scholarly journals Erectile function in circumcised and uncircumcised men in Lusaka, Zambia: A cross-sectional study

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Evans Chinkoyo ◽  
Michael Pather
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Erectile Function ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Education Levels

Background: Evidence from three randomised control trials in South Africa, Uganda and Kenya showing that male circumcision can reduce heterosexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection from infected females to their male partners by up to 60% has led to an increase in circumcisions in most African countries. This has created anxieties around possible deleterious effects of circumcision on erectile function (EF).Aim: To compare EF in circumcised and uncircumcised men aged 18 years and older.Setting: Four primary healthcare facilities in Lusaka, Zambia.Methods: Using a cross-sectional survey 478 participants (242 circumcised and 236 uncircumcised) from four primary healthcare facilities in Lusaka, Zambia were asked to complete the IIEF-5 questionnaire. EF scores were calculated for the two groups, where normal EF constituted an IIEF-5 score ≥ 22 (out of 25).Results: Circumcised men had higher average EF scores compared to their uncircumcised counterparts, (p < 0.001). The prevalence of erectile dysfunction was lower in circumcisedmen (56%) compared to uncircumcised men (68%) (p < 0.05). EF scores were similar in thosecircumcised in childhood and those who had the procedure in adulthood, (p = 0.59). The groups did not differ significantly in terms of age, relationship status, smoking, alcohol and medication use. A statistically significant difference was observed in education levels, with the circumcision group having higher levels of education (p < 0.005).Conclusion: The higher EF scores in circumcised men show that circumcision does not confer adverse EF effects in men. These results suggest that circumcision can be considered safe interms of EF. A definitive prospective study is needed to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Self-Harm Among School-Going Adolescent Survivors of Sexual Violence Victimisation: A Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nii-Boye Quarshie
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Study Data ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
Bullying Victimisation

Background: A growing body of evidence from high-income contexts suggests a strong association between sexual violence victimisation and self-harm and eventual suicide. However, both sexual violence and self-harm among adolescents are still less researched in sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana.Objectives: To estimate the 12-month prevalence of self-harm, and to describe the associated factors and reported reasons for self-harm among school-going adolescent survivors of sexual violence victimisation during the previous 12 months in urban Ghana.Methods: Analytic data came from a regional-based representative cross-sectional survey including in-school youth (N = 1,723) conducted in 2017 within the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. Of these, 297 (17.2%) self-reported sexual violence victimisation in the previous 12 months; this proportion of the participants (n = 297) was the focus of the current study. Items measuring sexual violence victimisation, self-harm, and correlates were adopted from the 2012 Ghana WHO–Global School-based Student Health Survey and the Child and Adolescent Self-harm in Europe Study. Data analysis involved multivariable logistic regression models.Results: The estimate of self-harm ideation during the previous 12 months was 45.8% (95% CI: 40–52), whereas the estimate of self-harm behaviour was 38.7% (95% CI: 33–44). About two in five of the participants who reported self-harm wanted to die by their last episode of the behaviour. While bullying victimisation was associated with increased odds of self-harm ideation (aOR = 1.97, 95% CI 1.17, 3.31, p = 0.010) and behaviour (aOR = 2.76, 95% CI 1.59, 4.80, p &lt; 0.001), weekly alcohol use (aOR = 2.56, 95% CI 1.32, 4.93, p = 0.005), conflict with parents (aOR = 2.30, 95% CI 1.28, 4.12, p = 0.005), and physical abuse victimisation (aOR = 1.80, 95% CI 1.03, 3.15, p = 0.037) showed strong associations with increased odds of self-harm behaviour in the past 12 months.Conclusions: The evidence underscores the need for both universal and targeted multi-level intervention and prevention programmes to mitigate the offence of sexual violence and reduce the chances of self-harm among adolescent survivors of sexual violence in urban Ghana.

scholarly journals Determinants of pregnant mothers to bypass primary health facilities and directly seek postnatal care in hospitals in Dar es Salaam region – A Community health needs assessment, Cross Sectional Study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Christopher Hokororo ◽  
Eliudi S. Eliakimu ◽  
Ruth Ngowi ◽  
Mohammed A. Mohammed ◽  
Hamisi M. Malebo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Postnatal Women ◽  
Pregnant Mothers

Abstract Introduction Dar es Salaam is the region with a large number of Primary healthcare facilities (dispensaries and health centres) outnumber the available hospitals. Although policies on referral system are available, there is a gap in terms of compliance and adherence to the governance system. Hospitals are overwhelmed with patients as compared to primary healthcare facilities, leading to poor quality of the healthcare services. The aim was to assess the needs of community members for primary healthcare services, as well as, to identify the reasons and determinants that influence mothers to bypass primary healthcare facilities.Methodology A cross-sectional study that assessed the determinants associated with pregnant mothers to bypass primary healthcare facilities in their healthcare needs. The study was conducted in Kinondoni, Ilala, Kigamboni, Temeke and Ubungo healthcare facilities in Dar es Salaam region. It targeted all postnatal women. A consecutive sampling procedure was used and a total of 544 of respondents were involved in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect information on: social demographic; Clinical factors of the mother; Health services; and provider’s factors that might contribute to the observed bypass. Data were analysed in levels of univariate, bivariate and multivariate using SPSS statistical package number 20.Results A total of 544 respondents were interviewed. Mothers who bypassed the primary healthcare facilities were 94%. After adjustment it was found that, those with income more than 1USD a day were (OR=4.27, CI=1.8- 15.4, P=0.01) more likely to bypass the primary facilities and go straight to the upper levels of healthcare facilities.Conclusions This study has found postnatal women in Dar es Salaam region are at high chance of going straight to the secondary and tertiary Hospitals without passing at primary healthcare facilities. Nine in every ten postnatal women were found to have by passed the primary healthcare facilities. Findings from this study reveals a strong and urgent need to strengthen primary healthcare facilities and as well implement the referral guidelines on all clients who seek health care to reduce the bypass.

scholarly journals Urban and Rural Disparities in Hospital Utilization among Indonesian Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agung Dwi LAKSONO ◽  
Ratna Dwi WULANDARI ◽  
Oedojo SOEDIRHAM
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Hospital Utilization ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Patient’S Satisfaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Urban Rural

Background: Equal access to healthcare facilities, patient’s satisfaction, and respect for the desire of the patient were recognized as the basic principles of each of the health care system. Each person must be given the opportunity to access health services in accordance with the requirements of their health. We aimed to prove the existence of disparities hospital utilization based on the category of urban-rural areas. Methods: The research used the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Survey (RKD) as analysis material, that was designed a cross-sectional survey. With the multi-stage cluster random sampling method, 722,329 respondents were obtained. Data were analyzed using Multinomial Logistic Regression tests. Results: The results showed adults living in urban were likely to use hospital outpatient facilities 1.246 times higher than adults living in rural areas (OR 1.246; 95% CI 1.026 – 1.030). The likelihood of utilizing at the same time outpatient and inpatient facilities at 1.134 times higher in adults living in urban than those in rural areas (OR 1.134; 95% CI 1.025 - 1.255). While for the category of hospital inpatient utilization, there was no significant difference. Conclusion: There was a disparity in hospital utilization between urban-rural areas. Urban show better utilization than rural areas in outpatient and at the same time the use of inpatient care

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Clients towards COVID-19 at Primary Healthcare Facilities in Rivers State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-73
Author(s):  
Clement Kevin Edet ◽  
Anthony Ike Wegbom ◽  
Victor Alangibi Kiri
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Preventive Practices ◽  
Rivers State

Introduction: In spite of all the measures introduced to fight the spread of the coronavirus (COVID-19) in Nigeria by relevant authorities, it is still ravaging the country. This calls for the commitment and responsibility of the citizens in their adherence to all the control measures and guidelines, whose effectiveness is dependent on their knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP). This study investigated the KAP of clients who attended primary healthcare facilities (PHFs) in Rivers State, Nigeria over the period 16th to 20th June 2020.  Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted involving the clients seeking care at the           public primary healthcare facilities in the 23 local government areas (LGAs) of Rivers State,         Nigeria as respondents. Using descriptive analysis, the results for each of the quantitative variables were presented as mean ± standard deviation, whilst those for the categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentage.  The association between the responses on KAP and demographic characteristics were tested using the Chi-square test. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with KAP and statistical significance was assessed at P<0.05. Results: Out of 460 questionnaires distributed, 434 respondents participated in the survey, revealing a 94.3% response rate. The proportion of respondents with moderate and above scores in knowledge, attitude, and COVID-19 related practices are 86.6% (62.9+23.7), 80.6% (57.6+23.0), and 58.0% (30.8+27.2) respectively. Occupation, educational level, and senatorial districts are associated with knowledge and attitude, whilst age and senatorial districts are associated with the level of adherence to preventive practices; knowledge level also has associations with both attitude and practices towards COVID-19. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, we suggest public health education programs on COVID-19 should target individuals with low knowledge levels, lower educational attainment, and those residing in the Rivers South-East senatorial zone in the promotion of their messages on COVID-19.

scholarly journals Disaster Safety Assessment in Primary Healthcare Facilities: A Cross-Sectional Study, Kurdistan, Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arezoo Yari ◽  
Yadolah Zarezadeh ◽  
Farin Fatemi ◽  
Ali Ardalan ◽  
Siamak Vahedi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Rapid Response Team ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Response Team

Abstract Primary Healthcare facilities in Iran deliver health services at all levels nationwide. Resiliency and flexibility of such facilities is important when a disaster occurs. Thus, evaluating functional, structural, and non-structural aspects of safety of these facilities is essential. In this cross-sectional study, using the safety evaluation checklist of primary healthcare centers provided by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, 805 health centers in Kurdistan Province were evaluated in terms of functional, structural, and non-structural safety. The levels of total, functional, structural, and non-structural safety were equal to 28.7, 23.8, 20.2, and 42.3 out of 100 respectively. Regarding the functional preparedness, the highest score was related to rapid response team, while the lowest score was belonged to financial affairs. Nevertheless, in structural and non-structural areas, the scores of different items were almost similar to one another. Both Iran and Kurdistan Province are disaster-prone areas. This study concluded that the safety score of primary healthcare facilities in total was unsatisfactory. Thus, promoting preparedness, resilience and continuity of service delivery is essential during disasters and emergencies. The finding of this study could be beneficial for national and provincial decision-makers and policymakers in this regard

STUNTING AND DEVELOPMENTAL DELAYS AMONG CHILDREN AGED 6–59 MO

2020 ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
HARDYA GUSTADA HIKMAHRACHIM ◽  
SUDARTO RONOATMODJO
Keyword(s):  
Primary Healthcare ◽  
Developmental Delays ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Primary Healthcare Clinics ◽  
National Prevalence

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between stunting and suspected developmental delay status in Kabupaten Bogor. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Puskesmas Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor, Indonesia, from February to April 2019. We included children aged 6–59 mo who visited outpatient clinics. All eligible children underwent standardized anthropometric examinations and developmental milestone assessments using the Denver II tool. Both bivariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate any associations. Results: From 184 children, 76 (41.3%) were stunted and 82 (44.57%) had suspected developmental delays, both relatively higher than the national prevalence. Overall, developmental delays were associated with stunting (64.5% vs. 30.6%; adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.45; 95% CI: 1.76–6.76; p = 0.000). In subgroup analyses, stunting was independently associated with suspected delays in fine motor skills (26.3% vs. 12.9%; AOR: 2.49; 95% CI: 1.00–6.18; p = 0.049), personal‑social development (35.5% vs. 12.0%; AOR: 2.75; 95% CI: 1.24–6.12; p = 0.013) and language skills (27.6% vs. 12.9%; AOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.28–6.77; p = 0.011) after multivariate analyses with sex, age and undernutrition as confounding factors in the final model. Conclusion: Stunting had a strong association with developmental delays among children visiting primary healthcare clinics. Stakeholders should focus on both the detection and prevention of stunting and developmental delays in primary healthcare facilities.

Impostorism among the undergraduate students of Bangladesh: A cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Shahjalal ◽  
Ahmed Hossain ◽  
Most Fatematujjuhora ◽  
Arifa Sultana ◽  
Shatabdee Hawlader ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Performance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Imposter Phenomenon ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The University

Abstract Background Imposter Phenomenon (IP) is a highly prevalent behavioural health issue affecting individual professional performance and regular activity. The current study focused on evaluating IP prevalence and assessing the factor contributing to IP among undergraduate students of Dhaka city. This was an analytical cross-sectional survey performed among undergraduate students between August to December 2020. The Young Imposter Scale (YIS) was used to determine the dichotomous assessment for the presence or absence of IP. Results Among the recruited 1,139 students, 378 (33%) had imposter syndrome. The prevalence was relatively higher (34%) among males compared to females (32%). Around one third (31.6%) reported that they face problems in sleeping. Our analysis shows that the sleeping problem of the student (p=<0.01) and academic year (p=0.04) had a statistically significant association with IP. Students who completed two academic years were more likely to have IP (AOR:1.18; 95% CI: 1.01-1.41). There was a statistically significant difference in the experience of IP across who had a sleeping problem than those who didn’t (AOR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.25-1.90). Conclusion Our study revealed a relatively high prevalence of IP among undergraduate students, affecting their professional lives. Awareness-raising programmes should be arranged at the university level to help students to cope up with IP.

scholarly journals Sero-Epidemiological Study of Hepatitis E Virus among Thalassemia as High Risk Patients: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Jahrom, Southern, Iran

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdolreza Sotoodeh Jahromi ◽  
Abbas Ahmadi-vasmehjani ◽  
Hassan Zabetian ◽  
Hossein Hakimelahi ◽  
Alireza Yusefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ig G

<p>Hepatitis E virus (HEV) could be cause of viral hepatitis in the developing countries and cause severe epidemics. According to other studies, blood transfusion as a probable route of HEV infection has been suggested. An infection with hepatitis agents such as HEV causes active liver failure in multi-transfusion patients in particular thalassemia. The purpose of this study determines the seropositivity of anti-HEV antibodies in thalassemia individuals in Jahrom. In a cross-sectional study, sera from 110 thalassemia were collected between 2013 and 2014. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was performed to detection of anti-HEV antibodies. Individuals’ data were collected such as, demographic and clinical, for statistical analysis. Our results show that 10% and 1.8% of the enrolled patients were HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive antibodies respectively. In addition, there was statiscally significant difference in age groups for prevalence of anti-HEV Ig-G (P = 0.01). Also the serum levels of liver enzymes such as ALT and AST in the HEV Ig-G and Ig-M positive samples were significantly higher than anti-HEV negative samples. But there were no significant difference between sex and splenectomy with anti-HEV positive samples. The results indicate more study are needed to assess HEV screening of blood products to these patients that those have a probably risk of exposure to HEV especially in higher years old. </p>

scholarly journals Adolescents’ beliefs and perceptions of acne vulgaris: A cross-sectional study in Montenegrin schoolchildren

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253421
Author(s):  
Milena Ražnatović Đurović ◽  
Janko Janković ◽  
Milica Đurović ◽  
Jelena Spirić ◽  
Slavenka Janković
Keyword(s):  
Secondary School ◽  
Water Consumption ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diet Change ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Health Related

Background Acne is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease with a high prevalence in adolescent and early adult years. The aim of this study was to assess the self-perceived beliefs of Montenegrin secondary school pupils regarding the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors. Methods This cross-sectional survey of the pupils was conducted during October and November 2020 in four randomly selected public secondary schools in Podgorica, Montenegro. All 500 pupils were asked to fill in a questionnaire that included questions on age, sex, presence of acne, perceived acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, and sources of their information about acne. Results A total of 500 pupils, 234 (46.8%) boys, and 266 (53.2%) girls, aged 14−17 years, participated in the study. Acne was self-reported in 249 (49.8%) pupils, whereas 251 (50.2%) did not report acne. Factors most often believed to aggravate acne were inadequate face washing (85.0%), hormones (84.0%), sweets (82.0%), greasy food (72.6%), makeup (71.2%), and stress (67.8%). Overall the most prevalent acne ameliorating factors were cosmetic treatment (80.4%), increased water consumption (77.6%), a diet change to a healthier food choice (77.4%), and being on school holidays (62.2%). Girls reported more frequently that genetics, stress, sweets consumption, inadequate face wash, and makeup are acne exacerbating factors, whilst cosmetic treatment, increased water consumption, smoking, and being on school holidays are acne ameliorating factors. Boys more frequently considered the benefit of losing weight. There was no statistically significant difference between pupils with and without acne in perceived factors, except for cosmetic treatment. Those with acne more frequently believed in the benefits of cosmetic treatment. Conclusions Many adolescents’ self-perceived beliefs about factors that aggravate and ameliorate acne are myths and misconceptions without evidence-based justification. More efforts are needed to educate pupils about the acne aggravating and ameliorating factors, its health-related consequences, and the treatment possibilities.

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