The effect of diminazene aceturate on cholinesterase activity in dogs with canine babesiosis

A clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effects of diminazene aceturate and its stabiliser antipyrine on serum pseudocholinesterase (PChE) and red blood cell acetylcholinesterase (RBC AChE) in dogs with babesiosis. The trial was conducted on naturally occurring, uncomplicated cases of babesiosis (n = 20) that were randomly allocated to groups receiving a standard therapeutic dose of diminazene aceturate with antipyrine stabiliser (n = 10) or antipyrine alone (n = 10). Blood was drawn immediately before and every 15 minutes for 1 hour after treatment. Plasma PChE showed a 4 % decrease between 0 and 60 min within the treatment group (p < 0.05). No statistically significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any of the time intervals for PChE. There was an increase in RBC AChE activity at 15 min in the treatment group (p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the treatment and control groups at any time interval for RBC AChE. In view of the difference in PChE, samples from additional, new cases (n = 10) of canine babesiosis were collected to identify the affect of the drug over 12 hours. No significant depression was identified over this time interval. The results suggests that the underlying mechanism in producing side-effects, when they do occur, is unlikely to be through cholinesterase depression.

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Assignment to Treatment Group on the Basis of a Covariate

Journal of Educational Statistics ◽

10.3102/10769986002001001 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 1-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 272

Author(s):

Donald B. Rubin

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Prior Information ◽

Control Groups ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Conditional Expectations ◽

Covariance Adjustment ◽

The Difference ◽

Regression Adjustment ◽

And Control

When assignment to treatment group is made solely on the basis of the value of a covariate, X, effort should be concentrated on estimating the conditional expectations of the dependent variable Y given X in the treatment and control groups. One then averages the difference between these conditional expectations over the distribution of X in the relevant population. There is no need for concern about “other” sources of bias, e.g., unreliability of X, unmeasured background variables. If the conditional expectations are parallel and linear, the proper regression adjustment is the simple covariance adjustment. However, since the quality of the resulting estimates may be sensitive to the adequacy of the underlying model, it is wise to search for nonparallelism and nonlinearity in these conditional expectations. Blocking on the values of X is also appropriate, although the quality of the resulting estimates may be sensitive to the coarseness of the blocking employed. In order for these techniques to be useful in practice, there must be either substantial overlap in the distribution of X in the treatment groups or strong prior information.

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Effects of two different deep digital flexor tenotomy techniques on distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782012005000088 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 42 (11) ◽

pp. 2005-2010

Author(s):

Antonio Cezar de Oliveira Dearo ◽

Vitor Bruno Bianconi Rosa ◽

Peter Reichmann ◽

Milton Luis Ribeiro de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Quantitative Data ◽

Statistical Significance ◽

Surgical Approaches ◽

Control Groups ◽

Before And After ◽

Distal Interphalangeal ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Flexor Tenotomy

Deep digital flexor (DDF) tenotomy is a technique employed for years to treat selected disorders of the musculoskeletal system in horses. Although two different surgical approaches (i.e. mid-metacarpal and pastern) have been described for performing the procedure, in vitro quantitative data regarding the modifications induced by either technique on the distal articular angles is lacking. Therefore, the purpose of the study reported here was to investigate the viability of a proposed biomechanical system of induced-traction used to compare the two DDF tenotomy techniques by measuring the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs. Ten pairs of forelimbs were collected and mounted to a biomechanical system developed to apply traction at the toe level. Dorsal articular angles of the metacarpophalangeal (MP), proximal interphalangeal (PIP) and distal interphalangeal (DIP) joints were determined by geometric lines on radiographs taken before and after performing each technique. Comparisons between each tenotomy group and its own control, for each joint, and between the two tenotomy groups using as variable the difference between the tenotomy and control groups were tested. Despite the lack of statistical significance, the DDF tenotomy technique at the pastern level produced extension, to a lesser and greater extent, of the PIP and DIP joints, respectively when compared to the mid-metacarpal level. No remarkable differences could be observed for the MP joint. The developed traction-induced biomechanical construct seemed to be effective in producing valuable quantitative estimations of the distal articular angles of equine cadaver forelimbs subjected to different DDF tenotomy techniques.

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A study on association of polymorphisms in calpain10 and TCF7l2 genes with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1501161r ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 47 (1) ◽

pp. 161-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Maryam Rezazadeh ◽

Nasim Sohrabifar ◽

Hossein Jafari ◽

Ardabili Mohaddes ◽

Jalal Gharesouran

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Allelic Association ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Control Groups ◽

Type2 Diabetes ◽

North Of Iran ◽

Calpain 10 ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

Polymorphisms of the Calpain10 and TCF7L2 genes were identified as possible type 2 diabetes susceptibility genetic markers. We conducted a case-control study to evaluate the relation between SNP43 of calpain-10 and rs12255372 and rs7903146 in the TCF7L2 with type2 diabetes in western-north of Iran. The role of these variants in Iranian population was less clear. A total of 202 patients and healthy controls were enrolled to analysis the frequency distribution of Calpain10 and TCF7L2 polymorphisms (SNP43, rs12255372 and rs7903146) using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR - RFLP) method. The frequency of allele A in controls was significantly greater than that of diabetic patients (P=0.031), whereas the difference between distribution of SNP43 genotypes (A/A, A/G, G/G) were non- significant in case and control groups. Non significant association was also observed between G/G, A/G or A/A genotypes and type 2 Diabetes. The frequency of the ?T? allele of rs12255372 (G/T) was significantly associated with type 2 diabetes (OR= 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.11-1.51; P<0.001). No allelic association was found for rs7903146(C/T) polymorphism. The distribution of alleles in case and control groups are significantly different indicating the G allele is associated with type 2 diabetes. The rs12255372 (G/T) may be associated with type 2 diabetes.

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Experimental Pulpitis Treated By Double-Pinhole Drainage

Journal of Oral & Dental Health ◽

10.33140/jodh.03.02.4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (2) ◽

Keyword(s):

Dental Pulp ◽

Control Group ◽

Pulp Chamber ◽

Control Groups ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Irrigation Methods ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group ◽

Labial Surface

Objective: To search for a dental pulp preservative method in experimental pulpitis. Methods: 20 rabbits with experimental pulpitis were selected for this study; Teeth were randomly assigned to 2 groups (experimental and control groups) based on the final irrigation methods. In experimental group (double-pinhole drainage), the two pinholes were drilled in middle 1/3 dental cervix of buccal labial surface of tooth; the pinholes were inserted into infant transfusion needles then the two syringes were contacted with them, one for suck, another for irrigation. In control group, pinhole was sealed. Rabbits were executed in 1, 3, 5, 7 day. The inflammation in pulp chamber was assessed after 1, 3, 5, and 7 days. Results: At the 1, 5 day time intervals, control group reported more inflammation than experimental group (P < .05). There was no significant difference between two groups at the other time intervals (P > .05), and in all groups the inflammation decreased over time. Conclusion: Dental pulp can be preserved by double-pinhole drainage efficiently.

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Android-Based Education toward the Role of Postpartum Primipara Mothers in Fulfilling the Independent Perinium Care

Women, Midwives and Midwifery ◽

10.36749/wmm.1.2.55-67.2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 55-67

Author(s):

Werna Nontji ◽

Dwi Kartika Sari ◽

Sitti Maria Ulfa ◽

Syafruddin Syarif ◽

Inez Vravty Lestari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Control Group ◽

P Value ◽

Control Groups ◽

Post Test ◽

Android App ◽

And Control ◽

Perineal Care

Background: Educating mothers during their postpartum period could potentially help them to overcome some important phases after giving birth. The process of education is evaluated based on the mothers’ knowledge about their independent self-care. Independency is an activity that is started individually and is done based on self-capability. The independency in the postpartum care is not only important to decrease the mother’s mortality and morbidity rate, but it is also crucial to strengthen and improve the post-partum mother’s healthy behavior during the perineal care. Providing education using Android-based application called BUBI Care could be potential to facilitate a more dynamic transfer of knowledge to the postpartum mothers.Aims: To analyze the knowledge, skills, and independence of primipara postpartum mothers in independent perineal care before and after accessing BUBI Care app. Research Method: employing quasi experimental research with pre-test and post-test design with control group design. The sample for this research were 19 pregnant mothers TM III (pregnancy age of ? 38 weeks) on each group. The treatment group was educated using BUBI Care Android app that was conducted at one of Public Health Center. The control group was educated without BUBI Care that was conducted at a Midwife Practice Clinic. The research was conducted on September to October 2020. Study Result: According to the Wilcoxon test, there was a difference in the pre-test knowledge of the treatment and control groups with the similar median of 53 and p-value of 0.666, the treatment group showed their scores improved to 80 on the post-test while the control group stayed at 53 with the p-value of 0.000. It means that BUBI Care app education influences the post-test. On the other hand, the perineal care skill saw a difference between the intervention and control groups. The intervention group had a mean of 70.05 and 56.68 for the control group with the p-value of 0.002 which means that there was an influence from the BUBI Care app education. Additionally, Mann Whitney test showed that the intervention group had a mean score of 78.95, but the control group only had 49.26, the total difference between the two are 29.69 with the p-value of 0.000. It can be concluded that there is a significance in difference in the independency rate from the provision of BUBI Care Android app education.Conclusion: there is a significance effect on the intervention group in terms of Android based usage.

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Effect of iRoot BP Plus Pulpotomy for Immediate Repair in Children with Young Permanent Teeth Crown Fracture

Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research ◽

10.26689/jcnr.v4i2.1086 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Jiaying Song

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Clinical Effect ◽

Permanent Teeth ◽

Control Group ◽

Observation Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Before And After ◽

Random Number Table ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

Objective: To explore the clinical effect of iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy for immediate repair in children with young permanent teeth crown fracture. Methods: From September 2017 to October 2018, 80 children (80 affected teeth) with young permanent teeth crown fracture who treated in the hospital were selected as the research objects. Random number table method was used to divide them into observation and control groups with each group of forty patients (40 affected teeth). The children in the control group were treated with calcium hydroxide resin, while the observation group were treated with iRoot BP Plus for immediate repair. The surgical success rate was compared between the two groups, and the pulp vitality before and after treatment were compared. Results: At 3 months and 6 months after surgery, the success rate of children in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The percentage of children with negative pulp activity in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Immediate repair with iRoot BP Plus pulpotomy in children with young permanent teeth crown fracture has significant clinical effect.

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Auditory and Visual Executive Functions in Children and Response to Methylphenidate: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Attention Disorders ◽

10.1177/1087054717700978 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 235-245

Author(s):

Yaffa Hadar ◽

Shraga Hocherman ◽

Oren Lamm ◽

Emanuel Tirosh

Keyword(s):

Executive Functions ◽

Visual Cues ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Crossover Design ◽

Control Groups ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

The Difference ◽

Visually Based ◽

And Control

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess auditory and visually based executive functions (EFs) and the effect of methylphenidate (MPH) in children with ADHD. Methods: Thirty-six boys between the ages of 8.3 and 9.7 years with ADHD and 36 matched controls were included. The study group was randomized into MPH and placebo for 7 days each in a crossover design. A Cued Choice Reaction Time (CCRT) test that included incongruent cuing was administered at baseline and following 1 and 2 weeks. Results: The difference between the study and control groups was more evident with visual cues and incongruent cuing. Increased gains by children with predominantly hyperactive–impulsive\combined (HI\C) type of ADHD were observed under MPH. Conclusions: The differences between children with ADHD and typical children are more pronounce under incongruent auditory cuing . The gains attributable to MPH are more specific to tasks involving auditory and visual EFs and in children with HI\C type ADHDs.

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Effects of Mindfulness-Based Psychoeducation on the Internalized Stigmatization Level of Patients With Schizophrenia

Clinical Nursing Research ◽

10.1177/1054773818797871 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (7) ◽

pp. 496-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Emine Yılmaz ◽

Funda Kavak

Keyword(s):

Health Centers ◽

Control Group ◽

Community Mental Health Centers ◽

Control Groups ◽

Face To Face ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The Difference ◽

Mental Health Centers ◽

And Control ◽

Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of mindfulness-based psychoeducation on internalized stigma in patients with schizophrenia. The patients were recruited from the community mental health centers. This quasiexperimental study was conducted using pretests and posttests with a control group. The participants were 69 patients with schizophrenia; 34 were part of the experimental group and 35 were part of the control group. The patients in the experimental group participated 2 days a week for 6 weeks in a total of 12 sessions which were given in the form of face-to-face group training. The difference between the scale mean posttest scores of the patients in the experimental and control groups was found to be statistically significant ( p < .05). In the intragroup comparisons, a significant difference was found between the stigma mean scores in the experimental group ( p < .05). It was concluded that mindfulness-based psychoeducation was effective in reducing stigma in patients with schizophrenia.

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Abstract 2211: Statin Therapy May Increase the Risk of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Meta-analysis of 26 Randomized Controlled Trials

Stroke ◽

10.1161/str.43.suppl_1.a2211 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 43 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

James S McKinney ◽

William J Kostis ◽

John B Kostis

Keyword(s):

Statin Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Active Group ◽

Controlled Trials ◽

Control Groups ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

All Cause Mortality ◽

Group A ◽

The Difference ◽

And Control

Introduction--- Statin therapy decreases the risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic stroke. However, an increased risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has been observed in some studies. To investigate this issue we performed a meta-analysis of all randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using statins that reported ICH. Methods--- We performed a Medline literature search through March 18, 2011 and identified additional RCTs by reviewing reference lists of retrieved studies and prior meta-analyses. All RCTs of statin therapy versus placebo or high dose versus low dose statin therapy that reported ICH or hemorrhagic stroke were included. The primary outcome variable was ICH. 26 RCTs were included. All analyses used random effects models and heterogeneity was not observed in any of the analyses. Results--- 84 831 subjects were included in the Active group, and 84 851 in the Control group. A trend towards a higher incidence of ICH was observed in the Active treatment group compared to Control (OR = 1.15; 95% CI = 0.91 to 1.45, p =0.24) (Figure). Significant relationships were not observed between the log OR for ICH with achieved LDL in the Active group (slope = 0.0002; 95% CI = -0.0098 to 0.0101, p =0.96) or with the difference in LDL drop between the Active and Control groups (slope = 0.0030; 95% CI = -0.0089 to 0.0149, p =0.62). Total stroke (OR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.78 to 0.91, p <0.001) and all-cause mortality (OR = 0.91; 95% CI = 0.86 to 0.96, p <0.001) were significantly reduced in the Active group. A significant relationship between all-cause mortality and the difference in LDL drop between the Active and Control groups was observed (slope = -0.0030; 95% CI = -0.0009 to -0.0051, p<0.005). There was not evidence of publication bias in this meta-analysis. Conclusions--- Active therapy was associated with a trend towards increased ICH in this meta-analysis of 26 RCTs of statin therapy. However, this risk does not appear to be related to the degree of decline or achieved LDL. The risk of ICH is offset by a significant reduction in ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality and should not dissuade practitioners from prescribing statins in otherwise appropriate patients.

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Reduction in Accumulation of Plaque, Stain, and Calculus in Dogs by Dietary Means

Journal of Veterinary Dentistry ◽

10.1177/089875649501200408 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 161-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Lyn Jensen ◽

Ellen Logan ◽

Oliver Finney ◽

Stephen Lowry ◽

Martyn Smith ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Plaque Index ◽

Control Group ◽

Control Groups ◽

Dog Food ◽

Control Food ◽

And Control ◽

All Treatment

We conducted 215 evaluations for plaque, stain, and calculus in 120 dogs at two research sites. Dogs were balanced in groups of five according to baseline plaque index scores; groups were randomly assigned to treatment or control dietary regimens. Dental cleanings were done on Day 0. Dogs in the treatment group were fed a food formulated to reduce accumulation of plaque, stain, and calculus. Control group dogs were fed a commercially available dry dog food. No other foods, treats, or snacks were given to either group. We graded 22 teeth for plaque accumulation on Day 7 and for stain and calculus accumulation on Day 21. Six trials were conducted and the results reported as a combined mean for all treatment and control groups. Dogs fed the treatment food had significantly less plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation (p=0.001) than dogs fed the control food. Plaque, stain, and calculus accumulation can be reduced by dietary means.

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