A study on the hematological parameters and brain acetylcholine esterase activity in immobilization induced stress and co-treatment with Centella asiatica leaves extract to wistar rats

Background: Centella asiatica (L.) Urb is a native herb from Asian countries such as India, China, and Indonesia. This herb has been widely used as a cure for various diseases. However, studies investigating the aqueous extract of Centella asiatica as a nootropic in healthy individuals are still very limited.Objective: This study aims to investigate the potential of aqueous extract of Centella asiatica in enhancing cognitive function of healthy male Wistar rats.Methods: Rats were randomly allocated to four treatment groups, i.e. without treatment and aqueous Centella asiatica extract at doses of 200, 400 and 800 mg/kg. To determine enhancement of cognitive function, novel object recognition (NOR) test was conducted after the course of treatment. Acetylcholine content was assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Results: There was a significantly high preference index towards the novel object in the NOR test in groups treated with 200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg of the aqueous extract compared to control. This was further confirmed by a significant increase of brain acetylcholine content in rats treated with 200 mg/kg of the extract.Conclusion: Therefore, this study confirms that the aqueous extract is effective in enhancing cognitive performance of healthy Wistar rats.

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EVALUATION OF LEARNING AND MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF COCCINIA GRANDIS FRUITS IN RATS

Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics ◽

10.22270/jddt.v8i5.1944 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 430-436

Author(s):

YC Yashashwini

Keyword(s):

Lipid Peroxidation ◽

Superoxide Dismutase ◽

Learning And Memory ◽

Esterase Activity ◽

Acetylcholine Esterase ◽

Vehicle Group ◽

Coccinia Grandis ◽

Group I ◽

Brain Acetylcholine ◽

Memory Enhancing

Objectives: To assess the learning and memory enhancing activity of the Coccinia grandis fruits in rats using Elevated plus maze (EPM), Hebb-William maze (HWM) and Morris water maze (MWM ) and to evaluate brain Acetylcholine esterase activity, lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione. Materials and methods: Wistar rats (100-150 gm) of either sex, were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group-I (control) animals received vehicle, Group-II animals received diazepam(1 mg/kg i.p), Groups III ,IV and V animals received Coccinia grandis- 500 mg/kg p.o, 1000 mg/kg p.o and Piracetam (400 mg/kg i.p) respectively for 27 days, followed by diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p) single dose on 19th and 27th day. Assessment of transfer latency (TL), time taken to reach reward chamber (TRC) and swim latency (SL) was done on 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 27th day using EPM, HWM and MWM respectively. Rats were sacrificed on 28th day, brain acetylcholine esterase activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase levels were estimated. The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Coccinia grandis decreased TL, TRC and SL in comparison to diazepam treated rats, decreased acetylcholine esterase activity and lipid peroxidation, and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase in brain. Conclusion: The Coccinia grandis enhanced learning and memory activity. This nootropic effect can be attributed to their antioxidant and neuroprotective property. Keywords: Memory, EPM, HWM, MWM, Piracetam, Diazepam.

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Cerebral acetylcholine esterase activity in mild cognitive impairment

Neuroreport ◽

10.1097/01.wnr.0000177007.21732.7b ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 16 (13) ◽

pp. 1431-1434 ◽

Cited By ~ 45

Author(s):

Karl Herholz ◽

Simon Weisenbach ◽

Elke Kalbe ◽

Nico J. Diederich ◽

Wolf-Dieter Heiss

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Esterase Activity ◽

Acetylcholine Esterase

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RESVERATROL INCLUSION COMPLEX WITH β-CYCLODEXTRIN (RCD): CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF TOXICITY IN WISTAR RATS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2017v9i1.15399 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 27 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

V. S. K. Nishihira ◽

N. J. Mezzomo ◽

M. D. Baldissera ◽

R. A. Vaucher ◽

C. G. Pinto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Inclusion Complex ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Density Lipoprotein ◽

Blood Parameters ◽

Control Group ◽

Scanning Calorimetry

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterise the resveratrol inclusion complex with β-cyclodextrin (RCD) and evaluate their toxicity in wistar rats.Methods: The RCD were prepared in ultra-turrax. For characterization of the RCD were used: Fourier transform infra-red Spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction. The RCD and others 4 treatments were performed by the chronic oral administration in 35 rats during 60 ds. After the treatments they were euthanized and the serum blood were collected to analyzed some hemogram and biochemical parameters including aspartyl aminotransferase (AST); alanine aminotransferase (AST); phosphatase alkaline (ALP); total bilirubin (TB); direct bilirubin (DB); total protein (TP); total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TAG), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), calcium, iron and phosphate using fully automated biochemistry analyzer.Results: The characterization results indicated a successful formation of the RCD. All hematological parameters analysed were within the normal values in all the groups. Furthermore, the hemogram and biochemical parameters were significantly (P>0.05) similar to the control group.Conclusion: The daily oral administration during 60 d of RCD are not harmful on blood parameters of Wistar rats. Thus, RCD can be used safely for treatment of some metabolic diseases.

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The effect of ethanol extract of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress

Biofarmasi Journal of Natural Product Biochemistry ◽

10.13057/biofar/f080102 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

BAARID LUQMAN HAMIDI ◽

SAMIGUN SAMIGUN ◽

ANIK LESTARI

Keyword(s):

Restraint Stress ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Radial Maze ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

Ethanol Extract ◽

The Body ◽

Control Group ◽

Error Type ◽

Stress Group ◽

Significant Difference

Hamidi BL, Samigun, Lestari A. 2010. The effect of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) on the performance of Wistar rats after restraint stress. Biofarmasi 8: 11-16. The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of extract ethanol of pegagan (Centella asiatica) after treated with restraint stress by measuring the eight arms radial maze performance of rats. Pre-test and post-test controlled groups design was applied in this research. Male Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) with the mean age of 8 weeks and the body weight of 150-200 grams which used for sample were divided randomly into 4 groups, each group consisted of 6 rats, i.e. (i) control group (without any treatment), (ii) stress group (it was given by restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat), (iii) pegagan group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan), and (iv) pegagan and stress group (it was given by 0.3 mg/g BW/day/rat extract ethanol of pegagan and restraint stress for 2 hours/day for each rat). The treatments were given for 21 days. Within 12 days for each pre-treatment and post-treatment, a test on the eight arm radial maze was conducted on individual rat to observe its performance. The assessment of rat performance in the eight arms radial maze test was conducted based on error type B. Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests with SPSS for Windows 16 version were applied to analyze statistically the difference between four groups. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to show the significant performance level difference between four groups of rats with p=0.001, while Mann-Whitney test was used to determine the significant difference between stress group and pegagan group (p=0.001), also stress group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.001). The result of research showed that there was no significant difference between control group and stress group (p=0.051), control group and pegagan group (p=0.143), control group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.143), also pegagan group and pegagan and stress group (p=0.952). It was concluded that extract ethanol of pegagan improved the performances of rats on the eight arms radial maze after treated with restraint stress.

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A 90-Day Oral Toxicity of Hydroethanolic Root Extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar Rats

Journal of Toxicology ◽

10.1155/2021/5570206 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Komlan M. Dossou-Yovo ◽

Aboudoulatif Diallo ◽

Povi Lawson-Evi ◽

Yendubé T. Kantati ◽

Tchin Darré ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Biochemical Parameters ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

Relative Weight ◽

Control Group ◽

Root Extract ◽

Weight Changes ◽

Oral Toxicity ◽

Significant Difference

Background. Herbal medication is a worldwide and ancient practice, mostly in developing countries, where a large part of the population is involved in this practice. Hence, studies must be conducted to evaluate their safety and efficiency to avoid or prevent toxicological risks due to their usage. In Togo, Carissa spinarum is a medicinal plant belonging to Apocynaceae family, used as an aphrodisiac or to heal some ailments including malaria, sickle cell anemia, hypertension, pain, and asthma. Notwithstanding its several ethnomedicinal benefits, just a few toxicological data associated with its chronic use are available. Objective. Therefore, this study aims to assess the toxicity of an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum in Wistar rats. Methods. The 90-day oral toxicity process following OECD TG 408 guidelines is used. Male Wistar rats received Carissa spinarum root hydroethanolic extract at 500 and 1000 mg/kg for 90 days by oral gavage. Body weight changes, hematological and blood biochemical parameters, organ weight changes, malondialdehyde as a lipoperoxidation marker expressed according to tissue proteins, and histopathology of vital organs were assessed. Results. No signs of toxicity or mortality were observed during the 90 days experiment. Hematological parameters have not shown any treatment-related abnormalities. According to biochemical parameters, an increase in the chloride ion level was observed at 1000 mg/kg p < 0.01 . There was no significant difference between the treated groups and the control group concerning the malondialdehyde concentration, body weight, and organ relative weight. No changes in necropsy and histopathology of vital organs associated with extract treatment were observed. Conclusion. The results indicated that an ethanolic root extract of Carissa spinarum does not cause adverse effects, which can lead to Wistar rats’ death after 90-day oral administration at 500 and 1000 mg.

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The effect of dermal benzophenone-2 administration on immune system activity, hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis activity and hematological parameters in male Wistar rats

Toxicology ◽

10.1016/j.tox.2018.04.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 402-403 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Żaneta Broniowska ◽

Joanna Ślusarczyk ◽

Beata Starek-Świechowicz ◽

Ewa Trojan ◽

Bartosz Pomierny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune System ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Hematological Parameters ◽

System Activity ◽

Pituitary Thyroid Axis ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

Thyroid Axis

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Hepatoprotective effect of chewable tablet of Centella asiatica (L.) Urb extractin Wistar rats induced by high fat diets

Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy ◽

10.22146/ijpther.1128 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Akrom ◽

Feri Anggita Hastanto ◽

Laela hayu Nurani

Keyword(s):

Wistar Rats ◽

Serum Triglyceride ◽

Centella Asiatica ◽

High Fat ◽

Chewable Tablet ◽

High Fat Diets ◽

Group 3 ◽

Group 5 ◽

Group 2 ◽

Fat Diets

Gotukola or Centella asiatica (L.) Urban contains high flavonoids which well known as fatty liver protector. This study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effect of chewable tablet of C. asiatica (L.) Urb extract (CTCE) in Wistar rats induced by high fat diets. Twenty-one Wistar male rats aged 8-12 weeks with body weight ranging from 100-150 g were used in this study. Rats were randomly divided into seven groups i.e. Group 1 as normal control, rats were given standard food, Group 2 as high fat diets control, rats were induced high fat diets (HFD),Group 3 as positive control, rats were induced HFD and given simvastatin, Group 4 as placebo control, rats were induced HFD and given placebo, Group 5-7 as treatment group, rats were induced HFD and given CTCE at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg BW, respectively. The HFD induction was conducted for five weeks andthe CTCE was given for one week in the last week of the induction. At the end of the intervention, blood triglyceride levels and SGPT as well SGOT activities were examined. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with confidence interval of 95% (p<0.05) was applied. The results showed that the HFD induction increased the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity. The serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity of Group 2 were significantly higher than Group 1 (p<0.05). Furthermore, the simvastatin and CTCE administration reduced the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity. The serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity of Group 3, 5, 6and 7 were significantly lower than Group 2 and 4 (p<0.05). In addition, the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity of Group 5, 6 and 7 were significantly lower than Group 3 (p<0.05). In conclusion, CTCE can reduce the serum triglyceride levels and SGPT activity in Wistar rats induced by HFD.

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EVALUATION OF ANTISTRESS ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CHROMOLAENA ODORATA LEAVES IN ALBINO WISTAR RATS

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i11.35452 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 50-55

Author(s):

VANITA KANASE ◽

SANA SHAIKH

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Wistar Rats ◽

Forced Swim Test ◽

Ethanolic Extract ◽

Force Swim Test ◽

Chromolaena Odorata ◽

Biochemical Alterations ◽

Swim Test ◽

Induced Stress ◽

Immobility Time

Objective: The objective of this study was to study the effect of ethanolic extract of Chromolaena odorata (EECO) Linn. on acute restraint stress (ARS)-induced stress-like behavior and biochemical alterations in albino Wistar rats. Methods: The ARS was induced by immobilizing the rats for a period of 12 h using rodent restraint device preventing them from any physical movement. Immediately, after 12 h rats were released and doses were given to each rat. 40 min post-release various behavioral parameters such as immobility time in force swim test and tail suspension test (TST), locomotor activity in open field test (OFT), and oxidative stress parameters and biochemical alterations in rat brain tissue were also performed. Statistical Analysis: Expression of data was done as mean±standard error of mean. The normally distributed data were subjected to one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Experimental findings revealed that rats subjected to ARS exhibited significant increase in immobility time in forced swim test and TST models, decrease in locomotor activity in OFT model, and increase in malondialdehyde formation and impaired superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities in hippocampus and cerebral cortex as compared to non-stressed rats. EECO treatment (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) significantly attenuated immobility time, locomotion, and restored the antioxidant enzymes after ARS. Conclusion: EECO significantly alleviated ARS-induced stress-like behavior.

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