scholarly journals ’n Vergelyking tussen die kardiostres-indekse van ’n aktiewe en ’n sedentêre populasie

2013 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peet Du Toit ◽  
Paola Wood ◽  
Catherina C. Grant ◽  
Evangeline Nortje ◽  
Michael Kleynhans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Military Training ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Vascular Pathology ◽  
Tertiary Institution ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
The Impact

Our modern lifestyle often results in the importance of physical exercise being overlooked. The increasingly passive way of life has resulted in a notable increase in the prevalence of lifestyle disorders, such as hypertension and some forms of vascular pathology. This study compares the cardio-stress indices (CSIs) of active and sedentary individuals to provide insight into the impact of the significant changes that have taken place in the modernised society. The active population consisted of 217 military recruits who had completed 20 weeks of basic military training. The sedentary population (n = 126) was sourced from a traditional tertiary institution where the focus is on attending lectures. Participants from both populations were required to attend three testing sessions, which were held during Week 1, Week 12 and Week 20. Subjects underwent a non-invasive ViportTM test to measure their CSI, heart rate and QRS duration. The results showed that although baseline readings for CSI, blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were initially higher among the active population, the commencement of the physical training programme resulted in a steady decline in respect of these three factors to approach healthier margins. However, the CSI for neither population reached the normal range, indicating that although physical activity reduces physiological stress levels, other key factors, namely lifestyle stress levels, must also be taken into account. The study supports the notion that increased physical activity has the potential to reduce the predisposition of an individual to cardiovascular disorders and contributes towards establishing the effect of training on heart health by using CSI as a means of measurement.

scholarly journals Effects of physical fitness training on metabolic syndrome among military personnel in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
pp. bmjmilitary-2020-001761
Author(s):  
Che-Fu Chang ◽  
Y-C Wu ◽  
C-H Lai ◽  
P-C Chen ◽  
Y-L Guo
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Fitness Training ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionMetabolic syndrome (MS) is strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases and diabetes but can be prevented with regular physical activity. This study aimed to assess the impact of a physical fitness training programme on MS among military personnel.MethodsThis retrospective observational study included volunteer army soldiers who underwent annual health examinations between 2011 and 2014. In 2011, the reformed physical fitness training programme and physical fitness test were introduced to the participants. MS evaluation and physical fitness performances were evaluated before and after implementing the training programme using a mixed-effects model and generalised estimating equation, adjusted for sex, age and smoking.ResultsFrom 2011 to 2014, 1720 soldiers underwent the annual health examination. In 2011, before the fitness programme, 246 soldiers (14.3%) had MS. After implementation, decreases in blood pressure and fasting glucose levels were observed and maintained for 3 years. Running performance was negatively correlated to triglycerides (ß=−11.37; p<0.001) and waist circumference (ß=−0.42; p<0.001) and positively correlated to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (ß=2.14; p<0.001). The severity of MS was reduced following introduction of the physical fitness programme.ConclusionsMS and its components improved after introducing the reformed fitness programme, with running performance proving to be most relevant to MS. Clinicians should encourage increased physical activity to prevent MS among military personnel.

scholarly journals The Impact of COVID-19 on Physical Activity Behavior and Well-Being of Canadians

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 3899 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris A. Lesser ◽  
Carl P. Nienhuis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Physical Activity Behaviour ◽  
Physical Activity Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Active Population ◽  
Activity Behavior ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

A global pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) resulted in restrictions to daily living for Canadians, including social distancing and closure of city and provincial recreation facilities, national parks and playgrounds. The objective of this study was to assess how these preemptive measures impacted physical activity behaviour and well-being of Canadians. An online survey was utilized to measure participant physical activity behavior, nature exposure, well-being and anxiety levels. Results indicate that while 40.5% of inactive individuals became less active, only 22.4% of active individuals became less active. Comparatively, 33% of inactive individuals became more active while 40.3% of active individuals became more active. There were significant differences in well-being outcomes in the inactive population between those who were more active, the same or less active (p < 0.001) but this was not seen in the active population. Inactive participants who spent more time engaged in outdoor physical activity had lower anxiety than those who spent less time in outdoor physical activity. Public health measures differentially affected Canadians who were active and inactive and physical activity was strongly associated with well-being outcomes in inactive individuals. This suggests that health promoting measures directed towards inactive individuals may be essential to improving well-being.

Testing the impact of physiological stress response on police performance during critical job tasks

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lois James ◽  
Michael S. Goldstein ◽  
Peter Lecy ◽  
Stephen Mase
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
The Body ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
The Impact

PurposeTo add to the existing body of knowledge on the relationship between stress and job performance in policing, we monitored police officers' physiology using Hexoskin shirts while they responded to simulated scenarios.Design/methodology/approachWe employed mixed repeated measures (baseline, intervention, post-intervention), between groups (treatment vs control group) design. Using this approach, our aims were (1) to determine whether an individualized physiological stress profile—a combination of heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), sympathetic nervous system (SNS) index and parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) index—could be developed for each participant; (2) to investigate the association between physiological stress and scenario performance and (3) to pilot test an intervention for decreasing physiological stress in real time.FindingsWe found that it was possible to individualize physiological stress profiles for each participant that alerted us when the participant was becoming stressed. We also found that physiological stress was significantly and negatively/inversely associated with scenario performance. However, our intervention to try and decrease participants' stress in real time was not successful. Several key lessons can be taken from our attempt that could inform future efforts in this area.Research limitations/implicationsThis was a small pilot study, precluding generalizability of results. Furthermore, our intervention was simplistic and potentially affected by an experimenter effect. Future research should explore better ways to intervene when officers are becoming physiologically stressed to help them overcome stress in real time and safeguard against the cumulative effects of stress on health and performance.Originality/valueThis research adds to the body of knowledge on physiological stress and job-task performance in police officers.

scholarly journals Heart rate variability during pre-competition and competition periods in volleyball players

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Podstawski ◽  
Michał Boraczyński ◽  
Danuta Nowosielska-Swadźba ◽  
Danuta Zwolińska
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cardiac Conduction ◽  
Total Power ◽  
Time Analysis ◽  
Volleyball Players ◽  
Competition Period ◽  
The Impact

Summary Study aim: Regular exercise training is thought to modify cardiac autonomic control. One of the body’s responses to training stimuli is heart rate variability (HRV). The use of HRV in the management of sport training is a common practice. The objective of the present study was to assess the impact of the physical activity level on HRV of 1st league national volleyball players prior to and during the competition period. Materials and methods: The study involved 11 players whose HRV was evaluated during the two analysed training periods. Selected indicators of spectral analysis (total power, %VLF, % LF, % HF powers, LF n.u, HF n.u, and LF/HF powers) as well as time analysis (HR, RR, RMSSD, NN50) were assessed on the basis of recordings. Results: The studies conducted in the pre-competition and competition periods showed significant differences in the parameters of spectral VLF% analysis and time NN50 analysis. In the competition period, a significant increase in VLF [%] may be the result of increased psycho-physical arousal, when compared to the pre-competition period. ] Conclusions: Resting bradycardia, assessed on the basis of time analysis indicators, may be the result of internal changes in the sinus node, which reflects the impact of long-term training on the cardiac conduction system. A high level of physical activity of volleyball players in the tested periods could have contributed to a reduction in vagal tone and a shift in the balance of the autonomic nervous system in the direction of the sympathetic system, which may be the result of overtraining

The impact of a multi-component physical activity programme in low-income elementary schools

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 517-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V Massey ◽  
Megan B Stellino ◽  
Megan Holliday ◽  
Travis Godbersen ◽  
Rachel Rodia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Training Programme ◽  
Fifth Grade ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Fifth Grade Students ◽  
The Impact

Objective: To identify the effects of a structured and multifaceted physical activity and recess intervention on student and adult behaviour in school. Design: Mixed-methods and community-based participatory approach. Setting: Large, urban, low-income school district in the USA. Methods: Data were collected at three time points over a 1-year period. Sources included recess observations at four elementary schools, in-class behavioural observations of fifth-grade students ( n = 21) and focus groups with fourth- and fifth-grade students ( n = 75). Results: Results suggested an increased amount of positive interactions between adults and students and a decreased amount of conflict in the playground post intervention. Results also suggested that a peer-leadership training programme had beneficial effects on students’ classroom behaviour. Conclusion: Results from this study provide evidence that school recess can be used to teach social–emotional competencies that can impact student behaviour during recess and in the classroom.

scholarly journals Inhaled Hydrogen Sulfide

2008 ◽  
Vol 108 (4) ◽  
pp. 659-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gian Paolo Volpato ◽  
Robert Searles ◽  
Binglan Yu ◽  
Marielle Scherrer-Crosbie ◽  
Kenneth D. Bloch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Production ◽  
The Impact

Background Breathing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has been reported to induce a suspended animation-like state with hypothermia and a concomitant metabolic reduction in rodents. However, the impact of H2S breathing on cardiovascular function remains incompletely understood. In this study, the authors investigated the cardiovascular and metabolic effects of inhaled H2S in a murine model. Methods The impact of breathing H2S on cardiovascular function was examined using telemetry and echocardiography in awake mice. The effects of breathing H2S on carbon dioxide production and oxygen consumption were measured at room temperature and in a warmed environment. Results Breathing H2S at 80 parts per million by volume at 27 degrees C ambient temperature for 6 h markedly reduced heart rate, core body temperature, respiratory rate, and physical activity, whereas blood pressure remained unchanged. Echocardiography demonstrated that H2S exposure decreased both heart rate and cardiac output but preserved stroke volume. Breathing H2S for 6 h at 35 degrees C ambient temperature (to prevent hypothermia) decreased heart rate, physical activity, respiratory rate, and cardiac output without altering stroke volume or body temperature. H2S breathing seems to induce bradycardia by depressing sinus node activity. Breathing H2S for 30 min decreased whole body oxygen consumption and carbon dioxide production at either 27 degrees or 35 degrees C ambient temperature. Both parameters returned to baseline levels within 10 min after the cessation of H2S breathing. Conclusions Inhalation of H2S at either 27 degrees or 35 degrees C reversibly depresses cardiovascular function without changing blood pressure in mice. Breathing H2S also induces a rapidly reversible reduction of metabolic rate at either body temperature.

scholarly journals Physiological Measurements of Stress Preceding Incidents of Challenging Behavior in People With Severe to Profound Intellectual Disabilities: Longitudinal Study Protocol of Single-Case Studies (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rianne Simons ◽  
Renske Koordeman ◽  
Peter de Looff ◽  
Roy Otten
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Challenging Behavior ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Recurrence Quantification ◽  
Stress Levels ◽  
Cross Recurrence Quantification

BACKGROUND Clients with severe to profound intellectual disabilities (SPID) and challenging behavior (CB) and the professional caregivers that support them are vulnerable to high stress levels, which negatively impact their well-being and the quality of care. CB is thought to result from an increase in the intensity and frequency of clients’ stress experiences. In turn, staff members experience stress in dealing with this behavior, and stressed staff members might behave in ways that increase clients’ stress levels, contributing to the origin and maintenance of CB. Research into these dyadic interactions between clients and staff is scarce for people with SPID, especially in real-life situations. The barriers of studying stress in this population include clients’ difficulties in communicating stress experiences and the lack of an objective continuous measure of stress. OBJECTIVE This paper presents a protocol for studying patterns of physiological stress in 15 client-caregiver dyads in the 30 minutes preceding incidents of CB compared to control periods without CB and the interplay between the stress levels of clients and professional caregivers. METHODS We will conduct 15 single-case studies to assess patterns of physiological stress in dyads of clients with SPID and professional caregivers prior to CB in several Dutch residential institutes. Client-caregiver dyads will wear the Empatica E4 wristband for 20 sessions of 3 to 8 hours without interruptions of daily routines while caregivers report clients’ CB. The physiological measures obtained will be electrodermal activity (microsiemens) and heart rate (beats per minute). A multilevel model with repeated measures at the incident level nested within the person level will be applied, employing separate models for electrodermal activity and heart rate to compare stress levels in the 30 minutes prior to incidents with control epochs. Covariates in the models include movement, temperature, and gender. In addition, cross-recurrence quantification analyses will be performed to study the synchronization between the stress levels of clients and professional caregivers. RESULTS The Ethics Committee of the Radboud University (NL-number: NL71683.091.19) approved the study on February 12, 2020. In total, 15 organizations have declared their commitment to participate in the study. The first result is expected in the spring of 2022. CONCLUSIONS Study results will demonstrate whether changes in patterns of electrodermal activity and heart rate are apparent in the 30 minutes preceding an incident of CB compared to baseline levels when the client does not engage in CB. The synchronization between caregivers’ and clients’ physiological stress levels will be explored with cross-recurrence quantification analyses. Insights into the physiological stress levels of clients and caregivers may contribute to a reduction of CB and an improvement of both clients’ and caregivers’ safety and well-being. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT DERR1-10.2196/24911

scholarly journals Modification of Diurnal Cortisol Secretion in Women’s Professional Basketball. A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (17) ◽  
pp. 8961
Author(s):  
Irene Sánchez ◽  
Jose Enrique de la Rubia Ortí ◽  
Jose Luis Platero ◽  
Gonzalo Mariscal ◽  
Carlos Barrios
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Basketball Players ◽  
Professional Basketball ◽  
The Impact

Elite basketball training causes high levels of physiological stress, which can lead to negative physiological disorders in female athletes. The aim of this study was to establish the impact of physical activity on the rhythm of salivary cortisol secretion in elite female basketball players over one week. The population sample included 9 women professional basketball players. The control group was made up of 9 women who did not do any exercise. Saliva samples were collected from all participants at 9:00 a.m. and 11:00 p.m. on training days. Samples from the basketball group showed a significantly higher cortisol secretion. Moreover, from the second night, the pattern of cortisol secretion of these players was reversed, showing higher levels of cortisol in saliva at night than in the morning. The results suggest that the secretion rhythm changed over the course of the week and according to competitive demands.

scholarly journals The Impact of Body Mass Index on Physical Activity and Cardiac Workload

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myra Jane Bloom ◽  
Lakin Mckenzie Brown ◽  
Scarlet Rae Jost ◽  
Andrew Stuart Ian Donald Lang ◽  
Nancy Viola Mankin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
University Students ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Heart Rates ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
The Impact

AbstractBackgroundHaving an abnormal body mass index (BMI) adversely affects cardiac workload and level of physical activity.ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between cardiac workload, physical activity, Sex, and BMI.MethodsThe number of steps taken per day (Steps) and minutes per week spent in targeted heart rate zones were collected from primarily first and second year university students (n = 1,801; 62% female) over a standard, 15-week long semester. Other data collected included BMI, Sex, Age, and Class Standing. Sex differences in BMI, Steps, and training heart rate zone (heart rates above 50% of max) minutes (THR) were evaluated, correlations between the study parameters were analyzed, and one-way ANOVA was used to test between competing models. The values p < .05 were considered statistically significant.ResultsStatistically significant (p < .05) differences between males and females were found for Steps, THR, and BMI. Males were more physically active but spent 18% less time with heart rates above 50% of max. Students who had abnormal BMI values, both low and high, experienced greater cardiac workload (p < .05), even though they were found to be less physically active (p < .05).ConclusionOur study revealed that university students with abnormal BMI values experienced greater cardiac workload, even though they are less physically active. Thus, physical fitness and healthy lifestyle interventions should also include underweight students in addition to students who are overweight or obese.

scholarly journals Acute relaxation during pregnancy leads to a reduction in maternal electrodermal activity, changes in cardiovascular activity and subjective stress levels depending on the week of gestation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilena Bauer ◽  
Julia Hartkopf ◽  
Anna-Karin Wikström ◽  
Nora Schaal ◽  
Hubert Preissl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Maternal Stress ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Electrodermal Activity ◽  
Skin Conductance Level ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Stress Levels

Background: Prenatal maternal stress can have adverse effects on birth outcomes and fetal development. Relaxation techniques have been examined as one potential countermeasure. This study investigates different relaxation techniques and their effect on mood and physiological stress levels in pregnant women.Methods: 36 pregnant women (30 to 40 weeks of gestation) were randomly assigned to one of three groups: music, guided imagery or resting. Dependent measures included self-report questionnaires, subjective ratings of stress levels as well as physiological measures, i.e. cardiovascular and electrodermal activity.Results: All three forms of relaxation led to reduced maternal stress: decreased heart rate and decreased skin conductance levels. Based on heart rate, skin conductance level and stress ratings there were no significant differences between relaxation interventions. Subjective post-intervention stress ratings indicated that more relaxation occured after intervention in earlier gestation than in late gestation.Conclusion: Independent of relaxation technique, a 20-minute period of acute relaxation can reduce maternal stress. Notably, women earlier in pregnancy reported to be more relaxed after the intervention than women later in gestation. Hence, gestational age can influence perceived stress levels and should be considered when evaluating relaxation or stress management interventions during pregnancy.

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