scholarly journals Foot and ankle biomechanics

2000 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Hunter ◽  
J. Fortune
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Ankle Complex ◽  
Biomechanics Of The Foot ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ankle Biomechanics

Foot and ankle injuries are common in sportsmen and the general population. The impact that the functional anatomy and biomechanics of the foot and ankle complex has on normal gait is reviewed. The abnormal biomechanics associated with overpronation and oversupination are discussed, as are their consequences. The management principles of foot and ankle injuries are briefly described.

In Silico Finite Element Analysis of the Foot Ankle Complex Biomechanics: A Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phong Phan ◽  
Anh Vo ◽  
Amirhamed Bakhtiarydavijani ◽  
Reuben Burch ◽  
Brian K. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Fe Model ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Ankle Complex ◽  
Biomechanics Of The Foot

Abstract Computational approaches, especially Finite Element Analysis (FEA), have been rapidly growing in both academia and industry during the last few decades. FEA serves as a powerful and efficient approach for simulating real-life experiments, including industrial product development, machine design, and biomedical research, particularly in biomechanics and biomaterials. Accordingly, FEA has been a "go-to" high biofidelic software tool to simulate and quantify the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex, as well as to predict the risk of foot and ankle injuries, which are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries among physically active individuals. This paper provides a review of the in silico FEA of the foot-ankle complex. First, a brief history of computational modeling methods and Finite Element (FE) simulations for foot-ankle models is introduced. Second, a general approach to build a FE foot and ankle model is presented, including a detailed procedure to accurately construct, calibrate, verify, and validate a FE model in its appropriate simulation environment. Third, current applications, as well as future improvements of the foot and ankle FE models, especially in the biomedical field, are discussed. Lastly, a conclusion is made on the efficiency and development of FEA as a computational approach in investigating the biomechanics of the foot-ankle complex. Overall, this review integrates insightful information for biomedical engineers, medical professionals, and researchers to conduct more accurate research on the foot-ankle FE models in the future.

The impact of the Major Trauma Network: will trauma units continue to treat complex foot and ankle injuries?

Injury ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005-2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.G.C. Hay-David ◽  
S.A. Clint ◽  
R.R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Major Trauma ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Trauma Network ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
The Impact

Foot and Ankle Related Sex-Specific Analysis Within High-Impact Journals

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna L. Gianakos ◽  
Nicole George ◽  
Meghan Merklein ◽  
Lori Chambers ◽  
Richard Ferkel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Model ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
High Impact ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Level Of Evidence ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Specific Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

Background: The impact of patient sex on the prevalence of foot and ankle injuries has been established. Reporting of differences on treatment outcomes is lacking. The purpose of this study was to identify trends in sex-specific outcomes across high-impact journals over a 5-year time period. Methods: Two independent investigators reviewed journal issues published during 2 calendar years (2011 and 2016) in the 5 highest-impact orthopedic foot and ankle/sports subspecialty journals ( Foot & Ankle International [ FAI], Foot and Ankle Surgery [ FAS], American Journal of Sports Medicine [ AJSM], Arthroscopy, and Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy [ KSSTA]). Studies were stratified into those that involved sex-specific analysis (SSA), where sex was a variable in a multifactorial statistical model, and those that only reported sex as a demographic characteristic or utilized sex-matched cohorts. Results: A total of 473 studies evaluating a total of 273 128 patients met criteria. An average of 43.9% (119 967 patients) of the population were female. Only 16.7% (79/473) of studies included sex as variable in a statistical model. Thirteen percent (25/193) and 19.3% (54/280) of studies reported SSA in 2011 and 2016, respectively. FAI was the only journal demonstrating a significant improvement of reporting SSA from 2011 to 2016 ( P < .002). Thirty percent (24/79) of studies that performed SSA demonstrated significant differences between male and female outcomes. Conclusion: Reporting of SSA in the orthopedic literature continued to be lacking. Only 16.7% of all articles evaluated in 2011 and 2016 performed SSA, with 30% of this subset reporting a statistically significant difference in outcomes. Level of Evidence: Level III, comparative study.

Ankle Motion and Offloading in Short Leg Cast and Low and High Fracture Boots

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 1416-1423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nickolas Nahm ◽  
Michael J. Bey ◽  
Serena Liu ◽  
S. Trent Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Surface Force ◽  
Surface Forces ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
High Fracture ◽  
Ankle Motion ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
The Impact

Background: Short leg casts (SLCs) and fracture boots are used to treat foot and ankle injuries, but the decision to use one device over the other is often subjective. This study compared the impact of SLCs and low and high fracture boots on ankle motion and offloading. Methods: Twenty healthy adults were prospectively studied. High-speed dynamic radiography was utilized to determine tibiotalar range of motion in the sagittal plane during nonweightbearing (NWB) and weightbearing (WB) gait in a shoe (control), SLC, and low and high fracture boots. Sensors captured peak plantar surface forces to determine ankle offloading. Results: In NWB, the low fracture boot (2.2 ± 2.0 degrees), high fracture boot (2.3 ± 1.6 degrees), and SLC (2.3 ± 1.5 degrees) had significantly less motion compared with the control (3.6 ± 2.1 degrees; P ≤ .026). During WB, the SLC (3.4 ± 1.4 degrees) and high fracture boot (4.8 ± 2.0 degrees) had less motion compared with the low fracture boot (7.8 ± 3.4 degrees; P < .001). Finally, the SLC (172.6% ± 48.3% body weight [BW]) and low fracture (165.1% ± 36.2% BW) and high fracture (154.5% ± 32.9% BW) boots were associated with less peak plantar surface force compared with the control (195.0% ± 43.8% BW; P ≤ .087). Conclusion: The SLC and high fracture boot immobilized the ankle in NWB and offloaded and immobilized the ankle in WB. The low fracture boot also immobilized the ankle in NWB, but in WB, the low fracture boot only offloaded the ankle and did not immobilize it. Clinical Relevance: The low fracture boot may be more suited for NWB or possibly immobilizing the foot in WB.

Design for Improved Trans-Tibial Prosthetic Devices Using Four Bar Mechanisms

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph G. Wells ◽  
Philip A. Voglewede ◽  
David N. Rocheleau
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Optimization ◽  
Nonlinear Response ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Prosthetic Devices ◽  
Human Foot ◽  
Below The Knee ◽  
Normal Gait ◽  
Ankle Complex

Currently available prosthetic devices for trans-tibial (below the knee) amputees allow a great deal of mobility, but they do not allow amputees to walk with a normal gait. Most designs utilize passive elements to approximate the complex nonlinear response of the foot and ankle. This paper outlines early work in the design of a hybrid passive/active prosthesis that uses the inherent nonlinearity of a four bar mechanism and the power of numerical optimization to more closely duplicate the function of the human foot/ankle complex during walking.

Psychological Impacts of COVID-19 During the First Nationwide Lockdown in Vietnam: Web-Based, Cross-Sectional Survey Study (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khanh Ngoc Cong Duong ◽  
Tien Nguyen Le Bao ◽  
Phuong Thi Lan Nguyen ◽  
Thanh Vo Van ◽  
Toi Phung Lam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
General Population ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND The first nationwide lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic was implemented in Vietnam from April 1 to 15, 2020. Nevertheless, there has been limited information on the impact of COVID-19 on the psychological health of the public. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of psychological issues and identify the factors associated with the psychological impact of COVID-19 during the first nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam. METHODS We employed a cross-sectional study design with convenience sampling. A self-administered, online survey was used to collect data and assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants from April 10 to 15, 2020. The Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) were utilized to assess psychological distress, depression, anxiety, and stress of participants during social distancing due to COVID-19. Associations across factors were explored using regression analysis. RESULTS A total of 1385 respondents completed the survey. Of this, 35.9% (n=497) experienced psychological distress, as well as depression (n=325, 23.5%), anxiety (n=195, 14.1%), and stress (n=309, 22.3%). Respondents who evaluated their physical health as average had a higher IES-R score (beta coefficient [B]=9.16, 95% CI 6.43 to 11.89), as well as higher depression (B=5.85, 95% CI 4.49 to 7.21), anxiety (B=3.64, 95% CI 2.64 to 4.63), and stress (B=5.19, 95% CI 3.83 to 6.56) scores for DASS-21 than those who rated their health as good or very good. Those who self-reported their health as bad or very bad experienced more severe depression (B=9.57, 95% CI 4.54 to 14.59), anxiety (B=7.24, 95% CI 3.55 to 10.9), and stress (B=10.60, 95% CI 5.56 to 15.65). Unemployment was more likely to be associated with depression (B=3.34, 95% CI 1.68 to 5.01) and stress (B=2.34, 95% CI 0.84 to 3.85). Regarding worries about COVID-19, more than half (n=755, 54.5%) expressed concern for their children aged &lt;18 years, which increased their IES-R score (B=7.81, 95% CI 4.98 to 10.64) and DASS-21 stress score (B=1.75, 95% CI 0.27 to 3.24). The majority of respondents (n=1335, 96.4%) were confident about their doctor’s expertise in terms of COVID-19 diagnosis and treatment, which was positively associated with less distress caused by the outbreak (B=–7.84, 95% CI –14.58 to –1.11). CONCLUSIONS The findings highlight the effect of COVID-19 on mental health during the nationwide lockdown among the general population in Vietnam. The study provides useful evidence for policy decision makers to develop and implement interventions to mitigate these impacts. CLINICALTRIAL

scholarly journals Determinants of participation and quality of life of young adults with cerebral palsy: longitudinal approach and comparison with the general population – SPARCLE 3 study protocol

BMC Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Arnaud ◽  
Carine Duffaut ◽  
Jérôme Fauconnier ◽  
Silke Schmidt ◽  
Kate Himmelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Cerebral Palsy ◽  
Young People ◽  
General Population ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Effective inclusion in society for young people with disabilities is increasingly seen as generating opportunities for self-development, and improving well-being. However, significant barriers remain in the vast majority of activities meaningful for young adults. Research argues that various personal (disabilities, health) and environmental (access to the resources needed, accessible environment, discrimination, lack of personal economic independence) factors contribute to limited participation. However, previous studies conducted in young people with cerebral palsy (CP) mainly investigated the transition period to adulthood, and did not fully consider the whole range of impairment severity profiles or environmental barriers. In this study, we will use the follow-up of the SPARCLE cohort and a comparison group from the general population (1) to investigate the impact of the environment on participation and quality of life of young adults with CP, (2) to determine predictors of a successful young adulthood in educational, professional, health and social fields, (3) to compare quality of life and frequency of participation in social, work and recreational activities with the general population, (4) to document on participation and quality of life in those with severe disabilities. Methods The SPARCLE3 study has a combined longitudinal and cross-sectional design. Young adults with CP aged 22 to 27 years in 6 European regions previously enrolled in the SPARCLE cohort or newly recruited will be invited to self-complete a comprehensive set of questionnaires exploring participation (daily life and discretionary activities), health-related quality of life, body function, personal factors (health, personal resources), and contextual factors (availability of needed environmental items, family environment, services provision) during home visits supervised by trained researchers. Proxy-reports or adapted questionnaires will be used for those with the most severe impairments. The recruitment of a large group from the general population (online survey) will enable to identify life areas where the discrepancies between young people with CP and their able-bodied peers are the most significant. Discussion This study will help identify to what extent disabilities and barriers in environment negatively affect participation and quality of life, and how previous valued experiences during childhood or adolescence might modulate these effects.

Foot and Ankle Injections in Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 194173812110036
Author(s):  
Jonathan K. Ochoa ◽  
Christopher E. Gross ◽  
Robert B. Anderson ◽  
Andrew R. Hsu
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Platelet Rich Plasma ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Autologous Blood ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Placental Tissue ◽  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Level Of Evidence

Context: Injections are commonly used by health care practitioners to treat foot and ankle injuries in athletes despite ongoing questions regarding efficacy and safety. Evidence Acquisition: An extensive literature review was performed through MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and EBSCOhost from database inception to 2021. Keywords searched were injections, athletes, sports, foot and ankle, corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma, and placental tissue. Search results included articles written in the English language and encompassed reviews, case series, empirical studies, and basic science articles. Study Design: Clinical review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Corticosteroids, platelet-rich plasma/autologous blood, anesthetic, and placental tissue injections are commonly used in the treatment of foot and ankle injuries. Primary indications for injections in athletes include plantar fasciitis, Achilles tendinosis, isolated syndesmotic injury, and ankle impingement with varying clinical results. Conclusions: Despite promising results from limited case series and comparative studies, the data for safety and efficacy of injections for foot and ankle injuries in athletes remain inconclusive.

Diagnosis and Management of Foot and Ankle Injuries in Dancers

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia L. Iafrate ◽  
Christine E. Townsend ◽  
Charles Scott ◽  
Hye-Jin Yun ◽  
Allison Ventola ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ankle Injuries ◽  
Foot And Ankle ◽  
Diagnosis And Management

scholarly journals Relation of severe COVID-19 in Scotland to transmission-related factors and risk conditions eligible for shielding support: REACT-SCOT case-control study

BMC Medicine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. McKeigue ◽  
David A. McAllister ◽  
David Caldwell ◽  
Ciara Gribben ◽  
Jen Bishop ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Population ◽  
Rate Ratio ◽  
Conditional Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Attributable Risk ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Recent Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Clinically vulnerable individuals have been advised to shield themselves during the COVID-19 epidemic. The objectives of this study were to investigate (1) the rate ratio of severe COVID-19 associated with eligibility for the shielding programme in Scotland across the first and second waves of the epidemic and (2) the relation of severe COVID-19 to transmission-related factors in those in shielding and the general population. Methods In a matched case-control design, all 178,578 diagnosed cases of COVID-19 in Scotland from 1 March 2020 to 18 February 2021 were matched for age, sex and primary care practice to 1,744,283 controls from the general population. This dataset (REACT-SCOT) was linked to the list of 212,702 individuals identified as eligible for shielding. Severe COVID-19 was defined as cases that entered critical care or were fatal. Rate ratios were estimated by conditional logistic regression. Results With those without risk conditions as reference category, the univariate rate ratio for severe COVID-19 was 3.21 (95% CI 3.01 to 3.41) in those with moderate risk conditions and 6.3 (95% CI 5.8 to 6.8) in those eligible for shielding. The highest rate was in solid organ transplant recipients: rate ratio 13.4 (95% CI 9.6 to 18.8). Risk of severe COVID-19 increased with the number of adults but decreased with the number of school-age children in the household. Severe COVID-19 was strongly associated with recent exposure to hospital (defined as 5 to 14 days before presentation date): rate ratio 12.3 (95% CI 11.5 to 13.2) overall. The population attributable risk fraction for recent exposure to hospital peaked at 50% in May 2020 and again at 65% in December 2020. Conclusions The effectiveness of shielding vulnerable individuals was limited by the inability to control transmission in hospital and from other adults in the household. Mitigating the impact of the epidemic requires control of nosocomial transmission.

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