scholarly journals A preliminary disease survey in the wild Nile crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) population in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

2011 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Leslie ◽  
C. J. Lovely ◽  
J. M. Pittman
Keyword(s):  
Okavango Delta ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Disease Survey ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Nile Crocodile ◽  
Haematological Analysis

The objective of this study was to conduct a preliminary survey of diseases that might be present in the wild Nile crocodile population in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Blood samples were collected from crocodiles ranging in size from 34.0cmto 463.0cmtotal length. Samples were examined for blood parasites and underwent a haematological analysis. Before release the crocodiles were examined for various clinical abnormalities. Of the 144 crocodiles examined, none were visibly sick or displayed any signs of disease. No antibodies to Mycoplasma crocodyli were detected. Hepatozoon pettiti was present in 55.3 % of blood smears examined, but there was no significant difference in any of the haematological values between the infected and uninfected crocodiles, and a high prevalence of Hepatozoon infection is not uncommon in other species. Only 7.6 % of the examined crocodiles were infested with leeches. Further research is required for several of the crocodilian diseases, in particular to elucidate the role of wild crocodilians as reservoirs of infection.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Haemoproteus sp. in Galápagos blue-footed boobies: effects on health and reproduction

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
LARISA LEE-CRUZ ◽  
ANDREW A. CUNNINGHAM ◽  
PAMELA MARTÍNEZ ◽  
MARILYN CRUZ ◽  
SIMON J. GOODMAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Success ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Breeding Birds ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Infection Status ◽  
Chick Growth ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The 1960S

SUMMARYPopulations of blue-footed boobies in the Galápagos Islands have declined by at least 50% compared with numbers recorded during the 1960s. Recently, concern has been expressed about potential adverse effects of introduced blood parasites; in particular, malarial parasites (i.e.Plasmodiumsp.), which are frequently pathogenic and can cause mortality and morbidity in birds, and blood parasites of the genusHaemoproteus, which can reduce fitness. We screened blue-footed boobies at six breeding colonies within Galápagos for both genera of parasite. At two sites, we also investigated whether there was any relationship between infection status and physiological condition or breeding success. We found a high prevalence ofHaemoproteusspp. in adults and chicks using PCR, although none was found on blood smears. We found no evidence ofPlasmodium.Effects of parasitism on the condition of birds were limited. Also, there was no evidence that infection withHaemoproteusadversely affected breeding success or chick growth. Our results suggest that poor success of breeding birds was not strongly associated withHaemoproteusinfection. However, regular colony monitoring and examination of dead birds are necessary to assess whether acuteHaemoproteusinfection might be responsible for some mortality, particularly of chicks.

scholarly journals Obstructive Sleep Apnea Worsens Progression-Free and Overall Survival in Human Metastatic Colorectal Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Donato Lacedonia ◽  
Matteo Landriscina ◽  
Giulia Scioscia ◽  
Pasquale Tondo ◽  
Incoronata Caccavo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Overall Survival ◽  
Obstructive Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Phenotypic Expression ◽  
First Line Therapy ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Sleep disorders have emerged as highly prevalent conditions, and along with improved understanding of such disorders, increased attention has gained the evidence that perturbation in sleep architecture and continuity may initiate, exacerbate, or modulate the phenotypic expression of multiple diseases including cancer. Furthermore, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has recently been implicated in increased incidence and more adverse prognosis of cancer in humans. This study was designed to confirm the high prevalence of OSA in human malignancies and assess its prognostic relevance in metastatic colorectal carcinomas (mCRCs). A prospective cohort of 52 subjects, affected by solid histologically confirmed metastatic malignancies, was analyzed, and among them, 29 mCRCs were studied for the prognostic role of OSA. OSA was diagnosed in 34.6% (18/52) of patients with a statistically significant difference in apnea-hyponea index between OSA and non-OSA subgroups (14.2 ± 12.2 vs. 2.1 ± 1.5, p < 0.01 ). Consistently, OSA was diagnosed in 34.5% (10/29) of mCRCs with lower rates of first-line therapy disease control in OSA compared to non-OSA patients (60% in OSA vs. 94.7% in non-OSA, p = 0.03 ). Of note, progression-free and overall survival rates were significantly shorter in OSA (respectively, 9 and 22 months) compared non-OSA (20 and 40 months) mCRC patients (HR = 2.63; 95% CI 0.88–7.84, p = 0.01 for PFS; HR = 3.93; 95% CI 1.13–13.73, p < 0.001 for OS). Finally, the multivariate analysis showed that OSA is an independent prognostic factor for PFS p = 0.0076 and OS p = 0.0017 in this cohort. Altogether, these data suggest that OSA is a potential clinical marker predictor of poor prognosis in patients with mCRC.

scholarly journals Occurrence of haemoparasites in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir, north-eastern Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
I. Bitrus ◽  
H.I. Musa ◽  
I.U. Hambali ◽  
M. Konto ◽  
I. Shittu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Policy ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Livestock Productivity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Thin Blood Smears

Livestock plays a significant role in the economy of a nation but its productivity can be hampered by numerous haemoparasites thereby leading to economic losses to the livestock industry. The prevalence of haemoparasite in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir was investigated. A total of four hundred blood samples were collected at the point of slaughter, processed, and screened for haemoparasites by examining Giemsa-stained thin blood smears. An overall prevalence of 12.25% was recorded. Four haemoparasites of cattle with prevalence rates of 5.0%, 6.75%, 0.25%, and 0.25% for Anaplasma, Babesia, Microfilaria and Trypanosoma respectively were observed. The prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to sex, revealed higher infection in females (13.75%) than in males (10.0%) which were not found statistically different (P > 0.05). All breeds encountered during the study were infected with haemoparasites with the highest prevalence of 13.91 % recorded in White Fulani, Red Bororo (10.94%), and Sokoto Gudali (10.00 %), while Adamawa Gudali had the least prevalence of 0.5%. There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of haemoparasite in relation to breeds (P > 0.05). High prevalence was observed in the young (14.29%) more than the adult (11.59%) and older (12.14%). The current study has revealed the haemoparasites status in cattle slaughtered at Jalingo abattoir. Therefore, there is a need for effective preventive and control policy of these haemoparasites to enhance livestock productivity. Keywords: Abattoir, cattle, haemoparasite, prevalence, slaughter

scholarly journals Prevalence of hyperventilation syndrome in an allergy clinic, compared with a routine ENT clinic

2006 ◽  
Vol 120 (11) ◽  
pp. 924-926 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Ogata ◽  
U Bapat ◽  
Y Darby ◽  
G Scadding
Keyword(s):  
General Consideration ◽  
Allergy Clinic ◽  
Hyperventilation Syndrome ◽  
Waiting Room ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence

Objectives: A high prevalence of chronic hyperventilation syndrome in patients with asthma has been reported. We examined whether this phenomenon extended to allergy clinic patients in general and whether the prevalence was higher in patients attending a general allergy clinic compared with those attending a routine ENT clinic in our hospital.Methods: We examined the prevalence of hyperventilation syndrome in unselected, consecutive patients (n = 100) seen in an allergy clinic. The validated Nijmegen questionnaire was completed by patients in the waiting room. We also administered the questionnaire to unselected, consecutive patients (n = 100) in a routine ENT clinic.Results: There was no significant difference in prevalence of hyperventilation between allergy clinic and routine ENT clinic patients (25/100 vs 23/100).Conclusion: The result indicates a high prevalence of hyperventilation amongst hospital attendees in general. Consideration should perhaps be given to the possible role of hyperventilation in symptomatology.

scholarly journals Normal haematology and blood biochemistry of wild Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) in the Okavango Delta, Botswana

2007 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
C.J. Lovely ◽  
J.M. Pittman ◽  
A.J. Leslie
Keyword(s):  
Okavango Delta ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Size Classes ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Diagnostic Investigations

Wild Nile crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus) of various size classes were captured in the Okavango Delta, Botswana. Blood was collected from the post occipital sinus and used for the determination of a wide range of haematological and biochemical parameters. These values were compared between the sexes and between 3 size classes. The values were also compared with the limited data available from farmed Nile crocodiles, as well as from other wild Nile crocodiles. The Okavango crocodiles were comparatively anaemic, and had comparatively low total protein and blood glucose levels. There was a high prevalence of Hepatozoon pettiti infection, however, there was no significant difference in haematological values between the infected and uninfected crocodiles. The values reported here will be useful in diagnostic investigations in both zoo and farmed Nile crocodiles.

Infections with blood parasites in the small British rodentsApodemus sylvaticus,Clethrionomys glareolusandMicrotus agrestis

Parasitology ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. Healing
Keyword(s):  
Clethrionomys Glareolus ◽  
Blood Parasites ◽  
Microtus Agrestis ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Fourth Group ◽  
Blood Smears ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Capture Recapture ◽  
The Difference

SUMMARYThree populations of small wild British rodents were studied by capture–recapture methods over a period of 3 years, a fourth group was studied for 1 year and a fifth was sampled annually for 4 years. Blood smears were taken from 3 species of rodents: the woodmouseA podemus sylvaticus, the bank voleClethrionomys glareolus(and an island sub-speciesC.g. skomerensis) and the short-tailed voleMicrotus agrestis. The smears were examined microscopically. Four genera of haemoparasitesBabesia, Hepatozoon, TrypanosomaandGrahamellawere detected.Babesiawas absent fromC.g. skomerensis, Hepatozoonwas rarely found inA. sylvaticusandM. agrestisandTrypanosomawas rare inA. sylvaticus. More males were infected than females but the difference was only statistically significant for the infection withHepatozoonin adultC.g. skomerensis. Infections withBabesiaandHepatozoonwere more prevalent in adult animals and infections withTrypanosomawere more prevalent in younger individuals. Only inC.g. skomerensiswas there a significant difference between age classes in the prevalence of infection withGrahamella– there being more adults infected. Concurrent infections were detected,Hepatozoonbeing the parasite most commonly involved. The prevalence of infections was found to be approximately proportional to the number of animals known to be alive, regardless of the season.

Prophylactic Effect of Memantine on Chronic Migraine Headache

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 5327-5331
Author(s):  
Davood Kashipazha ◽  
Sahereh Emadi
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Migraine ◽  
Migraine Headache ◽  
Migraine Treatment ◽  
Prophylactic Effect ◽  
Migraine Headaches ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Mean

Given the high prevalence of migraine treatment failure and resistance to existing drugs and side effects of drugs, finding alternative therapies for refractory patients or chronic migraine is essential. Fifty four patients with migraine headaches were stochastic classified to the 2 groups: placebo and memantine. In first one, memantine is managed at a dose of 20 mg in a day, that enhanced 4 weeks to this dose, and in second group placebo was given. The severity, duration, incapacity, and frequency of migraine headache attacks were recorded at the starting of the research, and the end of first, second, third and fourth months of the study. The mean of VAS score did not have a significant difference at the beginning of the study and at the end of the first month, however here was a significant decrease in the memantine group, during the end of second, third and fourth. After 4 months of behaving, MIDAS score were 22.44±10.62 in the memantine group, when in the placebo group, this was 14.47±1.79 (p <0.0001). The outcomes shows the role of memantine on the treatment and prevention of chronic migraine headaches. In addition, the migraine headaches incidence is mainly decreased in the memantine group in comparison to placebo at the end of the research.

Role of Teachers in Building the Concept of Sustainable Development: Success or Failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz Muhammad Khan ◽  
Amber Jamshaid ◽  
Tayyibah Roohi ◽  
Amna Ramzan
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Primary School Teachers ◽  
Primary Level ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Role Of Teachers ◽  
Major Factors

Sustainable Development (SD) is a rich, challenging and thought-provoking construct in social sciences. The main purpose of this paper was to identify and explore the role played by primary school teachers in building up the idea of sustainable development (SD) among students. This paper was intended to identify that how a teacher can successfully execute the concept of SD by influencing students’ minds at the primary level. Quantitative survey technique were utilized for data collection. All the primary school teachers of Lahore division comprised the population of the study. Through multistage sampling technique, 352 primary school teachers were selected as participants of the study. A self-developed SD questionnaire incorporating four major factors (teachers’ awareness, pedagogy, curricular and co-curricular activities) with Cronbach’s alpha value = .93 was used to measure the role of teachers in building the sustainability concept among students at primary level. The results indicated a significant mean score difference among SD scores of teachers, sector wise (private and public). Furthermore, the results also reconnoitered the significant difference (p=.04) between the mean scores of female and male teachers in building up the SD concept in students’ minds.

Effectiveness Of Toilet Training Education On Mother's Behavior And Toddler Age Toilet Training Ability (18-36 Months)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-55
Author(s):  
Hafiko Andresni ◽  
Zahtamal Zahtamal ◽  
Winda Septiani ◽  
Mitra Mitra ◽  
Lita Lita
Keyword(s):  
Sampling Technique ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Toilet Training ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maternal Knowledge ◽  
Control Group Design ◽  
Significant Difference

ABSTRACT Toilet training is an effort to train children to be able to control and urinate (BAK) and defecate (BAB). Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children at toddler age. Toilet training is one of the main tasks of children in toddler age which is very important to be done to create independence in children in controlling BAK and BAB and children know the parts of the body and their functions. Data in 2012 shows that ± 60% of parents do not teach toilet training to children from an early age. The aim of the study was to find out the effectiveness of toilet training education on maternal behavior and toilet skills in toddler age training (18-36 months). The study was conducted in July-August 2018. This type of quantitative research used the design of the Quasy pretest and posttest experiment with non-equivalent control group design. Samples were 36 mothers and 36 children with purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Paired t test, Wilcoxon test, Man-Whitney test an Independent t test. The results showed that toilet training education through lecture methods, modules and maze games was more effective than toilet training education through lecture and leaflet methods on children's knowledge and abilities. Conversely, for the role of mothers in supervision there is no significant difference in effectiveness. Health education is recommended in health promotion programs to increase maternal knowledge, the role of mothers and the ability of toilet training children independently. Keywords: Toilet training, Lecture method, Module, Maze game, Leaflet, Knowledge, Role of mother, Children's ability.

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