs. 1.64). Conclusions. Adopting HEPA Standards at the national level does not lead to changes in routine practice in all programs. Practical strategies that programs could adopt to more fully comply with the HEPA Standards are identified.

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A-31 Association Between Cognitive Activity and Recovery Outcomes in College Students Following Concussion

Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology ◽

10.1093/arclin/acaa036.31 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 35 (5) ◽

pp. 627-627

Author(s):

K M Petit ◽

A J Zynda ◽

M Anderson ◽

C P Tomczyk ◽

T Covassin

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Recovery Time ◽

Cognitive Activity ◽

Symptom Reporting ◽

Future Research ◽

Symptom Scale ◽

Post Injury ◽

Medical Clearance ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Objective To evaluate the relationship between self-reported cognitive activity and recovery outcomes (symptom reporting, recovery time) in college students following concussion. Method Cognitive activity was defined as self-reported minutes spent in class and studying during the first 5 days following concussion. Self-reported symptoms were reported at day 5 post-injury using the Post-Concussion Symptom Scale (PCSS). The PCSS evaluates 22 symptoms on a 7-point Likert Scale from 0 (none) to 6 (severe). Recovery time was defined as total days from injury to unrestricted medical clearance. Separate Spearman’s rank correlations assessed the relationship between total cognitive activity (minutes in class and studying) and recovery outcomes (symptom total (22), symptom severity (132), and recovery time). Alpha level set a priori at 0.05. Results Twenty-one participants (14 female, 7 male, 19.5 ± 1.3 years) averaged a total of 653[IQR = 348] minutes of cognitive activity during the first 5 days after concussion (334[IQR = 149] minutes in class, 273[IQR = 313] minutes studying). Five days after injury, participants self-reported 3[IQR = 8] total symptoms yielding a severity of 4[IQR = 12]. Participants took 15 [IQR = 8] days to reach unrestricted medical clearance. No associations were found between total cognitive load and any post-concussion recovery outcomes (symptom total: Rs = −.299, p = .19; symptom severity: Rs = −.230, p = .32; recovery time: Rs = −.041, p = .86). Conclusions Preliminary analyses suggest that concussed college students can be encouraged to gradually return to normal levels of cognitive activity, as it may not be associated with future symptom reporting or recovery time. Future research is needed to assess specific cognitive activities immediately influence on post-concussion symptom reporting.

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Objective Habitual Physical Activity and Estradiol Levels in Obese Latina Adolescents

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.10.5.727 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 727-733 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Lauren E. Gyllenhammer ◽

Amanda K. Vanni ◽

Courtney E. Byrd-Williams ◽

Marc Kalan ◽

Leslie Bernstein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Composition ◽

Sex Hormones ◽

A Priori ◽

Free Testosterone ◽

Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate ◽

Sex Hormone Binding Globulin ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Latina Adolescents ◽

Percent Time

Background:Lifetime physical activity (PA) is associated with decreased breast cancer (BC) risk; reports suggest that PA during adolescence contributes strongly to this relationship. PA lowers production of sex hormones, specifically estradiol, or decreases insulin resistance (IR), thereby lowering risk. Overweight Latina adolescents are insulin resistant and exhibit low levels of PA, potentially increasing their future BC risk.Methods:37 obese Latina adolescents (15.7 ± 1.1 yrs) provided measures of PA using accelerometry; plasma follicular phase estradiol, sex-hormone binding globulin, total and free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEAS); IR using HOMA-IR; and body composition via DEXA. Partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions assessed cross-sectional relationships between sex hormones, IR and PA. Body composition, and age were included a priori as covariates.Results:Estradiol was negatively associated with accelerometer counts per minute (CPM; r = −0.4; P = .02), percent time spent in moderate PA (%MPA; r = −0.5; P = .006), and percent time in moderate or vigorous PA (%MVPA; r = −0.5; P = .007). DHEAS was positively associated with CPM (r = .4, P = .009), %MPA (r = .3, P = .04), and %MVPA (r = .3, P = .04). Other sex hormones and IR were not associated with PA measures.Conclusion:This study is the first to show that higher habitual PA was inversely associated with estradiol in obese adolescents.

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The Relationship between Free-Living Daily Physical Activity and the Severity of Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease

Vascular Medicine ◽

10.1177/1358863x9700200402 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 2 (4) ◽

pp. 286-291 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Debra J Sieminski ◽

Andrew W Gardner

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Intermittent Claudication ◽

Peripheral Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Ankle Brachial Index ◽

Arterial Occlusive Disease ◽

Daily Physical Activity ◽

Occlusive Disease ◽

Free Living ◽

Peripheral Arterial ◽

The Relationship

The purposes of this study were to assess the magnitude of the reduction in free-living daily physical activity of claudicants compared with age-matched controls, and to examine the relationship between the severity of peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and free-living daily physical activity. Eighty-five PAOD patients with intermittent claudication and 59 non-PAOD subjects with a resting ankle/brachial index (ABI) of 0.63 ± 0.20 and 1.21 ± 0.08, respectively, were monitored for 2 consecutive weekdays with an accelerometer and pedometer worn on each hip. The times to onset and to maximal claudication pain were also measured in the claudicants during a graded treadmill test to assess the functional limitations imposed by PAOD. The PAOD group had a 42% lower energy expenditure as measured from the accelerometer (357 ± 238 kcal/day versus 616 ± 363 kcal/day; p < 0.001) and a 45% lower pedometer reading (4737 ± 2712 steps/day versus 8672 ± 4235 steps/day; p < 0.001) than the non-PAOD group. Furthermore, the relationship between free-living daily physical activity and ABI in PAOD patients was significant for both the accelerometer ( r = 0.41; p < 0.001) and the pedometer ( r = 0.41; p < 0.001). The rate of decline in free-living daily activity was 42 kcal/day and 612 steps/day per 0.10 drop in ABI. The correlation between free-living daily physical activity and time to maximal claudication pain (6:25 ± 3:30 min:s) in the PAOD group was significant for both the accelerometer ( r = 0.30; p = 0.05) and the pedometer ( r = 0.36; p = 0.03). However, the time to onset of claudication pain (3:02 ± 2:22 min:s) in the PAOD group was not related to either the accelerometer ( r = −0.02; p = 0.86) or the pedometer ( r = 0.18; p = 0.28) activity values. In conclusion, free-living daily physical activity was 42% to 45% lower in PAOD patients with intermittent claudication than in apparently healthy subjects of similar age. Moreover, claudicants were progressively more sedentary with an increase in PAOD severity.

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Evaluating Relationships Between Sleep and Next-Day Physical Activity in Young Women

Journal of Physical Activity and Health ◽

10.1123/jpah.2020-0014 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 874-880

Author(s):

Bruce W. Bailey ◽

Landon S. Deru ◽

William F. Christensen ◽

Andrew J. Stevens ◽

Stephen Tanner Ward ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Equation Model ◽

Driving Factor ◽

Adult Women ◽

Free Living ◽

Wake Time ◽

The Relationship ◽

Free Living Conditions

Background: To evaluate the relationship between sleep and next-day physical activity (PA) under free-living conditions in women. Methods: Sleep and PA were measured objectively for 7 consecutive days by accelerometry in 330 young adult women (aged 17–25 y). A structural equation model was used to evaluate the relationship between the driving factor of sleep (total sleep or morning wake time) and the amount of nonsleep sedentary (SED) and moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) each day. Results: With sleep duration as the driving factor, the estimates of βSED and βMVPA were −0.415 and −0.093, respectively (P ≤ .05). For every hour slept, a 24.9-minute reduction in SED time and a 5.58-minute reduction in MVPA were observed. With wake time as the driving factor, the estimates of βSED and βMVPA were −0.636 and −0.149, respectively. For every wake time that was 1 hour later, a 38.2-minute decrease in SED and a 8.9-minute decrease in MVPA (P ≤ .05) were observed. Conclusions: Women who wake later or who sleep longer tend to get less MVPA throughout the day. Getting up earlier and going to bed earlier may support behaviors that improve PA and lifestyle.

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IS VARIABILITY OF FREE-LIVING ACTIVITY ASSOCIATED WITH PHYSICAL AND MENTAL FATIGABILITY IN OLDER ADULTS?

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igz038.867 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. S233-S234

Author(s):

Jessica L Graves ◽

Robert T Krafty ◽

Jaroslaw Harezlak ◽

Eric J Shiroma ◽

Nancy W Glynn

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Older Adults ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Standard Deviation ◽

Rise Time ◽

Activity Patterns ◽

Relative Activity ◽

Energy Reserves ◽

Free Living ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Greater fatigability in older adults may be moderated by physical activity (PA). However, what features of PA timing are most strongly related to fatigability remains unknown. We examined the relationship between variability of free-living activity patterns and perceived physical and mental fatigability using the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS, 0-50pts, higher=greater fatigability) in older adults from the Developmental Epidemiologic Cohort Study (DECOS, n=57, age=70-91yrs, 61% female). We assessed PA using ActiGraph GT3X+ over 7 days. Mean activity, standard deviation (SD) of mean activity across days, and relative activity [(mean at each bin)/(total mean)] were calculated across 24-hours in 4-hour bins , adjusting for estimated rise-time. Lower SD of PA from 0-4 hours after rising was associated with greater PFS physical scores (r=-0.27, p=0.05). No measures of PA correlated with PFS mental scores. In older adults with lower physical fatigability, associations with greater variability in activity may indicate larger energy reserves.

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Relation of body composition to daily physical activity in free-living Japanese adult women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114511001358 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 106 (7) ◽

pp. 1117-1127 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Jonghoon Park ◽

Kazuko Ishikawa-Takata ◽

Shigeho Tanaka ◽

Yuki Hikihara ◽

Kazunori Ohkawara ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Vigorous Physical Activity ◽

Physical Activities ◽

Activity Level ◽

Fat Free Mass ◽

Adult Women ◽

Japanese Adult ◽

Free Living ◽

Daily Physical Activities ◽

The Relationship

The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between the indices of body size such as BMI, fat-free mass index (FFMI, FFM/height2), fat mass index (FMI, FM/height2), and body fat percentage (%BF), and physical activities assessed by the doubly-labelled water (DLW) method and an accelerometer in free-living Japanese adult women. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 100 female subjects ranging in age from 31 to 69 years. Subjects were classified in quartiles of BMI, FFMI, FMI and %BF. Daily walking steps and the duration of light to vigorous physical activity were simultaneously assessed by an accelerometer for the same period as the DLW experiment. Only physical activity-related energy expenditure (PAEE)/FFM and PAEE/body weight (BW) decreased in the highest quartile of BMI. Physical activity level, PAEE/FFM and PAEE/BW decreased in the highest quartile of FMI and %BF, whereas they were not different among quartiles of FFMI. Daily walking steps and the duration of moderate- and vigorous-intensity physical activities decreased or tended to decrease in the highest quartile of FMI and %BF, but did not differ among quartiles of FFMI and BMI. These results clearly showed that Japanese adult women with higher fat deposition obviously had a low level of physical activities assessed by both the DLW method and accelerometry, but those with larger BMI had lower PAEE/FFM and PAEE/BW only. Our data suggest that the relationship between obesity and daily physical activities should be discussed using not only BMI but also FMI or %BF.

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Measurement of Physical Activity by Shoe-Based Accelerometers—Calibration and Free-Living Validation

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21072333 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (7) ◽

pp. 2333

Author(s):

Jonatan Fridolfsson ◽

Daniel Arvidsson ◽

Stefan Grau

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Feasible Solution ◽

Laboratory Data ◽

Laboratory Setting ◽

Free Living ◽

Conflicting Evidence ◽

Calibration Models ◽

Workplace Setting ◽

The Relationship ◽

Sensor Positions

There is conflicting evidence regarding the health implications of high occupational physical activity (PA). Shoe-based accelerometers could provide a feasible solution for PA measurement in workplace settings. This study aimed to develop calibration models for estimation of energy expenditure (EE) from shoe-based accelerometers, validate the performance in a workplace setting and compare it to the most commonly used accelerometer positions. Models for EE estimation were calibrated in a laboratory setting for the shoe, hip, thigh and wrist worn accelerometers. These models were validated in a free-living workplace setting. Furthermore, additional models were developed from free-living data. All sensor positions performed well in the laboratory setting. When the calibration models derived from laboratory data were validated in free living, the shoe, hip and thigh sensors displayed higher correlation, but lower agreement, with measured EE compared to the wrist sensor. Using free-living data for calibration improved the agreement of the shoe, hip and thigh sensors. This study suggests that the performance of a shoe-based accelerometer is similar to the most commonly used sensor positions with regard to PA measurement. Furthermore, it highlights limitations in using the relationship between accelerometer output and EE from a laboratory setting to estimate EE in a free-living setting.

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