scholarly journals Cosmologies of the ancient Mediterranean world

2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Introductory Overview ◽  
Mediterranean World ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

Cosmology is concerned with the order of the universe and seeks to provide an account, not only of that order, but also of the mind or reason behind it. In antiquity, the cosmos was usually understood religiously, such that the cosmologies of the ancient Mediterranean world were either religious in nature or constituted a reaction to a religiously conceived understanding of the structures of the universe. The oldest form in which ancient cosmologies occur is myth, which, owing to its elasticity as a form, enabled them to be appropriated, adapted and used by different groups. In addition, different cosmologies co-existed within the same ancient culture, each having an authoritative status. This article provides an introductory overview of these cosmological myths and argues that a comparative approach is the most fruitful way to study them. Emphasis is given to certain prominent cosmological topics, including theogony (the genesis of the divine) or the relationship of the divine to the cosmos, cosmogony (the genesis of the cosmos), and anthropogony (the origin of humans within the cosmos). Although these myths vary greatly in terms of content and how they envision the origin of the cosmos, many of them depict death as part of the structure of the universe.Kosmologie het te doen met die orde van die heelal en wil rekenskap gee van hierdie orde en ook van die bewussyn daaragter. In die antieke tyd is die kosmos gewoonlik godsdienstig verstaan, met die gevolg dat die kosmologieë van die antieke Mediterreense wêreld óf ’n godsdienstige aard gehad het óf bestaan het uit ’n reaksie op ’n godsdienstig-geskepte begrip van die strukture van die heelal. Mites was die oudste vorm waarin antieke kosmologieë voorkom wat vanweë hulle plooibaarheid dit bewerk het dat hierdie kosmologieë deur verskillende groepe toegeëien, aangepas en gebruik kon word. Hierbenewens het verskillende kosmologieë in die antieke kultuur langs mekaar bestaan – elkeen met sy eie gesagstatus. Hierdie artikel bied ’n inleidende oorsig oor hierdie kosmologiese mites en redeneer dat ’n vergelykende benadering die mees geskikte vir die bestudering van hierdie mites is. Daar word op sekere prominente kosmologiese temas gefokus, waaronder teogonie (die ontstaan van die goddelike) of die verhouding tussen die goddelike en die kosmos, kosmogonie (die ontstaan van die kosmos), en antroponogie (die ontstaan van die mens binne die kosmos). Alhoewel hierdie mites grootliks verskil in terme van inhoud en hoe dit die ontstaan van die kosmos visualiseer, word die dood as deel van die opbou van die heelal deur baie van hulle uitgebeeld.

scholarly journals The Primordial in the Philosophy of Nasir Khusraw

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
T. G. Korneeva
Keyword(s):  
Word Of God ◽  
Material World ◽  
Necessary Being ◽  
Arab Muslim ◽  
The World ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

The article deals with the problem of determining the primordial in the philosophy of Nasir Khusraw, the Isma‘ili thinker of the 11th century. It seems to be an obvious answer that «the primordial is God», but this statement becomes impossible in Isma‘ilism due to the absolute separation of the transcendent incomprehensible God from the world manifested in intelligible and sensuous diversity. The article deals with the origins of the problem of the relationship of the single original and the multiple world, gives a brief overview of solutions to this issue by different schools of Arab Muslim philosophy. Within the framework of Isma‘ilism, two schemes of the process of creation of the universe were proposed, one of which was actively developed by Nasir Khusraw. According to the views of the Isma‘ili philosopher, the basis of all things is the word of God: it has an absolute being and potentially contains all things. The consequence of the word of God is the Universal Mind, which is endowed with the necessary being and has knowledge of all things. The Universal Soul, which emerges from the Universal Mind, has the power to create and thereby materializes the knowledge of the Universal Mind in the diversity of the material world. So, what can be called the initial? God, in fact, is taken out of the field of reasoning, He only speaks His word. The word of God is the cause of all things, but it does not give existence to the world. The world is created by the universal Soul, it is its Creator, but the Universal Soul itself is the creation of the Universal Mind, the consequence of the word of God. In Nasir Khusraw’s doctrine of being it is impossible to distinguish a single primordial, its functions are distributed between the word of God, his inseparable consequence the Universal Mind and the Universal Soul which derived from the Mind.

scholarly journals „Platoński” Marsanes i jego pitagorejski wątek

Vox Patrum ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 839-851
Author(s):  
Anna Z. Zmorzanka
Keyword(s):  
Sense Perception ◽  
Hierarchical Arrangement ◽  
The World ◽  
X 32 ◽  
The One ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

The opening part of this paper presents the influences of Middle-Platonist philosophy discernible in the ontology presupposed in the Marsanes. These are particularly conspicuous in the hierarchical arrangement of reality. At the summit of the Universe there is Invisible God, second in the hierarchy comes Barbelo, the Mind, complete with the world of intellect (identified with Platonic ideas), then follows the Soul and the world of the sense perception, which is the reflection of ideas. The second part contains a discussion of the fragment NHC X 32, 12 - 33, 6. described in the literature as „Pythagorean”. The fragment contains reference to the two eternal principles: monas and dyas, as well as to the ten cosmogonical principles. In this context the question arises as to the relationship of the cosmogo­ny assumed in this fragment and the one presupposed by the author of the Middle- Platonist exposition. Finally, it is concluded, that the Marsanes cosmogony is typi­cal of its period in being a synthesis comprising themes drawn from ontology (and cosmology) of both: Neopythagoreanism and Middle-Platonism.

Colonialism and the Highland Clearances

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iain Mackinnon
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Indigenous Research ◽  
Internal Colonialism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
A Site ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Imperial State ◽  
Late Modern

This article employs a new approach to studying internal colonialism in northern Scotland during the 18th and 19th centuries. A common approach to examining internal colonial situations within modern state territories is to compare characteristics of the internal colonial situation with attested attributes of external colonial relations. Although this article does not reject the comparative approach, it seeks to avoid criticisms that this approach can be misleading by demonstrating that promoters and managers of projects involving land use change, territorial dispossession and industrial development in the late modern Gàidhealtachd consistently conceived of their work as projects of colonization. It further argues that the new social, cultural and political structures these projects imposed on the area's indigenous population correspond to those found in other colonial situations, and that racist and racialist attitudes towards Gaels of the time are typical of those in colonial situations during the period. The article concludes that the late modern Gàidhealtachd has been a site of internal colonization where the relationship of domination between colonizer and colonized is complex, longstanding and occurring within the imperial state. In doing so it demonstrates that the history and present of the Gaels of Scotland belongs within the ambit of an emerging indigenous research paradigm.

Sustentabilidade, cultura, lazer e a ocupação dos espaços públicos nas Cidades MIL

2021 ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
B. Machado Mazzetti ◽  
F. Chibás Ortiz
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Body Awareness ◽  
Right To The City ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Body Practices ◽  
The Universe

This article seeks to reflect on the already existing and inseparable rela­ tionships between society, sustainability, culture and leisure, bringing to the core of the reflection the concept of MIL Cities (Media Information as a potential scenario for developing new urban, human, cul­ tural and technological. Initially, a review of the concept of leisure was made, addressing its foundational pillars and cultural contents, poste­ riorly the relationship between individual and quality of life in cities is explained, through body practices and body awareness, as well as through environmental practices and the promotion of an increasingly active and collective environmental awareness. The relationship of oc­ cupation, belonging and right to the city is also addressed and, precisely at this point, the potential for the use of new technologies by the private sector, public authorities and civil society in the construction and appli­ cation of possibilities that permeate the universe of MIL Cities.

Setting the Scene

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
John Zerilli
Keyword(s):  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Basic Assumptions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Basic Argument ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The modularity of mind has been understood in various ways, amended as evidence from neuroscience has forced the theory to shed various structural assumptions. Neuroplasticity has, for better or worse, challenged many of the orthodox conceptions of the mind that originally led cognitive scientists to postulate mental modules. Similarly, rapidly accumulating neuroscientific evidence of the reuse or redeployment of neural circuits, revealing the integrated and interactive structure of brain regions, has upset basic assumptions about the relationship of function to structure upon which modularity—not to say neuroscience itself—originally depended. These movements, developments, and cross-currents are the subject of this book. This chapter outlines the basic argument of the book and its motivation.

Moving Further Beyond Secularism: A “Lutheran” Reading of the Cosmology of Thomas Nagel

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-254
Author(s):  
Yiftach Fehige
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Christian Theology ◽  
Thomas Nagel ◽  
Metaphysical Theory ◽  
History Of ◽  
Individual Consciousness ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

Summary Thomas Nagel has proposed a highly speculative metaphysical theory to account for the cosmological significance that he claims the human mind to have. Nagel argues that the mind cannot be fully explained by Darwinian evolutionary theory, nor should theological accounts be accepted. What he proposes instead is an explanation in terms of cosmological non-purposive teleological principles. Our universe awakens to itself in each and every individual consciousness. What comes to light in a pronounced manner when consciousness arises, are the mental aspects of the stuff that the universe is made of. These mental aspects are always concurrently present with the physical aspects of the basic elements that constitute the universe. This paper situates Nagel’s cosmology in the context of discussions of the relationship between modern science and Christian theology. It focuses on the history of modern science’s efforts to locate the origins of humanity. The aim of the paper is to present a qualified “Lutheran” reading of Nagel’s theory of the cosmological significance of the human mind. This will unearth strong reasons to think that Nagel’s cosmology is less secular than it claims to be.

scholarly journals The Nonlinear Dispersion Relation and the Relationship of the Forming Soliton Area to the Evolution of Pulsars

1987 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 461-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mao Xinjie ◽  
Tong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Ground State ◽  
Nonlinear Effects ◽  
Electric Polarization ◽  
Nonlinear Dispersion ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Nonlinear Dispersion Relation ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Universe

Based on Zakharov's equations, Karpman et al. claimed that there were solitons in the magnetosphere. According to the model proposed by Goldreich and Julin, there is a strong induced electric field in the magnetosphere. It seems that we should include the nonlinear effects of the electric field on the polarization of hydrogen atoms if there really are some hydrogen atoms spreading in the magnetosphere of the pulsar. Assuming the magnetosphere is symetric, therefore the electric polarization of hydrogen atoms is of the form P=χ(1)E +χχE3. We treat χ(1) and χ(2) as scalars because most hydrogen atoms in the universe are in the ground state and χ(3) is much smaller than χ(1).

scholarly journals Komunikasi Ritual Obiyem pada Etnis Tamil Hindu di Kota Medan

Koneksi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 178
Author(s):  
Ratna Sari Puspa ◽  
Suzy Azeharie
Keyword(s):  
Communication Theory ◽  
Ethnic Community ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Ritual Communication ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
North Sumatra ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
The Universe

The Tamil Hindu ethnic community is spread across Indonesia, the majority live in Medan North Sumatra. Obiyem ritual is a religious activity believed by the Tamil Hindu ethnic community. The ritual has existed since the time of Bharatayudha and it is believed to eliminate bad karma for anyone who participates and performs the ritual. This ritual also obliges the devotees to make offerings to the Gods and Goddesses as a form of gratitude for giving abundance, maintain and protecting the universe. With the existence of ritual communication, the Tamil Hindu ethnic community in Medan can communicate and relate to the creator through the Obiyem ritual. This tradition is still carried out by the Tamil Hindu ethnic community to this day. The purpose of this study is to find out how the ritual communication is at the ceremony to the Tamil Hindu ethnic in Medan and what preparations are needed when the ritual is performed. Theories used in this research are communication theory, ritual communication and transcendental communication.The research method used was a phenomenological method with a qualitative descriptive approach. The data were obtained from in-depth interviews with three sources who understood about the ritual of Obiyem. The conclusion of this study is the ritual of Obiyem is a media used to communicate between humans and the Creator so that all bad karma is eliminated. It is also strengthen the relationship of Tamil Hindu ethnic society.Masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu di Indonesia mayoritas berada di kota Medan, Sumatera Utara. Ritual Obiyemmerupakan kegiatan keagamaan bagi etnis Tamil Hindu. Ritual Obiyemsudah ada sejak zaman Bharatayudha. Ritual ini dipercaya bisa menghapuskan karma buruk bagi siapapun yang ikut serta dan melakukan ritual ini. Ritual ini juga mewajibkan para jemaah untuk memberikan persembahan kepada para dewa dan dewi sebagai bentuk terima kasih karena sudah memberi kelimpahan, memelihara dan menjaga alam semesta. Dengan adanya komunikasi ritual masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu di Medan dapat berkomunikasi dan berhubungan dengan sang pencipta melalui ritual Obiyem. Ritual ini masih dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui bagaimana  komunikasi ritual Obiyempada etnis Tamil Hindu di kota Medan dan apa saja persiapan yang dibutuhkan pada saat ritual Obiyem dilakukan. Teori yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah teori komunikasi, komunikasi ritual dan komunikasi transendental. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode fenomenologi dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif. Data diperoleh dari hasil wawancara mendalam dengan narasumber yang mengetahui ritual Obiyem. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ritual Obiyemmerupakan media yang digunakan untuk berkomunikasi antara manusia dan sang pencipta untuk menghapuskan karma buruk. Komunikasi ritual ini juga dilakukan untuk mempererat hubungan masyarakat etnis Tamil Hindu.

scholarly journals Efektivitas Kursus Calon Pengantin Dalam Menekan Angka Perceraian di Wilayah Kerja KUA Kecamatan Batukliang

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Masnun Tahir
Keyword(s):  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Religious Literature ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Penelitian ini mengkaji efektivitas kebijakan kursus calon pengantin dalam menekan angka per­ ceraian di wilayah kerja KUA Kecamatan Batukliang. Oleh karena itu, fokus kajian penelitian diarahkan untuk megetahui: 1) tingkat perceraian di wilayah kerja KUA Kecamatan Batukliang. 2) pelaksanaan kebijakan kursus calon pengantin di KUA Kecamatan Batukliang. 3) tingkat efek­ tivitas kebijakan kursus calon pengantin dalam menekan angka perceraian di wilayah kerja KUA kecamatan Batukliang. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan sosio antropologis. Penelitian ini mem­ posisikan manusia sebagai pelaku yang memahami, meyakini, dan menjalankan ketentuan­keten­ tuan hukum perkawinan dalam Islam maupun dalam perspektif budaya lokal tentang perkawinan yang berkembang di Lombok. Pilihan pendekatan hukum perkawinan dan pendekatan agama dalam penelitian ini akan menjawab beberapa persoalan antropologi melalui empat macam metode ilmiah. Pertama, metode historis, yakni menelusuri pikiran dan perilaku manusia tentang pemahaman dan perilaku perkawinan dan persepsi agamanya yang berlatarbelakang sejarah. Kedua, metode normatif, yaitu mempelajari ketentuan hukum dan norma­norma (kaidah, patokan, atau sastra suci agama) maupun yang merupakan perilaku adat kebiasaan tradisional yang masih berlaku, baik dalam hubungan manusia dengan alam gaib ataupun dalam hubungan antara sesama manusia yang bersumber dan berdasarkan ajaran agama. Ketiga, metode deskriptif, yakni metode yang berusaha mencatat, melukiskan, menguraikan dan melaporkan segala sesuatu yang ditemukan di masyarakat berkaitan dengan obyek yang diteliti, seperti yang dilakukan oleh para etnografer. Keempat, metode empirik yang mempelajari pikiran sikap dan perilaku perkawinan dan agama manusia yang ditemukan dari pengalaman dan kenyataan di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat efektivitas kebijakan kursus calon pengantin dalam menekan angka perceraian di wilayah kerja KUA kecamatan Batukliang dikategorikan efektif. Hal ini dapat dilihat darijumlah total pernikahan dan pengaduan kehendak bercerai yang tercatat di KUA Kecamatan Batukliang pada beberapa tahun yang dideskripsikan dalam beberapa bab dalam artikel ini.[This research examines the effectiveness of the policy bride course in suppressing the divorce rate in the KUA Sub Batukliang region. Therefore, the focus of the research study directed to 1) The divorce rate in the region KUA Sub Batukliang region. 2) Implementation of the policy bride’s course in KUA Sub Batukliang. 3) The effectiveness of the policy bride’s course in suppressing the divorce rate in the KUA sub­Batukliang region. This research uses a socio­anthropological approach. This research puts man as an actor who understands, believes, and executes the provisions of the marriage law in Islam as well as in local cultural perspectives about marriage that evolved in Lombok. In this study, the choice of law approach to marriage and religious approach will answer some of the questions of anthropology through four different scientific methods. First, the historical method, i.e. the trace of the mind and human behavior of understanding and combining behavior and perception of the diversity of religious history. Second, normative methods, namely studying the laws and norms (rules, benchmarks, or sacred religious literature) as well as the behavior of a traditional custom which is still believed, whether in the relationship of humans with supernatural or in the relationship between fellow human beings based on religious teachings. A method which attempts to record, illustrate, describe and report on everything that is found in the community related to the observation object, as done by ethnographers. Fourth, the empirical methods study the mind, attitude, and behavior of the marriage and human religion according to experience and the reality in the field. The result shows that the policy bride’s course is effective in suppressing the divorce rate in the KUA Batukliang sub-region. It reflects from the total marriage and denunciation of wills divorced are recorded in Batukliang Sub­district on the KUA number of years described in several chapters in this article.]

scholarly journals MEDIASI PENAL DALAM PENYELESAIAN PERKARA KEKERASAN DALAM RUMAH TANGGA

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ni Kadek Ayu Ismadewi ◽  
Widodo.T Novianto ◽  
Hartiwiningsih ,
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Legal Certainty ◽  
Legal Process ◽  
Normative Study ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Abstract<br />The purpose of this article  to determine the judge’s considerations using penal mediation in the settlement of Domestic Violence (KDRT) cases and its formulation in the future. This is a normative study with case approach, comparative approach and conceptual approach. The legal matterial of this research are primary legal matterial and secondary legal material with deductive analystic mind. Reffering the research above, Showed that there is a difference of judges consideration using the result of penal mediation in the form of peace between offender and victim who still have relationship of husband and wife in the settlement of case of domestic violence for offense. First, it is based on the benefit and recovering of the relationship of the offender and the victim, to the exclusion of the legalistic rules, so that the Judge arrives at the decision of the prosecution otherwise unacceptable. Second, based on expediency, but the legal process continues with the imposition of a conditional penalty. The existence of differences in consideration and judgment because the mediation of penal itself is not yet regulated in positive criminal law in Indonesia. However, with the starting point on the principle of benefit and the theory of pragmatic realism, the Judge should not worry or hesitate to use the results of peace in penal mediation as a way of resolving a domestic violence case by  stopping the proceedings, although considered to be contrary to the principle of legal certainty. This has implications for the achievement of substantial justice for offender and victim, a quicker settlement of cases and avoid the accumulation of cases in the Court. Therefore the future needs to be formulated for mediation of penal entry into inseparable part in the procedure of settling the case of domestic violence, especially for offense complaints, ranging from the level of investigation, prosecution and court.<br />Keywords: Penal Mediation; Domestic Violence; Judge’s Decision</p><p>Abstrak<br />Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertimbangan Hakim menggunakan mediasi penal dalam penyelesaian perkara Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga (KDRT) dan formulasinya di masa mendatang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi normatif dengan pendekatan  kasus, pendekatan komparatif dan pendekatan konseptual. Bahan hukum yang digunakan berupa bahan hukum primer <br />dan bahan hukum sekunder dengan pola analisis deduktif. Hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa adanya perbedaan pertimbangan Hakim menggunakan hasil mediasi penal berupa perdamaian antara pelaku dan korban yang masih ada hubungan suami istri dalam penyelesaian perkara KDRT untuk delik aduan. Pertama, mendasarkan pada kemanfaatan dan pulihnya hubungan <br />pelaku dan korban, dengan mengenyampingkan aturan yang bersifat legalistik, sehingga Hakim sampai pada putusan berupa penuntutan dinyatakan tidak dapat diterima. Kedua, mendasarkan <br />pada kemanfaatan, namun proses hukum tetap dilanjutkan dengan penjatuhan pidana bersyarat. Adanya perbedaan pertimbangan dan penjatuhan putusan tersebut karena mediasi penal sendiri <br />memang belum diatur dalam hukum positif pidana di Indonesia. Akan tetapi dengan bertitik tolak pada asas kemanfaatan dan teori realisme pragmatis, semestinya Hakim tidak khawatir atau <br />ragu menggunakan hasil perdamaian dalam mediasi penal sebagai jalan penyelesaian perkara KDRT dengan menghentikan proses perkara, meski dianggap bertentangan dengan asas kepastian <br />hukum. Hal tersebut berimplikasi pada tercapainya keadilan substansial bagi pelaku dan korban, penyelesaian perkara yang lebih cepat dan menghindari penumpukan perkara di Pengadilan. <br />Kedepannya perlu diformulasikan agar mediasi penal masuk menjadi bagian tidak terpisahkan dalam prosedur penyelesaian perkara KDRT, khususnya untuk delik aduan, mulai dari tingkat penyidikan, penuntutan dan pengadilan.<br />Kata kunci: Mediasi Penal; Kekerasan Dalam Rumah Tangga; Putusan Hakim.</p>

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