scholarly journals EVALUATION OF LEARNING AND MEMORY ENHANCING ACTIVITY OF COCCINIA GRANDIS FRUITS IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 430-436
Author(s):  
YC Yashashwini
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Esterase Activity ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Coccinia Grandis ◽  
Group I ◽  
Brain Acetylcholine ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Objectives: To assess the learning and memory enhancing activity of the Coccinia grandis fruits in rats using Elevated plus maze (EPM), Hebb-William maze (HWM) and Morris water maze (MWM ) and to evaluate brain Acetylcholine esterase activity, lipid peroxidation, Superoxide dismutase, Catalase, Glutathione.  Materials and methods: Wistar rats (100-150 gm) of either sex, were divided into 5 groups (n=6). Group-I (control) animals received vehicle, Group-II animals received diazepam(1 mg/kg i.p), Groups III ,IV  and V animals received Coccinia grandis- 500 mg/kg p.o, 1000 mg/kg p.o and Piracetam (400 mg/kg i.p) respectively for 27 days, followed by diazepam (1 mg/kg i.p) single dose on 19th and 27th day. Assessment of transfer latency (TL), time taken to reach reward chamber (TRC) and swim latency (SL) was done on 16th, 17th, 18th, 19th and 27th day using EPM, HWM and MWM respectively. Rats were sacrificed on 28th day, brain acetylcholine esterase activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase levels were estimated. The data was analyzed by one way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s test. P ≤ 0.05 was considered significant. Result: Coccinia grandis decreased TL, TRC and SL in comparison to diazepam treated rats, decreased acetylcholine esterase activity and lipid peroxidation, and increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione and catalase in brain. Conclusion: The Coccinia grandis enhanced learning and memory activity. This nootropic effect can be attributed to their antioxidant and neuroprotective property. Keywords: Memory, EPM, HWM, MWM, Piracetam, Diazepam.

scholarly journals PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TRIPHALA CHURNA INSTREPTOZOTOCIN (I. C. V.) INDUCED DEMENTIA IN RATS

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 97
Author(s):  
Purabi Deka ◽  
Arun Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Memory Impairment ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Group ◽  
Glutathione Level

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the memory improving activity of Triphala Churna hydro-methanolic fruit extract on learning and memory functions in Streptozotocin (I. C. V) induced dementia in rats by using morris water maze and elevated plus maze.Methods: A total of 42 albino wistar rats weighing 80-100 g were randomized into 7 equal groups as follows: Normal control group received normal saline (1 ml/kg p. o.) for 24 d, STZ treated group (3 mg/kg, i. c. v) were administered in two dosage regimen i.e. on first day and third day.), Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Vitamin E (100 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d, Standard group: Streptozotocin (3 mg/kg i. c. v)+Rivastigmine (2 mg/kg/day p. o.) were administered for 21 d. The learning and memory-impaired rats were treated with Triphala Churna Formulation 1, Triphala Churna Formulation 2 and Triphala Churna Formulation 3 for 21 d (100 mg/kg p. o.). AchE activity, lipid peroxidation, superoxide dismutase, glutathione level of brain homogenate was estimated in Control/STZ (I. C. V)/Standard/Triphala Churna fruits extract treated rats.Results: Administration of Triphala Churna fruits extract significantly restored learning and memory impairment induced by STZ (I. C. V) in the elevated plus maze and morris water maze. Furthermore, in the TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group brain AchE level was decreased (P≤0.01) as well as brain lipid peroxidation was also decreased (P≤0.001). Brain antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione level were increased (P≤0.001) in the TPLC1 and TPLC2 treated group when compared to the STZ treated group, TPLC F2 and TPLC F3 treated group showed significant (P≤0.001, P≤0.01) increase in superoxide dismutase level. Conclusion: Triphala Churna fruits extract has an improving effect on learning and memory impairment rats produced by Streptozotocin (I. C. V) and may have a useful effect in the treatment of dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

scholarly journals BIOACTIVITY-GUIDED ISOLATION OF MEMORY-ENHANCING COMPOUND FROM CHLOROFORM EXTRACT OF ROOTS OF PLUMBAGO ZEYLANICA LINN.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 497
Author(s):  
Vaibhav Uplanchiwar ◽  
Gupta Mk ◽  
Rupesh K Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Acetyl Cholinesterase ◽  
Plumbago Zeylanica ◽  
Water Test ◽  
Chloroform Methanol ◽  
Brain Acetylcholine ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Aim: The main aim of our study is to isolate the active compound from roots of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. by bioactivity-guided isolation and evaluate its memory-enhancing effect by Morris water maze.Methods: Roots were extracted by successive solvent methods by petroleum ether, chloroform, methanol, butanol, and finally, water. Chloroform extract was selected for isolation, and plumbagin was isolated by hexane and ethyl acetate as solvent system. Plumbagin was evaluated by Morris water test, and brain acetylcholine esterase level was measured.Result: Plumbagin showed a significant decrease of escape latency and increase of time spent in target quadrant by mice in Morris water maze indicating improvement of learning and memory. It also significantly decreases the cholinesterase level in the brain.Conclusion: Learning and memory of mice doubtless may be through embarrassment of brain acetyl cholinesterase activity and through involvement of GABA-benzodiazepine pathway. Further detailed study is required to explore the other possible mechanisms for the management of cognitive disorders.

EFFECT OF DROTAVERINE, A PHOSPHODIESTERASE 4 INHIBITOR IN SCOPOLAMINE-INDUCED COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN RATS

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-102
Author(s):  
KAYALVIZHI MK
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Group I ◽  
Y Maze ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Objective: Cognitive impairment (CI) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder and causes significant dementia in the elderly. Intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling has been well established in the mediation of memory. Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of cAMP and/or cyclic GMP. Drotaverine is a novel non-anticholinergic smooth muscle antispasmodic which acts by inhibiting PDE-4. It is now clinically used in smooth muscle spasms (intestinal, biliary and renal colic, irritable bowel syndrome, uterine spasms, etc.) without anticholinergic side effects. Since Drotaverine has PDE4 inhibition property, its role in learning and memory was evaluated in this study and found that it has memory enhancing effect comparable with donepezil in scopolamine-induced CI in rats. Methods: Learning and memory were assessed with two behavioral models, namely, elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y maze. CI was produced by scopolamine. Rats were divided into five groups, Group I treated with normal saline, Group II treated with scopolamine, and Groups III, IV, and V were treated with donepezil, Drotaverine, and both, respectively. Results: The result analysis revealed significant differences in transfer latency in EPM performance between Groups III, IV, V and Group II (***p<0.001). The results of spontaneous alternation in Y maze show that there was a significant difference among all the treatments groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: Drotaverine has promising memory enhancing effect in CI induced by scopolamine in rats. Further clinical trials are needed to prove this finding which has been elicited in animal models.

scholarly journals Pharmacological Screening of Viola odorata L. for Memory-Enhancing Effect via Modulation of Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Biomarkers

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uzma Saleem ◽  
Sundas Hira ◽  
Fareeha Anwar ◽  
Muhammad Ajmal Shah ◽  
Samia Bashir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
Memory Retention ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Viola Odorata ◽  
Group I ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Purpose: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that is caused by neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. The present study aimed to characterize and then investigate the memory-enhancing potential of Viola odorata methanolic extract in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)–treated mice.Methods:V. odorata characterization was done by using the GCMS technique. Neuroinflammation was induced by the intracerebroventricular administration of LPS at a dose of 12 µg. Animals were divided randomly into six groups (n = 10). Group I was normal control, which was given vehicle. Group II was disease control, which received LPS (12 µg) via the intracerebroventricular route. Group III was standard, which was administered with donepezil (3 µg) orally for 21 days. Groups IV–VI were the treatment groups, which were administered with the extract at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose levels orally respectively for 21 days. Groups III–VI received LPS (12 µg) on the first day along with their treatments. During the treatment, the animals were assessed for memory retention by employing different behavioral paradigms namely elevated plus maze, passive avoidance, foot shock and open field. Various mediators [endogenous antioxidants, neurotransmitters, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)] involved in the pathogenesis of AD were quantified by using the UV spectrophotometric method.Results: Extract-treated groups showed a remarkable improvement in cognitive impairment in all behavioral paradigms. Oxidative stress biomarkers, that is, superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione were raised dose-dependently in the treatment groups with a dose-dependent decrease in the malonaldehyde and AChE levels in the brains of the treated animals. The treatment groups showed decreased levels of inflammatory biomarkers, that is, tumor necrosis factor–alpha, nuclear factor kappa light-chain enhancer of activated β-cells, and cyclo-oxygenase, which supports the therapeutic effectiveness of the treatment.Conclusion: Based on behavioral, oxidative stress biomarker, and neuroinflammatory data, it is concluded that V. odorata possesses memory-enhancing activity and may prove a beneficial role in the management of AD.

scholarly journals Antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis

2010 ◽  
Vol 63 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 450-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavica Golubovic ◽  
Ivana Stankovic ◽  
Lidija Ristic ◽  
Vladan Cosic ◽  
Ivanka Djordjevic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Enzyme Level ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation Products ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lipid Peroxidase ◽  
Group Ii

Introduction. A lot of studies have dealt with the oxidative stress in pulmonary diseases, and some of them with tuberculosis as well. The aim of this study was to examine the antioxidant enzyme level (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase) and the lipid peroxidation products in patients with tuberculosis. Material and methods. Forty patients with tuberculosis were included in the study. The examined parameters were measured before and three weeks after the beginning of the antituberculosis treatment (group I). The control group included 40 healthy persons (group II). Results. The superoxide dismutase level was significantly lower in group I in both measurements (p<0.001 and p<0.01) in relation to group II, but there were no significant changes in its level during the therapy. During the treatment, the glutation peroxidase level significantly increased (p<0.05), and in relation to group II, its level was significantly lower in both measurements in group I (p<0.001 and p<0.001). The catalase level significantly increased during the treatment, but there was no significant difference in relation to group II level. There was no significant difference in relation to the lipid peroxidase products between the groups. Discussion. Our study group had reduced antioxidant enzyme level and some of them showed significant improvement during the treatment. The lipid peroxidase product level was stable. Conclusion. In patients with tuberculosis the antioxidative status is lower and its level and possible development of the oxidative stress depend on the disease severity.

scholarly journals Memory Enhancing Activity of Saraswatarishta in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 2033-2039
Author(s):  
Bhagyashri D. Rajopadhye ◽  
Ranjana A. Sahasrabudhe
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Preventive Measure ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group I ◽  
Memory Enhancing

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a gradual decline in memory. Incidence of Alzheimer's disease increases with age. The disease incidence is 1% in 60 year olds & increases to 30 % at 85 years age. Hence this disease is already having enormous magnitude in today's graying world. Current treatment of Alzheimer’s disease includes- cholinesterase inhibitors& N-methyl- D-aspartate antagonists, but the benefit observed is modest. In traditional medicine Saraswatarishta is being used as memory enhancer for centuries. Brahmi, one of its major ingredients, is also being used to treat Alzheimer’s. So present study was undertaken for authentication of traditional claims of Saraswatarishta as a memory-enhancing agent. Five groups of mice (6 mice in each) were used for this study. Control group (group I) received distilled water, Group II received Saraswatarishta (2.5ml/kg) single dose and Group III received Saraswatarishta (2.5ml/kg) for 2wks. Group IV was given Diazepam (1mg/kg) to produce amnesia. For Group V, Saraswatarishta (2.5ml/kg) was given for 2wks followed by Diazepam (1mg/kg). Effect of Saraswatarishta on learning and memory of mice was studied using elevated plus maze model (EPM). Reduction in TL (Transfer Latency) indicates improvement in learning or memory and prolongation indicates impairment. Diazepam induced prolongation of TL is an accepted model of dementia. In our study, 2 weeks daily treatment of Saraswatarishta completely prevented impairment of learning and memory by Diazepam, corroborating the Ayurvdic use of Saraswatarishta and Brahmi, its major ingredient in the management of dementia. Saraswatarishta can be used as preventive measure to overcome demensia in Alzheimer’s disease.

scholarly journals Synergistic Effect of Quercetin and α-Lipoic Acid on Aluminium Chloride Induced Neurotoxicity in Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sooad Saud Al-Otaibi ◽  
Maha Mohamad Arafah ◽  
Bechan Sharma ◽  
Abdullah Salih Alhomida ◽  
Nikhat Jamal Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Lipoic Acid ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Acetylcholine Esterase ◽  
Aluminium Chloride ◽  
Protective Effects

Objectives. The present study was carried out to study the protective effects of quercetin and α-lipoic acid alone and in combination against aluminum chloride induced neurotoxicity in rats. Materials and Methods. The study consisted of eight groups, namely, Group 1: control rats, Group 2: rats receiving aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneal route (i.p) for two weeks, Group 3: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 4: rats receiving quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 5: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 6: rats receiving lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, Group 7: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks, and Group 8: rats receiving α-lipoic acid 20 mg/kg body weight and quercetin 50 mg/kg body weight followed by aluminium chloride 7 mg/kg body weight i.p. for two weeks. The animals were killed after 24 hours of the last dose by cervical dislocation. Results. Aluminium chloride treatment of rats resulted in significant increases in lipid peroxidation, protein carbonyl levels, and acetylcholine esterase activity in the brain. This was accompanied with significant decreases in reduced glutathione, activities of the glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase. Pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats to either quercetin or α-lipoic acid also restored altered lipid peroxidation and superoxide dismutase to near normal levels. Quercetin or α-lipoic acid pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats improved the protein carbonyl and reduced glutathione, glutathione reductase, and acetylcholine esterase activities in rat brains towards normal levels. Combined pretreatment of AlCl3 exposed rats with quercetin and α-lipoic acid resulted in a tendency towards normalization of most of the parameters. Conclusions. Quercetin and α-lipoic acid complemented each other in protecting the rat brain against oxidative stress induced by aluminium chloride.

scholarly journals Effect of Disease Modifying Agent on Oxidant and Antioxidant Status in Rheumatoid Arthritis

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
Ramprasad Kowsalya ◽  
Ashok Prabhu
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Group I ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Disease Modifying ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis is a chronic disease and a leading cause of disability in people with advancing age. Disease modifying antirheumatic drugs have become the mainstay of management in rheumatoid arthritis. Among these drugs, methotrexate the most frequently used agent has a proven anti-inflammatory action and is known to slow down the progression of the disease. Hence the present study is undertaken to evaluate the effect of methotrexate on the oxidant and antioxidant status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis on methotrexate.Methods: A total of 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 controls were enrolled for the study. The rheumatoid arthritis patients were further divided into patients on methotrexate (group I) and patients without methotrexate (group II). The lipid peroxidation index -Malondialdehyde and total antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione levels were analyzed in all the participants.Results: A significant increase in total antioxidant activity (p = 0.048) and decrease in lipid peroxidation (p = 0.04) was found in methotrexate treated arthritis patients compared to patients without methotrexate. A significant negative correlation (p=0.01) was found between MDA and total antioxidant activity in both groups of patients whereas, the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was positively correlated with lipid peroxide levels. Conclusion: In conclusion low dose methotrexate seems to act as an effective anti-inflammatory drug and may also play an important role in minimizing the oxidative stress in rheumatoid arthritis. Serum total antioxidant activity is significantly raised in subjects with altered liver function profile.

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