scholarly journals Changes in weight gain, faecal oocyst count and packed cell volume of Eimeria tenella-infected broilers treated with a wild mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) aqueous extract : article

2009 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
A.O. Ogbe ◽  
S.E. Atawodi ◽  
P.A. Abdu ◽  
A. Sannusi ◽  
A.E. Itodo
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Ganoderma Lucidum ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Control Groups

An experiment was conducted to study the effect of a wild Ganoderma lucidum aqueous extract in coccidian-infected broilers. At 6 weeks of age the birds were randomly allocated to 6 treatment groups of 20 Ross broilers each in wire cages. Groups A, B and C were infected with Eimeria tenella Houghton strain at the rate of 36 250 sporulated oocysts/mℓ per bird. Theremaining 3 groups D, E and F were uninfected controls. At 7 weeks the birds in group A were treated with G. lucidum aqueous extract and those in B with amprolium in drinking water ad libitum at the rate of 200 mg/mℓ each for 7 days consecutively. Body weight gain, feed intake, faecal oocyst output and some haematological parameters were monitored. The result showed that all the infected birds in groups A, B and Chad clinical signs of weakness and reduced appetite on day 4 post-infection. By the 5th day post-infection their faeces became bloody and watery, and large numbers of E. tenella oocysts were present in the faeces. On day 3 after treatment the oocysts detected were considerably reduced in both treated groups A and B and slightly higher in the untreated group C. The faeces of the uninfected control groups were normal and free of coccidial oocysts. After treatment for 7 days no coccidial oocysts were found in faeces of the birds that had been treated. Infected, untreated birds showed a slight drop in feed intake and weight gain from 7 to 8 weeks of age. The final mean weight gain recorded in the treated groups A and B was comparable to that of the uninfected birds in the 3 control groups, while it was lower in the untreated group C. The feed to gain ratio was higher in C than in the other groups. A slight drop in packed cell volume was observed in groups A, B and C at 7 weeks of age, 1 week after infection. This study showed that treatment with G. lucidum results in a marked reduction in the number of E. tenella oocysts shed in the faeces, leading to improved weight gain and decreased weight loss. The results confirmed the virulence of the Houghton strain of E. tenella and the effectiveness of both amprolium and G. lucidum extract against E. tenella.

scholarly journals Differential virulence of camel Trypanosoma evansi isolates in mice

Parasitology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 145 (9) ◽  
pp. 1235-1242 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine M. Kamidi ◽  
Joanna Auma ◽  
Paul O. Mireji ◽  
Kariuki Ndungu ◽  
Rosemary Bateta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
South America ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Trypanosoma Evansi ◽  
Type B ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Live Body Weight ◽  
High Virulence

AbstractThis study assessed the virulence of Trypanosoma evansi, the causative agent of camel trypanosomiasis (surra), affecting mainly camels among other hosts in Africa, Asia and South America, with high mortality and morbidity. Using Swiss white mice, we assessed virulence of 17 T. evansi isolates collected from surra endemic countries. We determined parasitaemia, live body weight, packed cell volume (PCV) and survivorship in mice, for a period of 60 days’ post infection. Based on survivorship, the 17 isolates were classified into three virulence categories; low (31–60 days), moderate (11–30 days) and high (0–10 days). Differences in survivorship, PCV and bodyweights between categories were significant and correlated (P < 0.05). Of the 10 Kenyan isolates, four were of low, five moderate and one (Type B) of high virulence. These findings suggest differential virulence between T. evansi isolates. In conclusion, these results show that the virulence of T. evansi may be region specific, the phenotype of the circulating parasite should be considered in the management of surra. There is also need to collect more isolates from other surra endemic regions to confirm this observation.

scholarly journals The effect of aqueous extract of Marticaria Chamomilla flowers on some physiological properties in broiler chickens

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
S. A. H. AL-Moramadhi
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Hemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Physiological Properties

This study was conducted on broiler chickens to investigate the effect of Marticaria chamomilla flowers extract on some physiological properties. One day age Fawbro birds (Average weight 55g) were used in this study, they fed ad libtum until 7weeks age. (60 chickes) were divided into three groups (each group has 20 birds ).1-treatment one: administrated orally the aqueous extract of Marticaria chamomilla flowers at concentration 50mg /kg body weight .2-treatment two: administrated orally the aqueous extract of Marticaria chamomilla flowers at concentration 100mg /kg body weight3-control group: administrated distilled water .At the end of experiment blood samples were taken from brachial vein for ten birds of each group for hematological and bio chemical examination ,the following parameters are used:- serum glucose concentration, serum cholesterol concentration ,hemoglobin concentration ,packed cell volume ,body weight and food intake. Results showed significant decrease (p<0.05) in glucose concentration in treatments groups compared with control, and significant decrease (p<0.05) in cholesterol concentration in treatments groups compared with the control. While there was no significant effect on hemoglobin concentration, packed cell volume, body weight and food intake in treatments groups compared with the control

The effect of giving 11 or 14 feeds of milk substitute per week to early-weaned calves

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch. V. Boucque ◽  
F. X. Buysse ◽  
B. G. Cottyn
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
The Third ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Milk Substitute ◽  
Daily Gain

SUMMARYTwo rearing experiments were carried out to study the effect of omitting three feeds per week from an early-weaning system on the performance of 110 male calves. From the third week the calves in the experimental groups received only one feed of milk substitute on Saturdays, at 11.00 hr; on Sundays they received no milk substitute at all; from Monday to Friday they were fed twice daily. The animals in the control groups received milk substitute twice daily during the 7 days of the week, quantity per feed being the same as for the experimental groups.The calves were weaned at 8 weeks in experiment 1 and at 5 weeks in experiment 2.In both experiments the calves in the control group had a significantly higher daily gain than the experimental calves during the third to the fifth weeks. From 6 to 16 weeks arid for the experiment as a whole no significant difference in weight gain or feed intake were observed. The omission of three feeds per week offered considerable advantages in the saving of labour and convenience of management.

Effect of repeated anthelmintic treatment on weight gain in Hereford and Brahman crossbred cattle in south-eastern Queensland

1987 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
R Winks ◽  
MA Burns ◽  
DA Berrie ◽  
IJ East ◽  
JG Kelly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Anthelmintic Treatment ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Haemonchus Placei

Hereford and Brahman crossbred steers were treated with the injectable anthelmintic, levamisole, at either 3-, 6- or 12-week intervals for 8 months after weaning. Throughout the studies, the different treatment groups were maintained on separate pastures with the exception of 1 group in which half of the animals were treated 3-weekly and the others were untreated. A further untreated group was grazed separately. The trial was repeated with different groups of weaners in 3 successive years. The major gastrointestinal nematodes infecting the cattle were Haemonchus placei, Oesophagostomum radiatum, Cooperia pectinata and Cooperia punctata. The Hereford weaners treated every 3 or 6 weeks showed significantly greater weight gains than untreated steers, but those treated every 12 weeks did not. In 2 of the 3 years. Brahman-cross weaners showed a significant increase in weight gain with the 3-week schedule but not with the 6- and 12-week schedules. Twelve months after treatment ended, the final liveweights of the treated groups did not differ significantly from those of the control groups for either Hereford or Brahman crossbred cattle.

A note on meat production from pigs slaughtered after first weaning a litter

1973 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 317-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Kotarbińska ◽  
J. Kielanowski
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
White Female ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Large White ◽  
Protein Deposition

SUMMARYFourteen Large White female pigs were mated at about 6 months of age and 90 kg live weight. Three of them gave birth to very small litters and were slaughtered a week after parturition at an average live weight of 166 kg. From the other 11 females 6-week-old litters with average an of 8-8 piglets were weaned. Twenty-four days after weaning the mothers, averaging 152 kg live weight, were slaughtered. Performance was compared with that of unmated females slaughtered at 90 or 130 kg live weight. After subtracting the amount of feed used normally for the production of weaned litters from the total feed consumption of the 14 females which farrowed, the feed intake per 1 kg live-weight gain was 3·67 kg, as compared with 3·43 kg and 4·46 kg in the groups slaughtered at 90 or 130 kg live weight, respectively. The average daily protein deposition in the 14 females together with their litters was 119·6 g, compared with 104·1 and 81·4 g in the control groups.

scholarly journals Oocysts Output of Broilers Experimentally Infected with Eimeria tenella And Treated with N- Butanol Leaf Extract of Khaya senegalensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-213
Author(s):  
M.O Otu ◽  
I.A Lawal ◽  
D George ◽  
M Abubakar ◽  
A.A Sekoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Eimeria Tenella ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Untreated Group ◽  
Alternative Methods ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Orthodox Medicine ◽  
Khaya Senegalensis

A study to determine the anticoccidial efficacy of Khaya senegalensis in relation to oocyst shedding by broilers experimentally infected with Eimeria tenella was conducted. The development of drug- resistant field strains of Eimeria species has prompted the exploitation of alternative methods for controlling coccidiosis and there is an increasing use of medicinal plants as alternatives to orthodox medicine. Fresh leaves of Khaya senegalensis (KS) were collected dried under shade and the extract prepared using the maceration method in 70% methanol. The dried crude extract was partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, n-butanol and aqueous portions, dried with phytochemical analysis conducted on them. One hundred and twenty birds reared under standard management practice were divided into six groups (A, B, C, D, E and F). All the groups except group F (uninfected untreated group) were infected at four weeks old with sporulated Eimeria tenella oocysts (1.0 x 105 sporulated oocysts / ml / bird) obtained locally from the intestinal scrapings of experimentally infected broilers. Groups A, B and C were given calculated three dose levels of 11mg/kg, 33mg/kg, 99mg/kg respectively of the prepared n-butanol methanol extract twice daily for 5 days, group D was given Amprolium while E and F were each given 0.2ml water. Faecal samples were collected daily for 4 weeks into clean well labelled polythene bags and analysed in the laboratory for oocyst count using the McMaster counting chamber and were expressed as oocysts count per gramme of faeces. The birds were observed for pathological lesions grossly and histopathologically and the survival rates were determined. Data collected were analysed using analysis of variance and chi square. Results from the Phytochemical studies showed the presence of phenolic compounds in Khaya senegalensis. Post-infection faecal examination revealed oocyst load of +++ in all the infected pens (A-E) on the 6th day. Comparison of the groups with time showed statistical significance (P˂0.05). High mean oocyst production (A; 156060 ± 67020, B; 261590 ± 144310, C; 211620 ± 114280, D; 276930 ± 233650 and E; 159230 ± 100970) among the infected groups one week post infection as well as irregular oocyst production were observed in the course of this study. The higher mean oocysts count obtained in the infected untreated group (1748849 ± 40869) than the extract treated groups in the first week post treatment indicated that the extract had some inhibitory effects on oocyst production. This however, was dose dependent. Among the extract treated group, the 99mg/kg had lower mean oocyst production 2 weeks post treatment (9720 ± 3180) and this was comparable to the group treated with normal dose of the conventional drug Amprolium (8600 ± 40). This was therefore seen as the effective dose. Grossly, the extract had a beneficial effect in alleviating the damages to the caecal epithelium of the infected treated groups compared to the shrunken caeca of the infected untreated groups. The survival percentage was higher in the treated groups compared to the infected un treated group (55%) though Amprolium was more efficacious in the in vivo study with the highest survival rate of 90%. The histopathological lesions observed in the infected birds in this study were consistent with those associated with E tenella infection in which the parasite induced very severe lesions including severe villous atrophy and fusion. The anticoccidial efficacy of Khaya senegalensis promises greater areas for research as it relates to drug development and it is recommended that Khaya senegalensis should be exploited further for its anticoccidial properties using other parts of the plant. Key words: Broiler chickens, Eimeria tenella, oocyst production, Khaya senegalensis, in vivo

Effect of coal mine pit water on the productivity of cattle. II. Effect of increasing concentrations of pit water on feed intake and health

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 155 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Harper ◽  
T. J. King ◽  
B. D. Hill ◽  
C. M. L. Harper ◽  
R. A. Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Cell Volume ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Coal Mine ◽  
Packed Cell Volume ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Dissolved Solids

The effect of drinking high mineral content coal mine pit water on the health and growth of yearling tropically adapted steers was investigated. Steers consumed town water (~ 30 mg sulfate/L) or dilutions of pit water, which at the highest concentration contained (mg/L) 4000 sulfate as well as 3082 chloride, 328 calcium, 562 magnesium, 2600 sodium, and other minerals at lesser concentrations (total dissolved solids, 8600 mg/L). The growth and performance of the steers were measured as average daily weight gain, dry matter intake, faecal dry matter content, and water intake. Health was assessed using haematological indices (packed cell volume, haemoglobin, and others) and on randomly selected animals, by complete post mortem haematological and biochemical analysis. Consumption of diluted pit water of up to 2000 mg sulfate/L, if introduced gradually, did not result in a reduction in dry matter or water intake. Significant interactions (P < 0·05) occurred between rate of introduction and plane of nutrition in affecting weight gain, whereby weight gains on pit water were marginally greater when treatment was introduced abruptly. Plane of nutrition was the main effect in determination of packed cell volumes, where low plane of nutrition led to higher values. Interactions of time on pit water treatment with rate of introduction or nutrition in affecting packed cell volume were statistically significant (P ≤ 0·006) but small in magnitude (1–2%), and hence unlikely to be biologically significant since averages remained within the normal range for the age group. Pit water treatment did not compromise the animals’ health at 2000 mg sulfate/L, as assessed by visual veterinary and histopathological examinations of tissues taken at autopsy. When the concentration of pit water was increased to 4000 mg sulfate/L, dry matter intake was depressed by 14% and water intake was decreased by up to 40%, increasing slightly with longer time on treatment. Under the conditions of this experiment, beef steers can drink coal mine pit water containing up to 2000 mg sulfate/L (4000–6000 mg/L of total dissolved solids) without suffering ill effects, provided that it is introduced gradually. The study therefore provides evidence that the recommendation of 1000 mg sulfate/L as the maximum concentration in livestock drinking water may be too conservative for steers if favourable conditions exist.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document