Anticedents to entrepreneurial intentions: Testing for measurement invariance for cultural values, attitudes and self-efficacy beliefs across ethnic groups

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Urban ◽  
Jurie J. Van Vuuren ◽  
Rina H. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
South African ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
African Culture ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Multicultural Research ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Building on previous research on antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions, various measures were tested across different ethnic groups in South Africa. Factorial homogeneity is an important attribute for any scale intended for use in multicultural research, and since tests of equivalency are not routinely applied, this article hypothesised measurement invariance across ethnic groups. Theoretical discussions on Hofstede’s (2001) value survey module (VSM 94), attitudes towards and beliefs about entrepreneurial intentions, general self-efficacy (GSE), and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) preceded the use of statistical analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis based on 210 respondents indicated that equivalence for the underlying factors across the different ethnic groups could not be established, and that the three groups demonstrated different underlying structures. In conclusion, stereotypic declarations of an integrated South African culture were not supported by this research in terms of entrepreneurial intentions and their antecedents.

Is the General Self-Efficacy Scale a Reliable Measure to be used in Cross-Cultural Studies? Results from Brazil, Germany and Colombia

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno F. Damásio ◽  
Felipe Valentini ◽  
Susana I. Núñes-Rodriguez ◽  
Soeren Kliem ◽  
Sílvia H. Koller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
German Population ◽  
Average Difference ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Configural Invariance ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
General Self Efficacy

AbstractThis study evaluated cross-cultural measurement invariance for the General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES) in a large Brazilian (N = 2.394) and representative German (N = 2.046) and Colombian (N = 1.500) samples. Initially, multiple-indicators multiple-causes (MIMIC) analyses showed that sex and age were biasing items responses on the total sample (2 and 10 items, respectively). After controlling for these two covariates, a multigroup confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was employed. Configural invariance was attested. However, metric invariance was not supported for five items, in a total of 10, and scalar invariance was not supported for all items. We also evaluated the differences between the latent scores estimated by two models: MIMIC and MGCFA unconstraining the non-equivalent parameters across countries. The average difference was equal to |.07| on the estimation of the latent scores, and 22.8% of the scores were biased in at least .10 standardized points. Bias effects were above the mean for the German group, which the average difference was equal to |.09|, and 33.7% of the scores were biased in at least .10. In synthesis, the GSES did not provide evidence of measurement invariance to be employed in this cross-cultural study. More than that, our results showed that even when controlling for sex and age effects, the absence of control on items parameters in the MGCFA analyses across countries would implicate in bias of the latent scores estimation, with a higher effect for the German population.

Psychometrical Properties of a French Version of the General Self-Efficacy Short Scale (ASKU)

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Jean Philippe Décieux ◽  
Philipp Emanuel Sischka ◽  
Anette Schumacher ◽  
Helmut Willems
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
German Version ◽  
French Version ◽  
Context Variable ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
French Speaking ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Abstract. General self-efficacy is a central personality trait often evaluated in surveys as context variable. It can be interpreted as a personal coping resource reflecting individual belief in one’s overall competence to perform across a variety of situations. The German-language Allgemeine-Selbstwirksamkeit-Kurzskala (ASKU) is a reliable and valid instrument to assess this disposition in the German-speaking countries based on a three-item equation. This study develops a French version of the ASKU and tests this French version for measurement invariance compared to the original ASKU. A reliable and valid French instrument would make it easy to collect data in the French-speaking countries and allow comparisons between the French and German results. Data were collected on a sample of 1,716 adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a good fit for a single-factor model of the data (in total, French, and German version). Additionally, construct validity was assessed by elucidating intercorrelations between the ASKU and different factors that should theoretically be related to ASKU. Furthermore, we confirmed configural and metric as well as scalar invariance between the different language versions, meaning that all forms of statistical comparison between the developed French version and the original German version are allowed.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Dukungan Sosial dan Selfefficacy Terhadap Orientasi Masa Depan Pada Remaja

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Dwirifqi Kharisma Putra ◽  
Nia Tresniasari
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Future Orientation ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Social ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The Future ◽  
Social Provisions ◽  
General Self Efficacy ◽  
Orientation Test

Teenage years determines success in the future. Good teenagers are who are responsible to their own success in the future, known as future orientation. Given how important future orientation is, researchers examined variables which affect future orientation, thus future orientation can be optimalized. Dimensions of social support and self-efficacy chosen as independent variables. Respondents of this study were 326 students of one of high school in Jakarta. Future orientation, measured using Orientation Test–Revised developed by Scheir, Carver, and Bridges (1994). Social Support, measured using The Social Provisions Scale developed by Cutrona and Russel (1987). Self-efficacy, measured using General Self-efficacy Scale developed by Bosscher and Smit (1998). Instruments' validity were tested using Confirmatory Factor Analysis and data was analysed using Multiple Regression Analysis. α=0.05, result of this study shows future orientation was affected by dimensions of social support, self-efficacy, and interaction between reassurance and self-efficacy with R-square = 30.3%.

scholarly journals The influence of a ropes course development programme on the self-concept and self-efficacy of young career officers

2006 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Stadler ◽  
M E Kotze
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
The Self ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Course Development ◽  
Ropes Course ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
General Self Efficacy ◽  
Experimental Group

The aim of this study was to determine whether adventure training could be utilised to enhance the self-concepts and self-efficacy of young career officers in the South African National Defence Force. A quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, post-test and post-post-test was used. Two measuring instruments were administered, namely the Self-description Questionnaire III and the General Self-efficacy Scale. No statistically significant improvement was measured in the various dimensions of the self-concepts and self-efficacy of members of the experimental group, but some encouraging indications of change in the experimental group were observed after the intervention. The implications of the findings are discussed further. Opsomming Die doel van hierdie studie was om te bepaal of avontuurgerigte opleiding gebruik kan word om die selfkonsep en selfdoeltreffendheid van jong beroepsoffisiere in die Suid-Afrikaanse Nasionale Weermag te bevorder. ’n Kwasieksperimentele ontwerp met ’n voortoets, na-toets en na-na-toets is gebruik. Twee meetinstrumente is aangewend, naamlik die 'Self-description Questionnaire III' en die 'General Self-efficacy Scale'. Hoewel geen statisties beduidende verbetering in die verskillende dimensies van die selfkonsep en selfdoeltreffendheid van lede van die eksperimentele groep gemeet is nie, is bemoedigende aanduidings van verandering in die eksperimentele groep na die intervensie waargeneem. Die implikasies van die bevindinge word verder bespreek.

ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE RAINBOW NATION: EFFECT OF CULTURAL VALUES AND ESE ON INTENTIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 11 (03) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
BORIS URBAN
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Regression Analysis ◽  
Cultural Values ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Multicultural Society ◽  
Five Dimensions ◽  
Multiple Tests

Because of South Africa's multicultural society, different cultural values were hypothesized to influence proclivity toward entrepreneurship across ethnic groups. Building on previous research conducted on ethnicity and entrepreneurship, selected findings were investigated to formulate hypotheses and contextualize the study. By adapting entrepreneurial intentions to reflect entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) as a separate measure of feasibility to start a business, principal component analysis was conducted to verify the construct validity of the measures and internal consistency was established. The latest VSM 94 was used to capture the five dimensions of culture. ANOVA and Duncan's multiple tests indicated some significant differences across ethnic groups, while correlation and multiple regression analysis demonstrated that it was the ESE beliefs rather than cultural values that influence intentions.

scholarly journals Testing measurement invariance of the learning programme management and evaluation (LPME) scale across gender using multi-group confirmatory factor analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-131
Author(s):  
Maelekanyo C. Tshilongamulenzhe
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Invariance ◽  
South African ◽  
Factor Loading ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Development Context ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Occupational Learning

The purpose of this study was to test measurement invariance of the LPME scale across gender using multi-group CFA. The LPME scale was developed to measure the effectiveness of management and evaluation practices pertaining to occupational learning programmes in the South African skills development context. A non-experimental cross-sectional survey was conducted with 389 human resource practitioners and apprentices/learners. The results indicate that the LPME scale is invariant between males and females at the levels of configural, metric and strong invariance. The number of factors/constructs, pattern of item factor loading, latent constructs variances and covariances, and the reliability of the LPME scale and its dimensions are equivalent between males and females.

scholarly journals Psychometric properties of the general self-efficacy scale in a Colombian sample

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Juárez ◽  
Francoise Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Convergent And Discriminant Validity ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Specific Manner ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
General Self Efficacy ◽  
Unidimensional Structure

The self-efficacy construct has been studied from two different viewpoints. Firstly, in a specific manner, as it was originally proposed and secondly, in a generalized way, defined as an optimistic self-belief of personal capability to cope efficiently and competently with a variety of situations. In order to measure this construct at the broadest level the General Self Efficacy Scale (GSE) was designed and adapted to Spanish in Costa Rica. This study aimed at validating the scale in a Colombian sample composed of college students. Participants were also administered the Situational Personality Questionnaire (named in Spanish as Cuestionario de Personalidad Situacional, CPS) and its factors have, theoretically speaking, a certain relationship with the studied construct. According to the results, the GSE showed a high internal consistency (Cronbachs alpha value of .83). Convergent and discriminant validity of this instrument were evaluated through the CPS and positive correlations were obtained with efficacy, confidence, self-concept and emotional stability while negative correlations were obtained with anxiety. Through exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the unidimensional structure of the scale was validated.

scholarly journals Examining the Relationship between Psychological Capital and Entrepreneurial Intention: An Exploratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francoise Contreras ◽  
Inge de Dreu ◽  
Juan C. Espinosa
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Business Students ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽  
Life Orientation Test ◽  
Life Orientation ◽  
Resilience Scale ◽  
The Individual ◽  
General Self Efficacy

The aim of this study is determine if Entrepreneurial Intention is related to Psychological Capital in business students. Self-efficacy, Hope, Optimism and Resiliency, which are all dimensions of psychological capital, were assessed with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Hope Scale (HS), the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) and the Resilience Scale (RS), respectively. The Entrepreneurial Intention was assessed through five statements. According to the results, Entrepreneurial Intention is related to all dimensions of Psychological Capital, mainly with Self-efficacy and Resilience. Psychological Capital as an integrated construct was related to Entrepreneurial Intention as a whole. These findings provide additional evidence about the importance to study Psychological capital as an integrated construct instead of studying its dimensions separately, even more so when studied in relation to Entrepreneurial Intention. In spite of the advances in the knowledge about the individual differences related to entrepreneurial intentions, it is necessary to continue studying this phenomenon, considering that the results are still scarce and inconclusive.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document