Cardiovascular diseases in Nigeria: What has happened in the past 20 years?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
ChukaTimothy Onyema ◽  
SamuelObiajulu Ike
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
The Past

“I feel fine. Do I really need to take a cholesterol pill?”

HIV ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 189-200
Author(s):  
Arvind Nishtala ◽  
Matthew J. Feinstein
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Chronic Condition ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Risk Factors

With widespread antiretroviral therapy (ART) accessibility and uptake, HIV has transitioned in many ways to a chronic condition marked by heightened risks of non-communicable diseases. Several clinical and epidemiological studies over the past two decades have demonstrated elevated risks for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among people with HIV. These risks appear to be particularly elevated among people with histories of long periods of uncontrolled viremia and CD4 lymphopenia, and dovetail with traditional risk factors (such as smoking) that are common among people with HIV. This chapter presents a discussion of the evolving epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and putative mechanisms of CVDs among people with HIV.

Arterial compliance in older people

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54
Author(s):  
C. Rajkumar ◽  
S. Bonapace ◽  
C. J. Bulpitt
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Elderly Population ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Arterial System ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Risk Of Death ◽  
The Past ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Uk

IntroductionLongevity has lengthened in recent times. This has resulted in an increase in the elderly population, with life expectancy at birth in men in the UK being approximately 72.5 years and women, 78.5 years. Despite the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases decreasing in the past 40 years, these still continue to be the largest cause of mortality in the elderly. Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity are lower in women. However, this is not true in the later years of life. After the age of 80, the risk of cardiovascular problems increases to that of men. The cardiovascular changes occurring with aging consists of changes in the heart and arterial system.

scholarly journals Tailored Interventions to Improve Medication Adherence for Cardiovascular Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai-Yan Xu ◽  
Yong-Ju Yu ◽  
Qian-Hui Zhang ◽  
Hou-Yuan Hu ◽  
Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Healthcare Costs ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Improve Medication Adherence ◽  
The Past ◽  
Tailored Interventions ◽  
Past Half Century ◽  
Past Half

Over the past half-century, medical research on cardiovascular disease (CVD) has achieved a great deal; however, medication adherence is unsatisfactory. Nearly 50% of patients do not follow prescriptions when taking medications, which limits the ability to maximize their therapeutic effects and results in adverse clinical outcomes and high healthcare costs. Furthermore, the effects of medication adherence interventions are disappointing, and tailored interventions have been proposed as an appropriate way to improve medication adherence. To rethink and reconstruct methods of improving medication adherence for CVD, the literature on tailored interventions for medication adherence focusing on CVD within the last 5 years is retrieved and reviewed. Focusing on identifying nonadherent patients, detecting barriers to medication adherence, delivering clinical interventions, and constructing theories, this article reviews the present state of tailored interventions for medication adherence in CVD and also rethinks the present difficulties and suggests avenues for future development.

scholarly journals Analysis of consequences of the relationship between man, nature and technology in the context of technogenesis intellectualization

2020 ◽  
Vol 222 ◽  
pp. 05008
Author(s):  
Galina Ulivanova ◽  
Olga Fedosova ◽  
Galina Glotova ◽  
Olga Antoshina ◽  
Alexandra Fetisova
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Aged People ◽  
The Past ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
The Relationship

The paper presents the results of the analysis of demographic and medico-social data characterizing the dynamics of morbidity and mortality from environmental diseases, in particular, diseases of the cardiovascular system. The trend of negative natural population growth was revealed, amounting to -6.9 per 1,000 persons by 2019. The number of patients with cardiovascular diseases was 13 817,4 persons, with the overwhelming majority of the working-age population (9020,2 persons). Ischemic heart disease had the largest share in the structure of the studied diseases (62,25 %). There was also a decrease in life expectancy over the past 30 years and an increase in mortality of young and middle-aged people.

scholarly journals Confounders in Identification and Analysis of Inflammatory Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Diseases

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1464
Author(s):  
Qurrat Ul Ain ◽  
Mehak Sarfraz ◽  
Gayuk Kalih Prasesti ◽  
Triwedya Indra Dewi ◽  
Neng Fisheri Kurniati
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Intervention Studies ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Epidemiological Factors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soluble Tnf Receptors

Proinflammatory biomarkers have been increasingly used in epidemiologic and intervention studies over the past decades to evaluate and identify an association of systemic inflammation with cardiovascular diseases. Although there is a strong correlation between the elevated level of inflammatory biomarkers and the pathology of various cardiovascular diseases, the mechanisms of the underlying cause are unclear. Identification of pro-inflammatory biomarkers such as cytokines, chemokines, acute phase proteins, and other soluble immune factors can help in the early diagnosis of disease. The presence of certain confounding factors such as variations in age, sex, socio-economic status, body mass index, medication and other substance use, and medical illness, as well as inconsistencies in methodological practices such as sample collection, assaying, and data cleaning and transformation, may contribute to variations in results. The purpose of the review is to identify and summarize the effect of demographic factors, epidemiological factors, medication use, and analytical and pre-analytical factors with a panel of inflammatory biomarkers CRP, IL-1b, IL-6, TNFa, and the soluble TNF receptors on the concentration of these inflammatory biomarkers in serum.

scholarly journals EuroCMR 2019 highlights

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-131
Author(s):  
Jose F Rodriguez-Palomares ◽  
Thor Edvardsen ◽  
Ana G Almeida ◽  
Stephen E Petersen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Imaging Technique ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
The Past ◽  
Previous Edition ◽  
Prognostic Stratification ◽  
Scientific Advances

Abstract Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has become one of the main imaging techniques for the diagnosis and prognostic stratification of the different cardiovascular diseases. Proof of this is the growing interest in training in this imaging technique which was evident in the past EuroCMR 2019 where 1379 specialists (26.5% more than in the previous edition) met in Lido (Venice) to discuss the latest scientific advances in the CMR field. In this review, we will discuss the most recent research presented during this congress that aroused maximum interest.

scholarly journals Tugging at the Heart Strings: The Septin Cytoskeleton in Heart Development and Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Kelsey Moore ◽  
Reece Moore ◽  
Christina Wang ◽  
Russell A. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Heart Development ◽  
Budding Yeast ◽  
Cellular Activity ◽  
Microtubule Organization ◽  
Vast Array ◽  
The Past ◽  
Temporal Function ◽  
Alternatively Spliced ◽  
Mammalian Genes

Septin genes were originally identified in budding yeast in 1971. Since their original discovery, at least 13 mammalian genes have now been found, which give rise to a vast array of alternatively spliced proteins that display unique spatial-temporal function across organs systems. Septin’s are now recognized as the 4th major component of the cytoskeleton. Their role in regulating ciliogenesis, actin and microtubule organization and their involvement in mechanotransduction clearly solidify their place as both a responder and driver of cellular activity. Although work on septin’s has escalated over the past decades, knowledge of septin function in the heart remains rudimentary. Whereas many cardiovascular diseases have been associated with genetic loci that include septin genes, new and additional concerted efforts will likely uncover previously unrecognized mechanisms by which the septin class of proteins contribute to clinical cardiac phenotypes. In this review, we place known function of septin proteins in the context of heart development and disease and provide perspectives on how increased knowledge of these proteins can mechanistically inform cardiac pathologies.

scholarly journals The Endocannabinoid System and Cannabidiol: Past, Present, and Prospective for Cardiovascular Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 936
Author(s):  
Martina Rabino ◽  
Sara Mallia ◽  
Elisa Castiglioni ◽  
Davide Rovina ◽  
Giulio Pompilio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Scientific Activity ◽  
Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Self Medication ◽  
Patient Awareness ◽  
The Past ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Recreational Use

In the past, cannabis was commonly associated with mysticism and illegality. Fortunately, in recent years perspectives and discourses have changed. More prominence has been given to the rigorous scientific effort that led to the discovery of cannabis’ many physiological actions and endogenous signalling mechanisms. The endocannabinoid system is a complex and heterogeneous pro-homeostatic network comprising different receptors with several endogenous ligands, numerous metabolic enzymes and regulatory proteins. Therefore, it is not surprising that alterations and dysfunctions of the endocannabinoid system are observed in almost every category of disease. Such high degree of pathophysiological involvement suggests the endocannabinoid system is a promising therapeutic target and prompted the translation of resurgent scientific findings into clinical therapies. Shifting attitudes toward cannabis also raised other matters such as increased patient awareness, prescription requests, self-medication, recreational use, recognition of new knowledge gaps, renewed scientific activity, and seemingly exponential growth of the cannabis industry. This review, following a general overview of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system, assiduously describes its role within the context of cardiovascular diseases, paying particular attention to the Janus influence that endocannabinoid system modulators can have on the cardiovascular system.

scholarly journals Recent Development of Artificial Intelligence Applied in Echocardiography: A Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lu Liu ◽  
Ahmed Elazab ◽  
Baiying Lei ◽  
Tianfu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Tissue Segmentation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
The Future

BACKGROUND Echocardiography has a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of cardiovascular diseases since it is real-time, cost-effective, and non-invasive. The development of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have led to more intelligent and automatic computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems in echocardiography over the past few years. Automatic CAD mainly includes classification, detection of anatomical structures, tissue segmentation, and disease diagnosis, which are mainly completed by machine learning techniques and the recent developed deep learning techniques. OBJECTIVE This review aims to provide a guide for researchers and clinicians on relevant aspects of AI, machine learning, and deep learning. In addition, we review the recent applications of these methods in echocardiography and identify how echocardiography could incorporate AI in the future. METHODS This paper first summarizes the overview of machine learning and deep learning. Second, it reviews current use of AI in echocardiography by searching literature in the main databases for the past 10 years and finally discusses potential limitations and challenges in the future. RESULTS AI has showed promising improvements in analysis and interpretation of echocardiography to a new stage in the fields of standard views detection, automated analysis of chamber size and function, and assessment of cardiovascular diseases. CONCLUSIONS Compared with machine learning, deep learning methods have achieved state-of-the-art performance across different applications in echocardiography. Although there are challenges such as the required large dataset, AI can provide satisfactory results by devising various strategies. We believe AI has the potential to improve accuracy of diagnosis, reduce time consumption, and decrease the load of cardiologists.

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